24 results on '"Sandeep, N."'
Search Results
2. Biomass and lipid enhancement in Chlorella sp. with emphasis on biodiesel quality assessment through detailed FAME signature
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Shekh, Ajam Yakub, Shrivastava, Preeti, Gupta, Ankit, Krishnamurthi, Kannan, Devi, Sivanesan Saravana, and Mudliar, Sandeep N.
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Ozone assisted autohydrolysis of wheat bran enhances xylooligosaccharide production with low generation of inhibitor compounds: A comparative study
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Rutuja Murlidhar Sonkar, Pravin Savata Gade, Vijay V. Bokade, Praveena Bhatt, and Sandeep N. Mudliar
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Dietary Fiber ,Environmental Engineering ,Downstream processing ,Bran ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,DPPH ,Hydrolysis ,food and beverages ,Oligosaccharides ,Bioengineering ,Glucuronates ,General Medicine ,Furfural ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Acetic acid ,Ozone ,chemistry ,Acrylamide ,Composition (visual arts) ,Food science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Xylooligosaccharide - Abstract
In the present study, ozone assisted autohydrolysis (OAAH) was evaluated for enhanced generation of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) from wheat bran. The total XOS yield with optimum ozone dose of 3% (OAAH-3) was found to be 8.9% (w/w biomass) at 110 °C in comparison to 7.96% at 170 °C by autohydrolysis (AH) alone. Although, there was no significant difference in oligomeric composition (DP 2–6), significant decrease in degradation products namely furfural (2.78-fold), HMF (3.15-fold), acrylamide (nil) and acetic acid (1.06-fold), was observed with OAAH-3 as a pretreatment option. There was 1-fold higher xylan to XOS conversion and OAAH-hydrolysate had higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than AH. PCA plots indicated clear enhancement in XOS production and lower generation of inhibitors with decrease in treatment temperature. Results of the study therefore suggest OAAH can be an effective pretreatment option that can further be integrated with downstream processing for concentration and purification of XOS.
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- 2021
4. Biomass and lipid enhancement in Chlorella sp. with emphasis on biodiesel quality assessment through detailed FAME signature
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Preeti Shrivastava, Sandeep N. Mudliar, Ajam Shekh, Ankit Gupta, Sivanesan Saravana Devi, and Kannan Krishnamurthi
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Salinity ,Environmental Engineering ,Light ,020209 energy ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Chlorella ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Magnesium Sulfate ,Bioenergy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Food science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Analysis of Variance ,Biodiesel ,Waste management ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Fatty Acids ,Esters ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Light intensity ,Productivity (ecology) ,Biofuel ,Biofuels ,Regression Analysis ,Cetane number - Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of MgSO4, salinity and light intensity were optimised for maximum biomass productivity and lipid content in Chlorella sp. Lipid synthesized at varied experimental conditions was also assessed in detail for biodiesel properties through FAME analysis. FAMEs mainly composed of C16:0, C16:1(9), C16:3(7, 10, 13), C18:0, C18:1(11), C18:2(9, 12), C18:3(9, 12, 15). The optimum biomass productivity (372.50mgL(-1)d(-1)) and lipid content (32.57%) was obtained at MgSO4-150ppm; salinity-12.5ppm, and light intensity-25μmolm(-2)s(-1). However, at this condition the cetane number, a major biodiesel property was not complying with worldwide biodiesel standard. Therefore, further optimisations were done to check the suitability of biodiesel fuel. The optimum biomass productivity (348.47mgL(-1)d(-1)) and lipid content (12.43%) with suitable biodiesel fuel properties was obtained at MgSO4-50ppm, salinity-25ppm and light intensity-100μmolm(-2)s(-1). The validation experiments confirmed the closeness of predicted and measured response values.
