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3M Co. anticipates an increase in profit for 2025 under CEO William Brown's turnaround plan, with adjusted earnings projected to be between $7.60 to $7.90 per share. Brown's strategy includes accelerating new product development and cost-cutting measures to boost productivity. The company's shares have risen since the announcement of these initiatives, and 3M aims for a 3% organic sales growth this year. Additionally, 3M has adjusted its remote work policy, requiring higher-level employees to be in the office on designated collaboration days. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has raised its 2024 profit forecast and reported third-quarter earnings that exceeded analyst expectations, with adjusted profit at $1.98 per share. CEO Bill Brown attributes the guidance increase to productivity improvements and spending cuts. The company aims to boost sales growth by accelerating new product development and improving delivery performance. Brown is implementing changes in employee work arrangements to drive growth and innovation. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has raised its 2024 profit forecast and reported third-quarter earnings that exceeded analyst expectations, attributing the positive results to increased productivity. The company now expects full-year adjusted earnings of at least $7.20 per share, marking the second time it has raised its annual profit goal under CEO Bill Brown. Brown's focus on productivity improvements and organizational changes has contributed to 3M's recent success, with shares rising 48% this year. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has raised its 2024 profit forecast and exceeded analyst expectations in the third quarter, with adjusted earnings of $1.98 per share. CEO Bill Brown attributes the improved guidance to productivity gains, spending cuts, and share repurchases. Brown aims to revitalize the company by accelerating product development, reducing waste, and implementing a new office work policy for managers. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co.'s new CEO is changing the company's remote-friendly policy by requiring managers at the director level and above to come into the office three days a week for collaboration. The new policy is voluntary for employees below the director rank and will start at the Minnesota headquarters, eventually expanding globally. The shift follows a period of sluggish growth and legal setbacks, with the new CEO prioritizing innovation and product development. Other companies like Amazon and Nike have also been pushing for employees to return to the office, citing concerns about hindering product development while working from home. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has raised its full-year profit forecast as its new CEO, Bill Brown, aims to revitalize the company after a period of turmoil. The maker of Post-it notes and industrial adhesives now expects adjusted earnings of $7.00 to $7.30 per share for 2024. Brown plans to accelerate sales growth by increasing the pace of new product development and reducing organizational complexity. The company also announced that it is searching for a new chief financial officer. 3M's second-quarter results exceeded analysts' expectations, leading to a 6.3% increase in the company's shares. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co., the manufacturer of Post-it notes and industrial adhesives, has raised its full-year profit forecast under the leadership of new CEO Bill Brown. The company now expects adjusted earnings of $7.00 to $7.30 per share for 2024, up from its previous outlook of $7.05. Brown aims to boost sales growth by increasing the pace of new product development and reducing organizational complexity. However, 3M is also facing the challenge of finding a new chief financial officer. In the second quarter, the company reported adjusted earnings of $1.93 per share, surpassing analysts' expectations. [Extracted from the article]

Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. (ADM) has hired Monish Patolawala, a former executive at 3M Co., as its new Chief Financial Officer (CFO) in an effort to restore credibility with shareholders following an accounting scandal. Patolawala's appointment comes after a six-month period of interim leadership in ADM's finance department. The decision to hire someone from outside the company was likely a strategic move to distance ADM from its previous problems. The new CFO will face the challenge of turning around ADM's troubled nutrition unit while navigating a downturn in crop prices and processing margins. ADM is still under investigation by the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. Chief Financial Officer Monish Patolawala is leaving the company to become the CFO of Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. This follows a recent change in leadership at 3M, with aerospace veteran Bill Brown taking over as CEO. Patolawala had been in the finance role for four years and played a role in guiding the company through the spinoff of its health-care business and settlements related to contaminated drinking water. This announcement is in line with the common practice of new CEOs selecting their own CFOs. [Extracted from the article]

Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM) has hired Monish Patolawala, a former executive at 3M, as its new Chief Financial Officer (CFO) in an effort to restore credibility with shareholders following an accounting scandal. Patolawala's appointment comes after a six-month period of interim leadership in ADM's finance department. The new CFO will face the challenge of turning around ADM's troubled nutrition unit while navigating a downturn in crop prices and processing margins. ADM is still under investigation by the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has announced plans to reduce its dividend for the first time in over six decades. The manufacturing company will now pay a dividend at approximately 40% of its adjusted free cash flow, compared to over 60% last year. This decision comes after the spinoff of its health-care products division, which accounted for about 30% of the company's free cash flow. Despite the reduced payout, 3M's first-quarter earnings exceeded expectations, leading to a 3.6% increase in its stock. The company's former CEO, Mike Roman, will continue as executive chairman, while William "Bill" Brown takes over as CEO. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has announced plans to reduce its dividend for the first time in over six decades. The manufacturing company will now pay a dividend at approximately 40% of its adjusted free cash flow, compared to over 60% last year. This decision comes after the spinoff of its health-care products division. Despite the reduced payout, 3M's first-quarter earnings exceeded expectations, leading to an increase in stock value. The company's former CEO, Mike Roman, will continue as executive chairman, while William "Bill" Brown takes over as CEO. 3M is currently facing legal challenges and lawsuits that may result in significant damages. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. plans to reduce its dividend for the first time in over 60 years after spinning off its health-care products division. Starting in May, the manufacturing company will pay a dividend at around 40% of its adjusted free cash flow, compared to over 60% last year. This decision marks a departure from 3M's reputation as a "dividend aristocrat" and comes as the company reported better-than-expected first-quarter results. The spinoff raised nearly $8 billion in cash, and 3M will monetize its 19.9% stake in the new health-care business over the next five years. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has appointed aerospace veteran William Brown as its new CEO in an effort to provide fresh direction for the company. Brown, the former CEO of defense contractor L3Harris Technologies Inc., will take over on May 1. The move comes as 3M faces mounting legal liabilities and a declining stock price. Brown's appointment was well-received by investors, with shares rising by as much as 7.2% after the announcement. Brown brings extensive experience in mergers and spin-offs, which could be valuable as 3M navigates its challenges. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has announced that William Brown, a former CEO of defense contractor L3Harris Technologies Inc., will be its new chief executive officer, replacing Mike Roman. Roman's tenure was marked by a declining stock and concerns over legal liabilities related to "forever chemicals." Brown will take over on May 1, while Roman will remain with the company as executive chair. 3M has faced significant challenges in recent years, including legal issues and a struggling post-pandemic sales run. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has forecasted 2024 profits and sales growth below expectations due to sluggish consumer demand. The company expects adjusted earnings to be no more than $9.75 per share, compared to analyst estimates of $9.81. Organic sales are projected to be flat to up 2%, falling short of the expected 2.7% growth. Despite this cautious outlook, 3M reported adjusted quarterly earnings above estimates, aided by a restructuring effort. The spinoff of its health-care unit is still on track for completion in the first half of the year. However, Chief Executive Officer Mike Roman noted that there have been no significant changes in the end markets as 2024 begins. The company's full-year earnings forecast will also be impacted by a higher tax rate and other expenses. 3M plans to discontinue some products with less attractive growth and margin prospects, affecting sales growth. The company underwent a restructuring push last year, including job cuts, to address slow sales and legal liabilities. 3M agreed to pay up to $12.5 billion to resolve claims related to water contamination and $6 billion to settle lawsuits over defective earplugs. The cost of these payouts has raised questions about the company's dividend payments. 3M expects to generate up to $7.1 billion in adjusted operating cash flow in 2024 and will prioritize cash generation and wider profit margins. [Extracted from the article]

