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A comparative analysis of molecular genetic phenotypes of mucous membrane cells in five anatomical regions of the colon in a group of healthy donors was conducted by comparing mRNA expression profiles of 62 genes involved in the regulation of vital cellular function. We used 181 biopsy samples of morphologically unchanged colonic mucosa, obtained from the colon (ascending, transverse-colon, descending, sigmoid) and rectum sections during prophylactic colonoscopy of 58 donors with no colon pathology. The mRNA levels for 62 genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, transcription, differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, and immune response were assessed by RT-PCR. Statistically significant differences were found for the molecular phenotypes of five sections of the colon. The results of the study can serve as a basis for creating a reference database (values of expression profiles), developing methods of differential diagnostics and screening of various pathologies of the colon.Proveden sravnitel'nyĭ analiz molekuliarno-geneticheskikh fenotipov kletok slizistoĭ obolochki v piati anatomicheskikh otdelakh tolstoĭ kishki v gruppe uslovno zdorovykh donorov. Profili ékspressii mRNK 62 genov, uchastvuiushchikh v reguliatsii zhiznenno vazhnykh kletochnykh funktsiĭ, issledovali v biopsiĭnom materiale morfologicheski neizmenennoĭ slizistoĭ obolochki tolstoĭ kishki 181 obraztsa, poluchennogo iz osnovnykh otdelov obodochnoĭ (voskhodiashchaia, poperechno-obodochnaia, niskhodiashchaia, sigmovidnaia) i priamoĭ kishki v khode profilakticheskoĭ kolonoskopii 58 donorov, u kotorykh otsutstvovala patologiia tolstoĭ kishki. Ékspressiiu mRNK 62 genov, reguliruiushchikh apoptoz, proliferatsiiu, transkriptsiiu, differentsirovku, mezhkletochnuiu adgeziiu i immunnyĭ otvet, otsenivali metodom OT-PTsR. Ustanovleny statisticheski znachimye otlichiia molekuliarnykh fenotipov piati otdelov tolstoĭ kishki. Rezul'taty provedennogo issledovaniia mogut sluzhit' osnovaniem dlia sozdaniia referensnoĭ bazy dannykh (znacheniĭ ékspressionnykh profileĭ), razrabotki metodov differentsial'noĭ diagnostiki i skrininga razlichnykh patologiĭ tolstoĭ kishki.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsible for the extracellular matrix remodeling, the activation of various growth factors, and angiogenesis play an important role in the colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In the present work the comparative analysis of MMP-7, -8, -9, and -11 mRNA as well mRNA of the Ki-67 proliferation marker in tissue samples obtained from CRC patients and healthy individuals. Employing the real time PCR method the expression levels of several MMPs (MMP-7, -8, -9, and -11) and cell proliferation marker, Ki-67, were simultaneously measured in 256 tissue samples obtained from 112 patients with CRC: 112 samples of the primary tumor (CRC), 112 samples of the most distant border of morphologically normal colonic mucosa (MNT), 16 samples of liver metastases) and from 16 healthy volunteers who underwent colonoscopy and biopsy. The expression of both MMPs studied and Ki-67 was found to be elevated in CRC primary tumors and liver metastases compared with the normal mucosa. CRC tumor and metastatic cells exhibited similar proliferative activity. The metastases are characterized by the highest cross-correlation of MMPs among tissue types tested. For the first time it was shown that normal mucosa from healthy individuals and CRC patients varied in the MMP-8 expression level. They also had dissimilar MMP correlation patterns thus suggesting that epithelial cells adjusted to CRC tumor differ from mucosal epithelial cells of healthy individuals.Matriksnye metalloproteinazy (matrix metalloproteinases, MMP), otvechaiushchie za remodelirovanie vnekletochnogo matriksa, aktivatsiiu razlichnykh rostovykh faktorov i angiogenez, igraiut vazhnuiu rol' v razvitii kolorektal'nogo raka (KRR). V dannoĭ rabote proveden sravnitel'nyĭ analiz urovneĭ ékspressii mRNK MMP-7, -8, -9 i -11, a takzhe markera proliferatsii Ki-67 v obraztsakh tkaneĭ, poluchennykh ot patsientov s KRR i zdorovykh donorov. S ispol'zovaniem metoda PTsR v real'nom vremeni byli issledovany urovni ékspressii ikh mRNK v 256 obraztsakh tkani, poluchennykh ot 112 patsientov s KRR: 112 obraztsov pervichnoĭ tkani opukholi (KRR), 112 obraztsov morfologicheski normal'noĭ tkani slizistoĭ stenki tolstoĭ kishki (MNT), udalennoĭ ot pervichnoĭ opukholi na 15-20 sm i 16 obraztsov metastaticheskoĭ opukholi KRR v pecheni (MP). Takzhe issledovany 16 bioptatov, poluchennykh vo vremia protsedury kolonoskopii u zdorovykh volonterov (NT). Vyiavleno, chto ékspressiia mRNK genov, kodiruiushchikh MMP i Ki-67, vozrastaet v pervichnoĭ tkani KRR i MP po sravneniiu s MNT i NT. Pri étom kletki pervichnoĭ tkani opukholi i kletki metastazov imeiut skhodnuiu proliferativnuiu aktivnost'. Sredi issledovannykh tipov tkaneĭ metastaticheskaia opukhol' kharakterizuetsia naibol'shim chislom i siloĭ pozitivnykh korreliatsiĭ mezhdu urovniami ékspressii mRNK genov, kodiruiushchikh MMR. Vpervye pokazano, chto normal'naia tkan' slizistoĭ obolochki kishki patsientov s KRR i zdorovykh donorov razlichaiutsia po urovniu ékspressii mRNK MMP-8. Krome togo, oni imeiut raznye korreliatsionnye patterny issleduemykh MMR, chto svidetel'stvuet o znachitel'nykh otlichiiakh mezhdu kletkami normal'noĭ tkani, sosedstvuiushcheĭ s opukhol'iu, i kletkami slizistoĭ obolochki kishki zdorovykh donorov.