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Recent studies have revealed that various food components affect the immune response. These components act on various immune cells, and their effects are mediated through the intestinal immune system and, in some cases, the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we describe the immunomodulating effects of various food components, including probiotics, prebiotics, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, peptides, amino acids and polyphenols. Some of these components enhance immune responses, leading to host defense against infection, whereas others inhibit immune responses, thus suppressing allergy and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which compares the immunomodulatory effects of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus on Immunoglobulin A (IgA) production by Peyer's patches lymphocytes. It notes that the Bacteroides have stronger ability to induce Peyer's patches lymphocyte IgA production than Lactobacillus. Moreover, it also states that murine intestinal commensal bacteria stimulates mucosal IgA production.

The article discusses a study which examines the effect of dietary melibiose (6-o-α-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose) on T-helper (Th) cell responses induced by an orally fed antigen in ovalbumin-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice. Dietary melibiose significantly decreased the Th2 type responses, shown by a significant decrease in the interleukin-4 production and T cell proliferative response induced by sensitization from the oral administration of ovalbumin.

Describes a polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of buckwheat DNA using primers corresponding to internal transcribed spacer region. Information on the presence of buckwheat contamination in food; Causes of allergies; Risk of raising the buckwheat allergy due to allergens derived from wild buckwheat.

Reports on a study which reveals that antigen feeding increases frequency and antigen-specific proliferation ability of intraepithelial CD4[sup +] T cells in alphabeta T cell receptor transgenic mice. Changes in the population of IEL in response to orally administered Ag; Changes in Ag-specific reactivity of IEL in response to orally administered Ag; Proliferative response of CD4[sup +] and CD4[sup -] IEL sorted by MACS.

The article focuses on a research concerning the analysis of two different epitopes including OVA23-3 CD4+T cells and DO11.10 CD4+T cells in the ovalbumin 323-339 (OVA 323-339) peptide of mice or food allergic patients. The research found that OVA23-3 CD4+T identified the Th2-phenotype while DO11.10 CD4+T cells identified the Th1-phenotype. It also discusses the impact of these differences on the immune responses of mice.