- Published
- 2016
5. Thermal assisted alkaline pretreatment of rice husk for enhanced biomass deconstruction and enzymatic saccharification: Physico-chemical and structural characterization
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Rajeev K. Sukumaran, T. Sarat Chandra, Md. Shahabazuddin, Nandini P. Shetty, S. Meena, and Sandeep N. Mudliar
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,020209 energy ,Biomass ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Husk ,Lignin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Hemicellulose ,Cellulose ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Oryza ,General Medicine ,chemistry ,Particle size ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Thermal assisted alkaline pretreatment (TAAP) of rice husk (RH) was investigated to facilitate enzymatic saccharification by enhancing the enzyme accessibility to cellulosic components. Statistically guided experiments based on the Box-Behnken design involving four factors viz. biomass loading, particle size, NaOH loading and reaction time was considered for optimization. The maximum sugar yield of 371 mg g−1 biomass was obtained at optimized pretreatment condition [biomass loading (10% w/w), particle size (0.25–0.625 mm), NaOH loading (2% w/w), and reaction time (40 min)]. The TAAP of RH resulted in the efficient removal of lignin (14.9–54% (w/w)) with low hemicellulose solubilization [10.7–33.1% (w/w)] and with a simultaneous increase in cellulose concentration [32.65–51.65% (w/w)]. The SEM analysis indicated increased porosity and biomass disruption during TAAP. The FTIR analysis showed progressive removal of noncellulosic constituents, and XRD analysis revealed an increase in cellulose crystallinity post-TAAP indicating the effectiveness of pretreatment.
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- 2018
6. Wet air oxidation as a pretreatment option for selective biodegradability enhancement and biogas generation potential from complex effluent
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T. Saratchandra, Sandeep N. Mudliar, R.A. Pandey, K.V. Padoley, P.D. Tembhekar, and Aniruddha B. Pandit
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Environmental Engineering ,Industrial Waste ,Bioengineering ,Wastewater ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Biogas ,Bioenergy ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Pressure ,Process optimization ,Anaerobiosis ,Wet oxidation ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Air ,Temperature ,Humidity ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,Biodegradation ,Fatty Acids, Volatile ,Kinetics ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Biofuels ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Biotechnology - Abstract
This study looks at the possibility of wet air oxidation (WAO) based pretreatment of complex effluent to selectively enhance the biodegradability (without substantial COD destruction) and facilitate biogas generation potential. A lab-scale wet air oxidation reactor with biomethanated distillery wastewater (B-DWW) as a model complex effluent (COD 40,000 mg L −1 ) was used to demonstrate the proof-of-concept. The studies were conducted using a designed set of experiments and reaction temperature (150–200 °C), air pressure (6–12 bar) and reaction time (15–120 min) were the main process variables of concern for WAO process optimization. WAO pretreatment of B-DWW enhanced the biodegradability of the complex wastewater by the virtue of enhancing its biodegradability index (BI) from 0.2 to 0.88, which indicate favorable Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) for biogas generation. The kinetics of COD destruction and BI enhancement has also been reported.
- Published
- 2012
7. Evaluation of indigenous fresh water microalga Scenedesmus obtusus for feed and fuel applications: Effect of carbon dioxide, light and nutrient sources on growth and biochemical characteristics
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V.S. Chauhan, R.S. Deepak, M. Maneesh Kumar, Ravi Sarada, Suparna Mukherji, Sandeep N. Mudliar, and T. Sarat Chandra
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0106 biological sciences ,Salinity ,Environmental Engineering ,Light ,Nitrogen ,Photoperiod ,Glycine ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,010501 environmental sciences ,Acetates ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,010608 biotechnology ,Botany ,Microalgae ,Food science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Scenedesmus ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Carbon Dioxide ,biology.organism_classification ,Culture Media ,Light intensity ,Bicarbonates ,chemistry ,Productivity (ecology) ,Biofuels ,Carbon dioxide ,Mixotroph - Abstract
Scenedesmus obtusus, a freshwater microalga, was evaluated for its growth and biochemical characteristics under various culture conditions. S. obtusus was tolerant at all tested CO2 concentrations up to 20%. Among the different nitrogen sources, urea showed enhanced biomass productivities up to 2-fold compared to control, where the nitrogen source was sodium nitrate. Light intensity and photoperiod had a significant effect on growth rate and biomass productivity. The growth rate was observed maximum under continuous light exposure at the light intensities, 30μmolm(-2)sec(-1) and 60μmolm(-2)sec(-1) The species was able to tolerate the salinity levels up to 25mM NaCl, where, the increase in the concentration of NaCl suppressed the growth. Ammonium acetate and glycine showed better growth rate and biomass productivity indicating mixotrophic ability of S. obtusus. Supplementation of acetate and bicarbonate significantly enhanced the biomass productivity. Biodiesel properties of S. obtusus cultivated at various culture conditions were estimated.
