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Data have been obtained on dynamics of antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniaeisolates circulating in preschool children suffering from respiratory pathologies, in the city of Kazan in the years 2009–2015. The high activity of β-lactam antibiotics (from 96 to 90.8 %, depending on the period considered), macrolides (from 83.7 to 93.4 %), and ciprofloxacin (78.9–73.5 %) for the causal treatment of pneumococcal infections. No vancomycin-resistant strains of pneumococci were registered. Comparative analysis of 2009–2011 and 2015 showed a statistically significant increase of the ratio of resistant strains to penicillin (3.5 %), amoxicillin/clavulanate (3.9 %), amoxicillin (5.3 %), clarithromycin (3.6 %), clindamycin (2.9 %), ceftriaxone (5.2 %), and cefixime (2.3 %). According to data on serotyping of isolates, serotypes of S. pneumoniaeare covered by the 13-valent conjugate vaccine currently used in children by the national calendar of preventive vaccination.