3M Co. has forecasted 2024 profits and sales growth below expectations due to sluggish consumer demand. The company expects adjusted earnings to be no more than $9.75 per share, compared to analyst estimates of $9.81 per share. Organic sales are projected to be flat to up 2%, falling short of the expected 2.7% growth. Despite this cautious outlook, 3M reported adjusted quarterly earnings above estimates, aided by a restructuring effort. The company's CEO, Mike Roman, stated that there have been no significant changes in the end markets as they enter 2024. 3M plans to complete the spinoff of its health-care unit in the first half of the year. The company's shares have declined over the past year due to legal liabilities and slower sales. 3M has agreed to pay billions to resolve claims related to water contamination and defective earplugs. The cost of these payouts has raised concerns about the company's dividend payments. 3M aims to prioritize cash generation and wider profit margins in the face of lackluster demand. [Extracted from the article]

Litigation has revealed documents showing that its manufacturers, including industrial giant 3M, had dumped the chemicals for years and have been aware of the dangers associated with PFAS. (Bloomberg) -- There is a very high chance you will come into contact with PFAS today. PFAS are called "forever chemicals" because the properties that make them so useful to consumers make them very persistent in the environment. [Extracted from the article]

Despite a need to ramp up production capacity to meet customer demand, Fili has no immediate plans to list the company, currently valued at €500 million, on the stock market. (Bloomberg) -- US manufacturing giant 3M Co. has entered into a strategic partnership with a Swedish startup to develop worker safety equipment powered by solar-cell technology. [Extracted from the article]

Read More: 3M to Cut 6,000 Jobs in CEO's Latest Restructuring Push 3M reported a third-quarter adjusted profit of $2.68 per share, blowing past the $2.34 estimated by Wall Street. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. boosted its full-year adjusted profit and cash flow targets as it reported third-quarter results that easily topped Wall Street estimates, lifted by sweeping cost cuts and efforts to combat an ongoing sales slump. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. boosted its full-year adjusted profit and cash flow targets as it reported third-quarter results that easily topped Wall Street estimates, lifted by sweeping cost cuts and efforts to combat an ongoing sales slump. The higher targets reflect deep cost cuts, thousands of layoffs and other actions taken by Roman to streamline the complex company amid a lengthy sales slump. [Extracted from the article]

The lawsuits have been consolidated in a multi-district litigation case in federal court in Pensacola, Florida - one of the biggest MDLs in US history. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co.'s $6 billion settlement of lawsuits accusing the company of selling defective combat earplugs to the US military could fall apart if enough veterans reject the deal as inadequate for their injuries. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has agreed to pay $6 billion to resolve hundreds of thousands of lawsuits alleging it sold defective earplugs to the US military that led to hearing damage for combat troops. Multi-District Litigation More than 320,000 former US service members and others have filed suits that were consolidated into a multi-district litigation case in federal court in Florida. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has agreed to pay more than $6 billion over five years to resolve hundreds of thousands of lawsuits alleging it sold defective ear plugs to the US military that led to hearing damage for combat troops. More than 300,000 former US service members and others have filed suits that were consolidated into a multi-district litigation case in federal court in Florida. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has agreed to pay $6.01 billion over five years to resolve roughly 260,000 lawsuits alleging it sold defective ear plugs to the US military that led to hearing damage for combat troops. The deal resolves a major source of uncertainty for 3M investors who've watched the company's market value decline by more than half since 2019 amid fears over staggering legal liabilities from the earplug claims and lawsuits over so-called forever chemicals. [Extracted from the article]