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- 2015
8. Biological treatment of waste gas containing mixture of monochlorobenzene (MCB) and benzene in a bench scale biofilter
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P.R. Joshi, Sharvari Deshmukh, R.A. Pandey, and Sandeep N. Mudliar
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Environmental Engineering ,Contact time ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Chlorobenzenes ,Waste gas ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Air Pollution ,Benzene ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Air Pollutants ,Volatile Organic Compounds ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Compost ,Air ,Equipment Design ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Bench scale ,Biofilter ,engineering ,Woodchips ,Gases ,Total bacterial count ,Filtration - Abstract
The paper outlines treatment of waste gas containing monochlorobenzene (MCB) and benzene in a mixture using biofilter packed with compost and woodchips seeded with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The biofilter could treat waste gas containing MCB and benzene effectively with an efficiency of (99 ± 5%) and (97 ± 6%) at optimal empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 3 min with a loading of 57 g/m3/h of MCB and 2 g/m3/h of benzene. At optimum loading of MCB and benzene, the biofilter showed total bacterial count of 13 × 105 CFU/g of compost, while the MCB and benzene degrading bacterial count was 71 × 104 CFU/g and 5 × 104 CFU/g compost respectively. The experimental removal efficiency of MCB and benzene were in good agreement with the model predicted value.
- Published
- 2010
9. Heterocyclic nitrogenous pollutants in the environment and their treatment options – An overview
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K.V. Padoley, R.A. Pandey, and Sandeep N. Mudliar
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Environmental Engineering ,Nitrogen ,Pyridines ,Carboxylic Acids ,Bioengineering ,Environmental pollution ,Environment ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,complex mixtures ,Hazardous Substances ,Water Purification ,Bioreactors ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Toxicity profile ,Pollutant ,Waste management ,Chemistry, Physical ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Water pollutants ,fungi ,Treatment method ,Treatment options ,General Medicine ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Models, Chemical ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental Pollutants ,Environmental Pollution ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Biotechnology ,Environmental Monitoring ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Heterocyclic nitrogenous bases are one of the most important class of compounds containing N as a heteroatom, like pyridine and its derivatives. These compounds are of immense concern from point view of environment since they are known for their toxic and carcinogenic properties, lethal effect on natural biogenic environment and severe odour potential. There is a need to control these compounds from getting discharged into the environment. This paper addresses the different natural/anthropogenic sources which generate these pollutants, their toxicity profile, different physico-chemical treatment methods and especially focuses on biological methods of treatment and combination of these for the efficient removal to achieve a treated effluent quality fit for disposal without causing any damage to the environment.
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- 2008
10. Enhanced biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor using methanol as an electron donor
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Sandeep N. Mudliar, M. Suresh Kumar, Tapan Chakrabarti, and Praveena Bhatt
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Environmental Engineering ,Chromatography ,Sewage ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Continuous operation ,Chemistry ,Methanol ,Electrons ,Bioengineering ,Electron donor ,General Medicine ,Biodegradation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactor ,Formate ,Sewage treatment ,Water treatment ,Anaerobiosis ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Hexachlorocyclohexane - Abstract
Anaerobic dechlorination of technical grade hexachlorocyclohexane (THCH) was studied in a continuous upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with methanol as a supplementary substrate and electron donor. A reactor without methanol served as the experimental control. The inlet feed concentration of THCH in both the experimental and the control UASB reactor was 100 mg l(-1). After 60 days of continuous operation, the removal of THCH was99% in the methanol-supplemented reactor as compared to 20-35% in the control reactor. THCH was completely dechlorinated in the methanol fed reactor at 48 h HRT after 2 months of continuous operation. This period was also accompanied by increase in biomass in the reactor, which was not observed in the experimental control. Batch studies using other supplementary substrates as well as electron donors namely acetate, butyrate, formate and ethanol showed lower % dechlorination (85%) and dechlorination rates (3 mg g(-1)d(-1)) as compared to methanol (98%, 5 mg g(-1)d(-1)). The optimum concentration of methanol required, for stable dechlorination of THCH (100 mg l(-1)) in the UASB reactor, was found to be 500 mg l(-1). Results indicate that addition of methanol as electron donor enhances dechlorination of THCH at high inlet concentration, and is also required for stable UASB reactor performance.
