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Determination of hepatotoxic drugs is critical for both clinical diagnosis and quantity control of their pharmaceutical formulations. In this work, a facile and sensitive sensor based on MXene modified screen-printed electrode (MXene/SPE) has been developed for detection of acetaminophen (ACOP) and isoniazid (INZ), which are two commonly used drugs but might induce liver damage in certain circumstances. MXene showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of ACOP and INZ compared with bare SPE in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 , and the separated oxidation peak potentials ensured simultaneous detection of the targets with wide linear ranges from 0.25 to 2000 μM for ACOP and 0.1-4.6 mM for INZ. The detection limits of ACOP and INZ were 0.048 μM and 0.064 mM, respectively. (S/N = 3). MXene/SPE exhibits good stability, reproducibility and repeatability, and the method has been successfully applied for detection of ACOP and INZ in their pharmaceutical and biological samples with satisfactory recovery., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this work, ultrathin Ti 3 C 2 -MXene nanosheets were synthesized by minimally intensive layer delamination methods, and uniformly functionalized with aminosilane (f-Ti 3 C 2 -MXene) to provide a covalent binding for the immobilized bio-receptor (anti-CEA) for label free, ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA). The effect of different redox probes on the electrochemical behavior of f-Ti 3 C 2 -MXene was investigated and found that hexaammineruthenium ([Ru(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ ) is the preferable redox probe for biosensing. The fabricated biofunctionalized Ti 3 C 2 -MXene exhibits a linear detection range of 0.0001-2000 ng mL -1 with sensitivity of 37.9 µA ng -1 mL cm -2 per decade. The wider linear detection range of our f-Ti 3 C 2 -MXene is not only higher than previously reported pristine 2D nanomaterials, but is even comparable to other hybrid 2D nanomaterials. We believe that this work opens a new window for development of MXene-based highly sensitive DNA, aptamer, enzyme, antibody, and cell based biosensors, and could be further used in drug delivery application., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Graphene (G)-based composite materials have been widely explored for the sensing applications ascribing to their atom-thick two-dimensional conjugated structures, high conductivity, large specific surface areas and controlled modification. With the enormous advantages of film structure, G-based composite films (GCFs), prepared by combining G with different functional nanomaterials (noble metals, metal compounds, carbon materials, polymer materials, etc.), show unique optical, mechanical, electrical, chemical, and catalytic properties. Therefore, great quantities of sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability have been created in recent years. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the fabrication technologies of GCFs and their specific sensing applications. In addition, the relationship between the properties of GCFs and sensing performance is concentrated on. Finally, the personal perspectives and key challenges of GCFs are mentioned in the hope to shed a light on their potential future research directions., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)