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• The structure of polyhydroxy serratene triterpenoids is quite novel. • All compounds revealed selective cytotoxicities against MCF-7 cells. • Biosynthetic pathways of compounds were proposed. • UV spectrums provide some references for the structure of serratene triterpenoids. Phytochemical investigation of the 70% aqueous EtOH extract of Lycopodium complanatum led to six new polyhydroxy serratene triterpenoids (serrat A-F, 1 – 6), along with a known analogue (7). Their structures and configurations were elucidated by data analysis of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, in combination with comparisons of reported experimental spectroscopic data. All the isolates were evaluated cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells, MCF-7 cells and series human lung cancer cell lines A549, Calu-6, NCI-H441, NCI-H226 and NCI-H1975. The results indicated that certain compounds inhibited proliferation of human cancer cells. Moreover, all compounds possessed selective cytotoxic activities on MCF-7 cells. Further, possible biosynthesis pathways of these compounds were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Eight new serratane triterpenoids were isolated from Lycopodium complanatum. • The absolute configurations of 6 – 8 were determined by DFT GIAO 13C NMR calculations. • The cytotoxic activities were assessed on seven different human cancer cell lines. • All compounds could inhibit the NO release of RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of Lycopodium complanatum led to eight new serratane triterpenoids (lycomplanatums A-H, 1 – 8), along with five known analogues (9 – 13). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, and DFT GIAO 13C NMR calculation. Among them, compounds 2 and 13 showed moderate antiproliferative effects against seven human cancer cell lines, especially for MCF-7 with IC 50 values of 13.8–44.7 μM. Additionally, the compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory effects based on their inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells, and compounds 2 and 13 diminished NO production more potently than others in a concentration-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]