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- 2008
11. Pyridine biodegradation in a novel rotating rope bioreactor
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K.V. Padoley, Praveena Bhatt, R.A. Pandey, Atul N. Vaidya, Sandeep N. Mudliar, Satish K. Lokhande, and M. Sureshkumar
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Environmental Engineering ,Aqueous solution ,Chromatography ,Hydraulic retention time ,Pyridines ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Bioengineering ,Environmental pollution ,General Medicine ,Biodegradation ,equipment and supplies ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Bioreactors ,Chemical engineering ,Mass transfer ,Pyridine ,Water Pollution, Chemical ,Bioreactor ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Volatility (chemistry) ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
A novel immobilised bioreactor has been developed especially for the treatment of pollutants characterized by high volatility alongwith high water solubility and low microbial yields. The new bioreactor referred to as the rotating rope bioreactor (RRB) provides higher interfacial area (per unit reactor liquid volume) along with high oxygen mass transfer rate, greater microbial culture stability; and consequently higher substrate loadings and removal rates in comparison to other conventional rectors for the treatment of volatile compounds. Pyridine was used as a model compound to demonstrate the enhanced performance with RRB, when compared to that reported with other conventional bioreactors. The experimental results indicate that the novel RRB system is able to degrade pyridine with removal efficiency of more than 85% at higher pyridine concentration (up to 1000 mg/l) and loading [up to 400 mg/m 2 /h (66.86 g/m 3 /h)], with a shorter hydraulic retention time (9–18 h). The reactor has been in operation for the past 15 months and no loss of activity has been observed.
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- 2008
12. Biotechnological conversion of agro-industrial wastewaters into biodegradable plastic, poly β-hydroxybutyrate
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Tapan Chakrabarti, Anshuman A. Khardenavis, M. Suresh Kumar, and Sandeep N. Mudliar
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Conservation of Natural Resources ,Environmental Engineering ,Polyesters ,Hydroxybutyrates ,Industrial Waste ,Bioengineering ,macromolecular substances ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Industrial waste ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Food Industry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Suspended solids ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Oryza ,General Medicine ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Activated sludge ,Wastewater ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Sewage treatment ,Biodegradable plastic ,Plastics ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Waste activated sludge generated from a combined dairy and food processing industry wastewater treatment plant was evaluated for its potential to produce biodegradable plastic, poly beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB). Deproteinized jowar grain-based distillery spentwash yielded 42.3% PHB production (w/w), followed by filtered rice grain-based distillery spentwash (40% PHB) when used as substrates. Addition of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) resulted in an increase in PHB production to 67% when raw rice grain-based spentwash was used. Same wastewater, after removal of suspended solids by filtration and with DAHP supplementation resulted in lower PHB production (57.9%). However, supplementing other wastes with DAHP led to a substantial decrease in PHB content in comparison to what was observed in the absence of DAHP.
- Published
- 2007
13. Biodegradation of tech-hexachlorocyclohexane in a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor
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Praveena Bhat, M. Suresh Kumar, Sandeep N. Mudliar, and Tapan Chakrabarti
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Environmental Engineering ,Chromatography ,Sewage ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Methanogenesis ,Hexachlorocyclohexane ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,Blanket ,Biodegradation ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,Kinetics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Bioreactors ,Bioreactor ,Anaerobiosis ,Steady state (chemistry) ,Lindane ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Anaerobic exercise ,Biotechnology ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Biodegradability of technical grade hexachlorocyclohexane (tech-HCH) was studied in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) under continuous mode of operation in concentration range of 100-200 mg/l and constant HRT of 48 h. At steady state operation more than 85% removal of tech-HCH (upto 175 mg/l concentration) and complete disappearance of beta-HCH was observed. Kinetic constants in terms of maximum specific tech-HCH utilization rate (k) and half saturation velocity constant (K(L)) were found to be 11.88 mg/g/day and 8.11 mg/g/day, respectively. The tech-HCH degrading seed preparation, UASB reactor startup and degradation in continuous mode of operation of the reactor is presented in this paper.
