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A novel cyclopentenone derivative, talarocyclopenta A (1), a new phenolicethers derivative, talarocyclopenta B (2) and a new itaconic acid derivative, talarocyclopenta C (3) together with four known itaconic acid derivatives (4-7) were isolated from the Talaromyces assiutensis JTY2. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Among them, talarocyclopent (1) is the first represent an unusual type of cyclopentenone derivative, possessing a cyclopentenone unit, a 2-butanone unit and a 3-hydroxybutyric acid unit. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Compounds 1-4 showed inhibitory activities against the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Compound 2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial against six terrestrial pathogenic bacteria.

Three new methylated Δ

Four series of double-ring conjugated enones were designed, synthesized and studied for the inhibition of synovial cell activity through the modification of Dysodensiol K core structure, double-ring, double-bond and double-carbonyl groups. For in vitro synovial cell assay of rats, compound 151 and 168 exhibited good inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 2.71 ± 0.18 and 2.68 ± 0.16 μM respectively. At the same time, the LDH release and LD50 test results revealed that the target compounds were low cytotoxicity and acute toxicity. For in vivo CIA model test through the oral administration, compounds 151 and 168 were exhibited similar effect to positive control group methotrexate.

Three new methylated Δ8-pregnene steroids, stemphylisteroids A–C (1–3) were isolated from the medicinal plant Polyalthia laui-derived fungus Stemphylium sp. AZGP4-2. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 show antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with the MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL, and 2 exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against six pathogenic bacteria with the MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 50 μg/mL. The discovery of three methylated Δ8-pregnene steroids 1–3 are a further addition to diverse and complex array of methylated steroids.