5 results
Search Results
2. Examination of youth sexual and reproductive health transitions in Nigeria and Kenya using longitudinal data.
- Author
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Speizer, Ilene S., Guilkey, David, Calhoun, Lisa M., Corroon, Meghan, and O'Hara, Rick
- Subjects
REPRODUCTIVE health ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL transition ,HUMAN sexuality ,CONTRACEPTION ,HEALTH attitudes ,MARRIAGE ,POVERTY ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX education ,TEENAGE pregnancy - Abstract
Background: The adolescent (ages 15-19) and young adult (ages 20-24) years are a crucial time as many sexual and reproductive health (SRH) transitions take place in these years. The study of youth SRH transitions in sub-Saharan Africa is limited due to a paucity of longitudinal data needed to examine the timing and circumstances of these transitions.Methods: This paper uses recently collected longitudinal data from select urban areas in Kenya and Nigeria that include a large youth sample at baseline (2010/2011) and endline (2014). We control for unobserved heterogeneity in our modelling approach to correct for selectivity issues that are often ignored in similar types of analyses.Results: We demonstrate that the transition patterns (i.e., sexual initiation, first marriage, and first pregnancy/birth) differ within and across the urban areas and countries studied. Urban Kenyan youth have more premarital sex and pregnancy than youth from the Nigerian cities. Further analyses demonstrate that more educated and wealthier youth transition later than their less educated and poorer counterparts.Conclusions: The findings from this study can be used to inform programs seeking to serve young people based on their varying reproductive health needs in different contexts over the adolescent and young adult years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. W-DARE: a three-year program of participatory action research to improve the sexual and reproductive health of women with disabilities in the Philippines.
- Author
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Vaughan, Cathy, Zayas, Jerome, Devine, Alexandra, Gill-Atkinson, Liz, Marella, Manjula, Garcia, Joy, Bisda, Krissy, Salgado, Joy, Sobritchea, Carolyn, Edmonds, Tanya, Baker, Sally, Jesusa Marco, Ma., and Marco, Ma Jesusa
- Subjects
COMMUNITY-based participatory research ,WOMEN with disabilities ,SEXUAL health ,REPRODUCTIVE health ,MIXED methods research ,SEXUAL assault ,HEALTH ,SEX crime prevention ,VIOLENCE prevention ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,MEDICAL care for people with disabilities ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MEDICAL care research ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,POVERTY ,PATIENT participation ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,HUMAN services programs ,FAMILY planning - Abstract
Background: In many contexts, women with disability have less access to sexual and reproductive health information, screening, prevention, and care services than women without disability. Women with disability are also known to be more likely to experience physical and sexual violence than women without disability. In the Philippines, health service providers often have little awareness of the sexual and reproductive experiences of women with disability and limited capacity to provide services in response to their needs. Very limited data are available to inform development of disability-inclusive sexual and reproductive health, and violence prevention and response, services in the country. This paper presents the protocol for W-DARE (Women with Disability taking Action on REproductive and sexual health), a three-year program of participatory action research that aims to improve the sexual and reproductive health of women with disability in the Philippines.Design: W-DARE is a disability-inclusive program that will use mixed methods to 1) increase understanding of factors influencing the sexual and reproductive health of women with disability, and 2) develop, implement and evaluate local interventions to increase supply of and demand for services. W-DARE will generate data on the prevalence of disability in two districts; the wellbeing and community participation of people with and without disability, and identify barriers to community; and describe the sexual and reproductive health needs and experiences, and service-related experiences of women with disability. These data will inform the development and evaluation of interventions aiming to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services, and violence prevention and response services, for women with disability. Local women with disabilities, their representative organisations, and SRH service providers will be involved as members of the research team across all stages of the research.Discussion: This three-year study will provide evidence about factors undermining the sexual and reproductive health of women with disability in a lower-middle income country, and provide new insights about what may be effective in increasing access to services in settings of limited resources. Findings will be relevant across Asia and the Pacific. Analysis of the program will also provide evidence about disability-inclusion in participatory action research approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Perceptions of minimum age at marriage laws and their enforcement: qualitative evidence from Malawi