- Published
- 2006
14. Production of biodegradable plastics from activated sludge generated from a food processing industrial wastewater treatment plant
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K M K Reddy, M. Suresh Kumar, Sandeep N. Mudliar, and Tapan Chakrabarti
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Conservation of Natural Resources ,Environmental Engineering ,Food industry ,Nitrogen ,Industrial Waste ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Industrial waste ,Industrial wastewater treatment ,Food Industry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Bacteria ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Biodegradation ,Carbon ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Activated sludge ,Sewage treatment ,business ,Plastics ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Most of the excess sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (60%) is disposed by landfill. As a resource utilization of excess sludge, the production of biodegradable plastics using the sludge has been proposed. Storage polymers in bacterial cells can be extracted and used as biodegradable plastics. However, widespread applications have been limited by high production cost. In the present study, activated sludge bacteria in a conventional wastewater treatment system were induced, by controlling the carbon: nitrogen ratio to accumulate storage polymers. Polymer yield increased to a maximum 33% of biomass (w/w) when the C/N ratio was increased from 24 to 144, where as specific growth yield decreased with increasing C/N ratio. The conditions which are required for the maximum polymer accumulation were optimized and are discussed.
- Published
- 2004
15. Defatted algal biomass as a non-conventional low-cost adsorbent: surface characterization and methylene blue adsorption characteristics
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Kannan Krishnamurthi, Vikas Singh Chauhan, S. Vidyashankar, Suparna Mukherji, T. Sarat Chandra, Sandeep N. Mudliar, and Ravi Sarada
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Activated Carbon ,Langmuir ,Environmental Engineering ,Equilibrium ,Surface Properties ,Bioengineering ,Specific Surface Area ,Diffusion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Specific surface area ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Microalgae ,medicine ,Freundlich equation ,Langmuir And Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm ,Biomass ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Oedogonium Sp ,Aqueous solution ,Chromatography ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Fatty Acids ,Biosorption ,Temperature ,Biomethane Production ,Sulfuric acid ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,Sulfuric Acids ,Defatted Algal Biomass ,Methylene Blue ,Solutions ,Kinetics ,chemistry ,Costs and Cost Analysis ,Fatty-Acid ,Removal ,Aqueous-Solutions ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug ,Nuclear chemistry ,Scenedesmus - Abstract
The present study investigates the use of defatted algal biomass (DAB) as a non-conventional low cost adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity of biomass (raw, defatted and sulfuric acid pretreated DAB) was determined by liquid phase adsorption studies in batch mode for the removal of methylene blue present at various concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg L (1)) from aqueous solutions. The data was well fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity for raw, defatted and sulfuric acid pretreated DAB was found to be 6.0, 7.73 and 7.80 mg g (1), respectively. The specific surface area of raw, defatted and sulfuric acid pretreated DAB was estimated to be 14.70, 18.94, and 19.10 m(2) g (1), respectively. To evaluate the kinetic mechanism that controls the adsorption process, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and particle diffusion has been tested. The data fitted quite well with pseudo-second order kinetic model. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2014
16. Statistical optimization of thermal pretreatment conditions for enhanced biomethane production from defatted algal biomass
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Ravi Sarada, Suparna Mukherji, G. Suvidha, S. Vidyashankar, Sandeep N. Mudliar, Vikas Singh Chauhan, T. Sarat Chandra, and Kannan Krishnamurthi
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Environmental Engineering ,Statistics as Topic ,Thermal Pretreatment ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Sludge ,Methane yield ,Biogas ,Microalgae ,Organic matter ,Organic Chemicals ,Waste Management and Disposal ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Analysis of Variance ,Biodiesel Production ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Scenedesmus dimorphus ,Environmental engineering ,Temperature ,General Medicine ,Biodegradation ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Lipids ,Carbon ,Defatted Algal Biomass ,Residue ,Impact ,Microalgal Biomass ,Solubility ,Anaerobic-Digestion ,Biofuels ,Fatty-Acid ,Regression Analysis ,Biogas Production ,Scenedesmus Dimorphus ,Methane Yield ,Methane Production ,Methane ,Biotechnology ,Scenedesmus - Abstract
