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Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are at high cardiovascular risk, and myocardial fibrosis (MF) accounts for most of their cardiac events. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic value and risk stratification of MF as measured by extracellular volume (ECV) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for heart failure (HF) in patients with hemodialysis-dependent ESRD.Methods: Sixty-six hemodialysis ESRD patients and 25 matched healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled and underwent CMR to quantify multiple parameters of MF by T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). All ESRD patients were followed up for 11-30 months, and the end-point met the 2016 ESC guidelines for the definition of HF.Results: Over a median follow-up of 18 months (range 11-30 months), there were 26 (39.39%) guideline-diagnosed HF patients in the entire cohort of ESRD subjects. The native T1 value was elongated, and ECV was enlarged in the HF cohort relative to the non-HF cohort and normal controls (native T1, 1360.10 ± 50.14 ms, 1319.39 ± 55.44 ms and 1276.35 ± 56.56 ms; ECV, 35.42 ± 4.42%, 31.85 ± 3.01% and 26.97 ± 1.87%; all p<0.05). In the cardiac strain analysis, ECV was significantly correlated with global radial strain (GRS) (r = - 0.501, p = 0.009), global circumferential strain (GCS) (r = 0.553, p = 0.005) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (r = 0.507, p = 0.008) in ESRD patients with HF. Cox proportional hazard regression models revealed that ECV (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.160, 95% confidence interval: 1.022 to 1.318, p = 0.022) was the only independent predictor of HF in ESRD patients. It also had a higher diagnostic accuracy for detecting MF (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.936; 95% confidence interval: 0.864 to 0.976) than native T1 and post T1 (all p ≤ 0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the high-ECV group had a shorter median overall survival time than the low-ECV group (18 months vs. 20 months, log-rank p = 0.046) and that ESRD patients with high ECV were more likely to have HF.Conclusions: Myocardial fibrosis quantification by ECV on CMR T1 mapping was shown to be an independent risk factor of heart failure, providing incremental prognostic value and risk stratification for cardiac events in ESRD patients.Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-DND-17012976, 13/12/2017, Retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in the evaluation of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)-associated extracardiac vascular abnormalities in pediatric patients compared with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).Methods: One hundred and twenty-three pediatric patients diagnosed with TOF were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent DSCT and TTE preoperatively. All associated extracardiac vascular abnormalities and their percentages were recorded. The diagnostic performances of DSCT and TTE were compared based on the surgical results. The image quality of DSCT was rated, and the effective radiation dose (ED) was calculated.Results: A total of 159 associated extracardiac vascular deformities were confirmed by surgery. Patent ductus arteriosus (36, 22.64%), right-sided aortic arch (29, 18.24%), and pulmonary valve stenosis (23, 14.47%) were the most common associated extracardiac vascular abnormalities. DSCT was superior to TTE in demonstrating associated extracardiac anomalies (diagnostic accuracy: 99.13% vs. 97.39%; sensitivity: 92.45% vs. 77.07%; specificity: 99.81% vs. 99.42%). The agreement on grading the image quality of DSCT was excellent (κ = 0.80), and the mean score of the image quality was 3.39 ± 0.50. The mean ED of DSCT was 0.86 ± 0.47 mSv.Conclusions: Compared to TTE, low-dose DSCT has high diagnostic accuracy in the depiction of associated extracardiac vascular anomalies in pediatric patients with TOF, and could provide more morphological details for surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) may induce epicardial coronary artery diseases and left ventricular myocardial damaging as well. Left ventricular dysfunction was found in DM2. In this research, we compared the left ventricular dysfunction of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as normal controls using the volume-time curve of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).Methods: Sixty-one CAD patients (28 with DM2 and 33 without DM2) and 18 normal individuals were enrolled in this study. Left ventricular function parameters, including the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (EDV, ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF), and morphologic dimension parameters (end diastolic and systolic diameter (EDD and ESD), were measured and compared. Volume-time curve parameters, including the peak ejection rate (PER), peak ejection time (PET), peak filling rate (PFR), peak filling time from ES (PFT), peak ejection rate normalized to EDV (PER/EDV), and peak filling rate normalized to EDV (PFR/EDV), were derived automatically and compared.Results: LVEF in the diabetic CAD group was markedly reduced when compared to the normal and CAD without DM2 groups (all p < 0.05). LVEDD of the diabetic CAD group was significantly enlarged compared to the normal and non-diabetic CAD groups (all p < 0.05). More importantly, the lowest parameters of the left ventricle volume time curve (i.e., PER, PFR, PER/EDV and PFR/EDV) were obtained in diabetic CAD patients (all p < 0.05). In diabetic CAD patients, logistic regression analysis indicated that PET, PFT and PFR/EDV were independent predictors of left ventricular dysfunction (odds ratio [OR]: 1.1208, 1.0161, and 0.0139, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of PET were 81.2 and 90%, respectively, when the threshold value was greater than 164.4 msec; for PFT, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.5 and 95.0%, respectively (criterion >166.0 msec). Higher sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (100.0%) were obtained for PFR/EDV (criterion ≤3.7EDV/s).Conclusions: Parameters that are derived from the volume-time curve on CMR, including PET, PFT and PFR/EDV, allow clinicians to predict left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic CAD subjects with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]