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Abstract Background The primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most commonly described fetal anastomosis between the carotid and vertebrobasilar circulations. Case presentation We report a 42-year-old patient presenting with internal carotid dissection, and imaging features of brainstem infarction. Conclusion Based on the imaging studies we presume occlusive carotid dissection with extensive thrombosis within a persistent trigeminal artery as the cause of this brainstem ischemia.