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[Display omitted] Demyelination exists in many neurological diseases of nervous system, such as stroke. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the main tool for diagnosing and monitoring the myelin related diseases. However, the conventional MRI unable to distinguish demyelinating lesions from other inflammatory lesions. To address this problem, we have designed and prepared a myelin specific magnetic resonance contrast agent, Gd-DTDAS, which was based myelin specific moiety MeDAS g g MeDAS: (E)-4-(4-aminostyryl)- N -methylaniline. and Gd-DTPA h h Gd-DTPA: gadopentetate acid.. In this work, we verified the specificity and sensitivity of Gd-DTDAS to myelin. Moreover, we investigated the specific binding ability of Gd-DTDAS to myelin sheath in the MCAO mice i i MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion. models. The in vivo imaging results showed that Gd-DTDAS can bind to the undamaged myelin sheath in the BBB disruption areas, and in turn reduce the relaxation time. The fluorescence images also showed significant fluorescence in the brain right infarct area of the MCAO model mice with administration of Gd-DTDAS. The above results confirmed that Gd-DTDAS could be preferentially distributed in areas with high myelination and can detect focally induced demyelination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]