In June a bankruptcy judge threw out Aearo's case, finding that 3M wasn't in the kind of financial trouble that warranted using the bankruptcy system to manage litigation. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has tentatively agreed to pay more than $5.5 billion to resolve over 300,000 lawsuits claiming it sold the US military defective combat earplugs, people familiar with the deal said. Read More: J&J Court Loss Weakens Tactic Used by 3M, Georgia-Pacific As 3M's bankruptcy strategy languished, lawyers for the company and the service members pursued a settlement in mediation required by the judge overseeing the earplug litigation, US District Judge Casey Rodgers. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has tentatively agreed to pay more than $5.5 billion to resolve over 300,000 lawsuits claiming it sold the US military defective combat earplugs, people familiar with the deal said. Read More: J&J Court Loss Weakens Tactic Used by 3M, Georgia-Pacific As 3M's bankruptcy strategy languished, lawyers for the company and the service members pursued a settlement in mediation required by the judge overseeing the earplug litigation, US District Judge Casey Rodgers. In June a bankruptcy judge threw out Aearo's case, finding that 3M wasn't in the kind of financial trouble that warranted using the bankruptcy system to manage litigation. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has tentatively agreed to pay more than $5.5 billion to resolve over 300,000 lawsuits claiming it sold the US military defective combat earplugs, people familiar with the deal said. Read More: J&J Court Loss Weakens Tactic Used by 3M, Georgia-Pacific As 3M's bankruptcy strategy languished, lawyers for the company and the service members pursued a settlement in mediation required by the judge overseeing the earplug litigation, US District Judge Casey Rodgers. In June a bankruptcy judge threw out Aearo's case, finding that 3M wasn't in the kind of financial trouble that warranted using the bankruptcy system to manage litigation. [Extracted from the article]

Read More: J&J Court Loss Weakens Tactic Used by 3M, Georgia-Pacific As 3M's bankruptcy strategy languished, lawyers for the company and the service members pursued a settlement in mediation required by the judge overseeing the earplug litigation, US District Judge Casey Rodgers. In June a bankruptcy judge threw out Aearo's case, finding that 3M wasn't in the kind of financial trouble that warranted using the bankruptcy system to manage litigation. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has tentatively agreed to pay more than $5.5 billion to resolve over 300,000 lawsuits claiming it sold the US military defective combat earplugs, people familiar with the deal said. [Extracted from the article]

The SEC claimed that 3M's China subsidiary spent $1 million to send officials from state-owned health-care facilities and their spouses to US and Australian cities. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. will pay more than $6.5 million to settle Securities and Exchange Commission allegations that it tried to hide payments to send Chinese government officials on overseas vacations and shopping sprees. [Extracted from the article]

His law firm, Motley Rice, is credited with bringing some of the first mass-tort suits against the makers of asbestos in the early 1970s. Joe Rice has been asked to join the group of lawyers leading lawsuits targeting per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, according to court filings in South Carolina this week. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co., DuPont de Nemours and other makers of so-called forever chemicals face a new opponent in a string of pollution lawsuits who was the driving force behind record multibillion lawsuits over tobacco and opioids. [Extracted from the article]

Adjusted earnings were $2.17 per share compared to analyst estimates of $1.73. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co.'s profit topped Wall Street estimates in the second quarter, driving a rise in the annual outlook, after sweeping cost cuts fueled better-than-expected earnings and cash flow. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co.'s profit topped Wall Street estimates in the second quarter, driving a rise in the annual outlook, after sweeping cost cuts fueled better-than-expected earnings and cash flow. Adjusted earnings were $2.17 per share compared to analyst estimates of $1.73 per share. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has so many big problems on its hands that one veteran Wall Street analyst likened the conglomerate's challenges to the Titanic - just after the iceberg. That may sound like hyperbole for one of the longest-tenured components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average that generates more than $30 billion in sales and showers investors with $3 billion in annual dividends. [Extracted from the article]

The deal announced Thursday resolves current and future claims by municipal water authorities over per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, known as PFAS. The water pollution cases are part of roughly 4,000 lawsuits targeting 3M and other companies over PFAS environmental harms that have been consolidated before a federal judge in Charleston, South Carolina. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has agreed to pay as much as $12.5 billion over 13 years to resolve claims that so-called forever chemicals it manufactured for decades polluted drinking water supplies across the US. [Extracted from the article]