The present study analyzes the effect of thermal pretreatment for enhancing the biomethane potential of defatted algal biomass of Scenedesmus dimorphus through statistically guided experimental design. To this end, defatted microalgal biomass at various concentrations (1, 3 and 5 g L-1) was pretreated at elevated temperatures (100, 120 and 150 degrees C) for 20, 40 and 60 min. The solubilised TOC was favourably enhanced up to 71 mg L-1 after pretreatment at a temperature of 150 degrees C for reaction time of 60 min. The methane yield was substantially enhanced (up to 60%) and could be correlated with an increase in organic matter solubilisation and enhanced biodegradability via thermal pretreatment. The optimisation of the integrated thermal pretreatment-biomethanation process resulted in up to 1.6-fold increase in methane yield. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2014
17. Wet air oxidation pretreatment of biomethanated distillery effluent: mapping pretreatment efficiency in terms color, toxicity reduction and biogas generation
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M.L. Padmere, Sandeep N. Mudliar, G. Suvidha, Sameena N. Malik, P. Shanmugam, and T. Sarat Chandra
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Environmental Engineering ,Color ,Industrial Waste ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biogas ,Water Pollutants ,Wet oxidation ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Air ,General Medicine ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Anaerobic digestion ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Biofuels ,Toxicity ,engineering ,Fertilizer ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
The effluents from molasses-based distilleries after biomethanation are beset with problems of intensified dark brown color, high residual COD, low biodegradability index (BOD/COD ratio
- Published
- 2013
18. Stress-induced lipids are unsuitable as a direct biodiesel feedstock: A case study with Chlorella pyrenoidosa
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Shekh, Ajam Yakub, Shrivastava, Preeti, Krishnamurthi, Kannan, Mudliar, Sandeep N., Devi, Sivanesan Saravana, Kanade, Gajanan S., Lokhande, Satish K., and Chakrabarti, Tapan
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Bio-mitigation of CO(2), calcite formation and simultaneous biodiesel precursors production using Chlorella sp
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Ajam Shekh, S. Saravana Devi, N. Srinivasan, Abhay B. Fulke, Raju R. Yadav, Tapan Chakrabarti, Sandeep N. Mudliar, Rishiram Ramanan, and Kannan Krishnamurthi
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Environmental Engineering ,Chromatography, Gas ,Light ,Chlorophyceae ,Bioengineering ,Chlorophyta ,Chlorella ,Calcium Carbonate ,Palmitic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,X-Ray Diffraction ,Bioenergy ,Botany ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Food science ,Biomass ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Biodiesel ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Esters ,General Medicine ,Carbon Dioxide ,biology.organism_classification ,Lipid Metabolism ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Biofuels ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Docosapentaenoic acid - Abstract
In this study, an attempt was made to use micro-algal system for the production of biodiesel precursors and simultaneous CO 2 mitigation. Chlorella sp. was found to have a higher growth rate as compared to the other algal species tested namely Chlamydomonas sp. and Synnecococcus sp. At different CO 2 concentrations (0.03%, 3%, 10% and 15%), the lipid productivity was 23.0, 20.0 and 27.3 mg/L/d respectively. Calcite produced was characterized using FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The FAME in crude biofuel was analyzed by GC-FID that found to contain palmitic acid (C16:0), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6). The calorific value of Chlorella sp. was found to be 29 kJ/g which is higher than values reported for fresh water microalgae making it a potential candidate to be used as an alternate fuel.
- Published
- 2010
20. Treatment of waste gas containing low concentration of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) in a bench-scale biofilter
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R.A. Pandey, Balendu Shekher Giri, Sharvari Deshmukh, Sandeep N. Mudliar, and Saumita Banerjee
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Environmental Engineering ,Time Factors ,Microorganism ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Sulfides ,Bacillus sphaericus ,Models, Biological ,Soil ,Biomass ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Bacillus megaterium ,Waste Products ,biology ,Moisture ,Waste management ,Bacteria ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Compost ,Chemistry ,Water ,Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Biofilter ,engineering ,Degradation (geology) ,Gases ,Paenibacillus polymyxa ,Filtration - Abstract
Biological treatment of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) was investigated in a bench-scale biofilter, packed with compost along with wood chips, and enriched with DMS degrading microorganism Bacillus sphaericus . The biofilter could remove 62–74% of the inlet DMS, at an optimum loading of 0.484 g/m 3 /h with optimum empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 384 s and an average moisture range of 65–70%. The biodegradative products of DMS were sulphide, thiosulphate and sulphate. Evaluation of microbiological status of the biofilter indicated the presence of other bacterial cultures viz. Paenibacillus polymyxa , and Bacillus megaterium , besides B. sphaericus .
