1. Validation and development of a shorter version of the resilience scale RS-11: results from the population-based KORA–age study
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Markus Zenger, Jens Baumert, Rebecca T. Emeny, Alexander von Eisenhart Rothe, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Sibylle Haefner, and Maria Elena Lacruz
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education.field_of_study ,Aging ,Psychometrics ,Scale (ratio) ,Resilience ,Psychological research ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Construct validity ,General Medicine ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Cronbach's alpha ,Mental health ,Statistics ,Psychological resilience ,education ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of the Resilience Scale 11 (RS-11) and develop a shorter scale in a population-based study. Methods The RS-11 scale was administered to 3942 participants (aged 64 – 94 years) of the KORA-Age study. To test reliability, factor analyses were carried out and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was measured. Construct validity was measured by correlating scores with psychological constructs. The criterion for a shorter scale was a minimum internal consistency of .80. Shorter models were compared using confirmatory factor analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of RS-5 to RS-11 was analyzed. Results Factor analysis of the RS-11 gave a 1-factor solution. Internal consistency was α = .86. A shorter version of the scale was developed with 5 items, which also gave a 1-factor solution and showed good validity. Internal consistency of this shorter scale: Resilience Scale 5 (RS-5) was α = .80. Sensitivity and specificity of RS-5 compared with RS-11 were .79 and .91 respectively. Both scales correlated significantly in expected directions with related constructs. Conclusions The RS-11 and the RS-5 are reliable, consistent and valid instruments to measure the ability of elderly individuals to successfully cope with change and misfortune.
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