The cases are a portion of roughly 4,000 lawsuits targeting 3M and other companies over PFAS environmental harms that have been consolidated before a federal judge in Charleston, South Carolina. The deal announced Thursday resolves current and future claims by municipal water authorities over per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, known as PFAS. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has agreed to pay $10.3 billion over 13 years to resolve claims that so-called forever chemicals it manufactured for decades polluted drinking water supplies across the US. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. has agreed to pay more than $10 billion to settle claims over so-called forever chemicals it manufactured that polluted drinking water supplies across the US, according to a person familiar with the matter. The pact has a present value of about $10 billion and will be paid over a 13-year period, according to the person. The pact will resolves current and future claims by municipal drinking water providers over per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, known as PFAS, the person said, who asked not to be identified as the matter is still private. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- The judge overseeing the 3M Co. "forever chemicals" case granted a trial delay the company requested so it can work out a settlement. 3M Granted Delay in "Forever Chemicals" Trial to Negotiate Settlement The judge granted the delay on Monday, when the trial was to start. [Extracted from the article]

Read More: 3M Said to Be in at Least $10 Billion PFAS Pollution Accord ©2023 Bloomberg L.P. 3M Granted Delay in "Forever Chemicals" Trial to Negotiate Settlement (Bloomberg) -- The judge overseeing the 3M Co. "forever chemicals" case granted a trial delay the company requested so it can work out a settlement. [Extracted from the article]

The potential settlement would be on the heels of a $1.185 billion PFAS settlement announced Friday by Chemours Co., DuPont de Nemours Inc. and DuPont spinoff Corteva Inc. over pollution claims tied to DuPont's manufacture of the compounds. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. struck a tentative settlement of at least $10 billion over water pollution claims tied to "forever chemicals", according to people familiar with the proposed accord, the largest PFAS pact in the US and one of the biggest mass tort deals ever. Read More: DuPont, Chemours, Corteva to Pay $1.19 Billion in PFAS Pact The two settlements are part of a much larger potential liability PFAS makers face. [Extracted from the article]

The potential deal, which would require board approval, would be on the heels of a $1.185 billion PFAS settlement announced Friday by DuPont de Nemours Inc., Chemours Co. and DuPont spinoff Corteva Inc. over pollution claims tied to DuPont's manufacture of the compounds. 3M, the largest maker of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, is weighing the deal to avoid facing its first federal court trial over the waterproofing agent, set to start June 5 in Charleston, South Carolina, the people said. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. struck a tentative settlement of at least $10 billion with a host of US cities and towns to resolve water pollution claims tied to "forever chemicals" the company made for decades, according to people familiar with the proposed pact. [Extracted from the article]

3M Heads to Trial in "Existential" $143 Billion Forever-Chemicals Litigation Earlier this week, 3M, DuPont and other companies agreed to pay more than $100 million to settle a PFAS suit by the city of Rome, Georgia. US District Judge Richard Gergel, who's overseeing the Stuart case and thousand of others, said at a 2019 hearing that the litigation poses an "existential threat" to 3M and other companies that manufactured PFAS, like DuPont de Nemours Inc., its spinoff Chemours Co., and Chemguard Inc. Gergel severed DuPont from the Stuart case, leaving 3M as the only defendant. [Extracted from the article]

Rome, Georgia settled with 3M, DuPont, DuPont spinoff Chemours Co. and other PFAS makers on May 30. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co., DuPont de Nemours Inc. and other makers of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, have agreed to pay more than $100 million to resolve a Georgia city's lawsuit claiming the chemicals polluted its drinking water, according to a person familiar with the matter. The largest maker of PFAS already has paid close to $1 billion over the last four years to resolve state's and cities' claims PFAS has fouled groundwaters and waterways. [Extracted from the article]

