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Objectives To examine the differences in 24-h urine composition between nephrolithiasis patients with and without diabetes mellitus ( DM) in a large cohort of stone-formers and to examine differences in stone composition between patients with and without DM. Patients and Methods A retrospective review of 1117 patients with nephrolithiasis and a 24-h urine analysis was completed. Univariable analysis of 24-h urine profiles and multivariable linear regression models were performed, comparing patients with and without DM. A subanalysis of patients with stone analysis data available was performed, comparing the stone composition of patients with and without DM. Results Of the 1117 patients who comprised the study population, 181 (16%) had DM and 936 (84%) did not have DM at the time of urine analysis. Univariable analysis showed significantly higher total urine volume, citrate, uric acid ( UA), sodium, potassium, sulphate, oxalate, chloride, and supersaturation ( SS) of UA in individuals with DM (all P < 0.05). However, patients with DM had significantly lower SS of calcium phosphate and pH (all P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that patients with DM had significantly lower urinary pH and SS of calcium phosphate, but significantly greater citrate, UA, sulphate, oxalate, chloride, SSUA, SS of calcium oxalate, and volume than patients without DM (all P < 0.05). Patients with DM had a significantly greater proportion of UA in their stones than patients without DM (50.2% vs 13.5%, P < 0.001). Conclusions DM was associated with multiple differences on 24-h urine analysis compared with those without DM, including significantly higher UA and oxalate, and lower pH. Control of urinary UA and pH, as well as limiting intake of dietary oxalate may reduce stone formation in patients with DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate perspectives of urologists viewing live case demonstrations ( LCD) and taped case demonstrations ( TCD)., Method A 15-question anonymous survey was distributed to attendees of the live surgery session at the American Urological Association 2012 national meeting ( Atlanta) and the second International Challenges in Endourology meeting ( Paris)., Results Of 1000 surveys distributed, 253 were returned completed (response rate 25%). Nearly half of respondents were in the academic practice setting and nearly 75% were beyond training., Just over 30% had performed a LCD previously. The perceived benefit of an LCD was greater than unedited and edited videos (chi-squared P = 0.014 and P < 0.001, respectively). Nearly no one selected 'not helpful' and a few selected 'minimally helpful' for any of the three forms of demonstration., Most respondents identified that opportunity to ask questions (61%) and having access to the full unedited version (72%), two features inherent to LCD, improved upon the educational benefit of edited videos., Most (78%) identified LCD as ethical. However, those that did not perceived lower educational benefit from LCD ( P = 0.019)., A slim majority (58%) would allow themselves or a family member to be a patient of a LCD and the vast majority (86%) plan to transfer knowledge gained at the LCD session into their practice., Conclusions Urologists who attended these LCD sessions identified LCDs as beneficial and applicable to their practice., LCDs are preferred over videos. The large majority considers LCD ethical, although not as many would volunteer themselves for LCD., Further studies are necessary to determine if there is actual benefit from LCD over TCD to patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]