- Author
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Nancy Mulauzi, James Mkandawire, Sajeda Amin, and Andrea J. Melnikas
- Subjects
Adult ,Malawi ,Adolescent ,Sexual Behavior ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Legislation ,Age at marriage laws ,Pregnancy ,Child marriage ,0502 economics and business ,Humans ,Medicine ,Girl ,Marriage ,050207 economics ,Child ,Enforcement ,Qualitative Research ,Reproductive health ,media_common ,Poverty ,Unintended consequences ,business.industry ,Research ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Focus group ,050902 family studies ,Law ,Female ,Perception ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,0509 other social sciences ,Qualitative ,business - Abstract
Background Child marriage in Malawi is a significant problem with 42.1% of women 20–24 married by age 18. In 2017 the Malawi government formalized legislation to make marriage under age 18 illegal; violators are subject to fines. While leveraging laws to reduce child marriage is common, the enactment of laws and their enforcement has led to some novel practices. One such practice observed in Malawi is marriage withdrawal, where the community intervenes when a child marriage has taken place to force the girl to return to her natal home. Methods This paper is a qualitative analysis of perceptions regarding marriage withdrawal. We conducted focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with married and unmarried adolescents, parents of adolescents, and key community members in Mangochi and Nkhata Bay. Data were collected as part of an evaluation of the More Than Brides Alliance program aimed at delaying marriage and improving access to sexual and reproductive health services in Malawi. Results The knowledge that violation of marriage laws entails substantial fines is widespread and marriage withdrawals are seen by some respondents as a way of enforcing the spirit of child marriage laws while avoiding fines. Some respondents suggest that enforcement of marriage laws has an unintended effect of driving marriages underground. One important disconnect between the laws and the realities of child marriage practices in these communities is that the law holds parents responsible for the marriage and for preventing it, while parents do not necessarily exercise control, particularly when the marriage is precipitated by pregnancy. While parents and other adults view withdrawals as an acceptable resolution of a problematic child marriage, girls noted many drawbacks for withdrawn girls such as stigma and limited education and livelihood opportunities once withdrawn. Conclusions Our exploration of perceptions about marriage laws suggest that the imposition of fines may have some unintended consequences, both driving the practice underground and encouraging practices to evade fines, and may be associated with unintended consequences for adolescent girls. Programs to address child marriage should include other approaches that address more distal drivers including poverty and lack of alternatives to child marriage. Trial registration This work is part of an RCT registered August 4, 2016 in the AEA RCT registry identified as: AEARCTR-0001463. See: https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/1463
- Published
- 2021
5. Examination of youth sexual and reproductive health transitions in Nigeria and Kenya using longitudinal data
- Author
-
Ilene S, Speizer, David, Guilkey, Lisa M, Calhoun, Meghan, Corroon, and Rick, O'Hara
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Youth ,Adolescent ,Sexual Behavior ,Nigeria ,Sex Education ,Kenya ,Young Adult ,Reproductive Health ,Pregnancy ,Pregnancy in Adolescence ,Humans ,Urban ,Female ,Marriage ,Sexual initiation ,Attitude to Health ,Contraception Behavior ,Poverty ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The adolescent (ages 15–19) and young adult (ages 20–24) years are a crucial time as many sexual and reproductive health (SRH) transitions take place in these years. The study of youth SRH transitions in sub-Saharan Africa is limited due to a paucity of longitudinal data needed to examine the timing and circumstances of these transitions. Methods This paper uses recently collected longitudinal data from select urban areas in Kenya and Nigeria that include a large youth sample at baseline (2010/2011) and endline (2014). We control for unobserved heterogeneity in our modelling approach to correct for selectivity issues that are often ignored in similar types of analyses. Results We demonstrate that the transition patterns (i.e., sexual initiation, first marriage, and first pregnancy/birth) differ within and across the urban areas and countries studied. Urban Kenyan youth have more premarital sex and pregnancy than youth from the Nigerian cities. Further analyses demonstrate that more educated and wealthier youth transition later than their less educated and poorer counterparts. Conclusions The findings from this study can be used to inform programs seeking to serve young people based on their varying reproductive health needs in different contexts over the adolescent and young adult years.
- Published
- 2016
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