Rome, Georgia settled with 3M, DuPont, DuPont spinoff Chemours Co. and other PFAS makers on May 30. (Bloomberg) -- 3M Co., DuPont de Nemours Inc. and other makers of allegedly cancer-linked per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, have agreed to pay more than $100 million to resolve a Georgia city's lawsuit claiming the chemicals polluted its drinking water, according to a person familiar with the matter. The city sued the companies in Floyd County Superior Court over PFAS were used as stain-proofing agents in carpeting produced in local plants. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: 1264234D; JNJ; MMM; ALLTOP; BUSINESS; CONS; CONSS; COS; GLOBALMACR; INDUSTRIAL; INDUSTRIES; LAW; MAC; MARKETS; NORTHAM; STK; TOP; US; WORLD; WWTOP; WWTOPAM EN 1264234D JNJ MMM ALLTOP BUSINESS CONS CONSS COS GLOBALMACR INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIES LAW MAC MARKETS NORTHAM STK TOP US WORLD WWTOP WWTOPAM RH69U8T0AFB4 US Bankruptcy Judge Jeffrey J. Graham refused to temporarily halt the lawsuits accusing 3M and its bankrupt subsidiary, Aearo Technologies, of selling faulty combat earplugs that damaged the hearing of veterans who used them. Graham's decision upends 3M's decision to resolve the lawsuits by putting Aearo in bankruptcy, where controversial rules sometimes allow parent companies to benefit from a litigation stay. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: 1264234D; JNJ; MMM; ALLTOP; BUSINESS; CONS; CONSS; COS; GLOBALMACR; INDUSTRIAL; INDUSTRIES; LAW; MAC; MARKETS; NORTHAM; STK; US; WORLD; WWTOP EN 1264234D JNJ MMM ALLTOP BUSINESS CONS CONSS COS GLOBALMACR INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIES LAW MAC MARKETS NORTHAM STK US WORLD WWTOP RH8MVRT0G1KW US Bankruptcy Judge Jeffrey J. Graham refused to temporarily halt the lawsuits accusing 3M and its bankrupt subsidiary, Aearo Technologies, of selling faulty combat earplugs that damaged the hearing of veterans who used them. US Bankruptcy Judge Michael Kaplan, who is based in Trenton, New Jersey, not far from J&J's headquarters, found that halting about 40,000 lawsuits against the health care giant was necessary to resolve the claims. [Extracted from the article]

Graham's decision upends 3M's decision to resolve the lawsuits, which are part of the federal multi-district litigation program, by putting Aearo in bankruptcy, where controversial rules sometimes allow parent companies to benefit by halting jury trials and settling their lawsuits in one place. Keywords: 1264234D; MMM; ALLTOP; BONTOP; BUSINESS; CONS; CONSS; COS; GLOBALMACR; INDUSTRIAL; INDUSTRIES; LAW; MAC; MARKETS; NORTHAM; STK; TOP; US; WORLD; WWTOP; WWTOPAM EN 1264234D MMM ALLTOP BONTOP BUSINESS CONS CONSS COS GLOBALMACR INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIES LAW MAC MARKETS NORTHAM STK TOP US WORLD WWTOP WWTOPAM RH8L8VT1UM0W US Bankruptcy Judge Jeffrey J. Graham refused to temporarily halt the lawsuits accusing 3M and its bankrupt subsidiary, Aearo Technologies, of selling faulty combat earplugs that damaged the hearing of veterans who used them. [Extracted from the article]

For years, the company's Antwerp, Belgium-based factory seeped contaminated groundwater into the 350-kilometer (217-mile) river that stretches from France, through Belgium, Netherlands and into the North Sea. Read: 3M Risks Criminal Charges for "Forever Chemicals" in Europe 3M's manufacturing activities over several decades caused widespread contamination in the area surrounding its Antwerp factory, Bloomberg Businessweek reported. (Bloomberg) -- The Netherlands government will hold chemical giant 3M legally responsible for "forever" pollution in the Dutch part of the Scheldt river. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- 3M Co. fired executive Michael Vale for "inappropriate personal conduct" and violating company policy less than a month after he was promoted to one of the manufacturer's top posts. Vale, a 30-year 3M veteran, had been named just three weeks ago to the new position of group president and chief business and country officer, overseeing three of the firm's four units. [Extracted from the article]