- Published
- 2009
21. Treatment of waste gas containing diethyldisulphide (DEDS) in a bench scale biofilter
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S. Borgaokar, R.A. Pandey, and Sandeep N. Mudliar
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Compost ,Microorganism ,Pulp (paper) ,Industrial Waste ,Ultrafiltration ,Bioengineering ,Pilot Projects ,General Medicine ,Equipment Design ,engineering.material ,Sulfides ,Refinery ,Waste gas ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,Hyphomicrobium ,Bench scale ,Biofilter ,engineering ,Proper treatment ,Environmental science ,Gases ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
Waste gas containing diethyldisulphide (DEDS) is generated from various industries including pulp and paper, refinery, rayon and molasses based distilleries, etc. DEDS has odour threshold detection with an average concentration of 10 −9 mg/m 3 at 25 °C. DEDS is toxic to bacteria, fungus and also to mammals when exposed for a long period. Waste gas containing DEDS require proper treatment prior to discharge into the environment. DEDS containing waste gas was treated in a biofilter, packed with compost along with wooden chips and enriched with DEDS degrading microorganisms. The biofilter could remove DEDS to the extent of 94 ± 5% at a loading of 1.60 g/m 3 /h with an empty bed retention time of 150 s. At optimal operating conditions, the average moisture content required by the biofilter was in the range of 60–65%. The biodegradative products of DEDS were thiosulphate and sulphate.
- Published
- 2008
22. Steady state model for evaluation of external and internal mass transfer effects in an immobilized biofilm
- Author
-
Sukumar Devotta, Sandeep N. Mudliar, Atul N. Vaidya, and Saumita Banerjee
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Chromatography ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Pyridines ,Biofilm ,Steady State theory ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,Continuous mode ,Penetration (firestop) ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Biodegradation ,Rotating biological contactor ,Models, Biological ,Substrate Specificity ,Diffusion ,Kinetics ,Chemical engineering ,External Liquid ,Mass transfer ,Biofilms ,Computer Simulation ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Porosity - Abstract
A steady model for the evaluation of external liquid film diffusion and internal pore diffusion effects in an immobilized biofilm system under continuous mode of operation was developed. The model takes into account, substrate diffusion through external liquid film and biofilm. Average rate of substrate consumption in the biofilm was considered. The overall efficiency of the biofilm was mathematically represented by considering the combined effects of substrate penetration and substrate utilization in the biofilm. The model was illustrated using a case study of pyridine biodegradation in a rotating biological contactor immobilized with pyridine degrading microbial film. The model is able to effectively predict both internal and external mass transfer effects in an immobilized biofilm system.
- Published
- 2007
23. Biodegradation of tech-hexachlorocyclohexane in a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor
- Author
-
Bhat, Praveena, primary, Kumar, M. Suresh, additional, Mudliar, Sandeep N., additional, and Chakrabarti, T., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Biotechnological conversion of agro-industrial wastewaters into biodegradable plastic, poly β-hydroxybutyrate
- Author
-
Khardenavis, Anshuman A., Suresh Kumar, M., Mudliar, Sandeep N., and Chakrabarti, Tapan
- Subjects
- *
BIOTECHNOLOGY , *AGRICULTURAL wastes , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *WASTEWATER treatment - Abstract
Abstract: Waste activated sludge generated from a combined dairy and food processing industry wastewater treatment plant was evaluated for its potential to produce biodegradable plastic, poly β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB). Deproteinized jowar grain-based distillery spentwash yielded 42.3% PHB production (w/w), followed by filtered rice grain-based distillery spentwash (40% PHB) when used as substrates. Addition of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) resulted in an increase in PHB production to 67% when raw rice grain-based spentwash was used. Same wastewater, after removal of suspended solids by filtration and with DAHP supplementation resulted in lower PHB production (57.9%). However, supplementing other wastes with DAHP led to a substantial decrease in PHB content in comparison to what was observed in the absence of DAHP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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