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Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome also known as anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder characterised by developmental dystrophies of ectodermal derivatives. It is characterised by triad of signs comprising sparse hair, abnormal or missing teeth and inability to sweat. Anodontia or hypodontia is the most striking dental manifestation. In severe hypodontia, there is lack of alveolar development with consequent protrusion and eversion of the lips. The case of three children with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with partial anodontia is presented. Dental, oral and physical features were taken into consideration in diagnosis and different treatment modalities for this patient. Clinical management consisted of removable partial prosthesis in maxillary arch and complete denture prosthesis in mandibular arch. The main aim of the treatment was to improve psychological development and to promote better functioning of the stomatognathic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Special needs individuals are children or adults who are prevented by a physical or mental condition from full participation in the normal range of activities of their age groups. They usually exhibit high treatment needs because of an increased prevalence and severity of trauma. This paper presents a case report and review of treatment strategy of repositioning, splinting of permanent incisors in a 13-year-old boy with Down's syndrome sustaining trauma led to intrusive luxation of maxillary incisors. The intruded incisors were immediately repositioned and splinted with composite within hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Happy Puppet syndrome is characterised by a partial deficit of paired autosomal chromosome 15. It is a neuro-genetic disorder characterised by intellectual and developmental delay, sleep disturbance, seizures, jerky movements (especially hand-flapping), frequent laughter or smiling and usually a happy demeanour. It is also called as Angelman syndrome (AS). People with AS are sometimes known as 'angels', both because of the syndrome's name and because of their youthful, happy appearance. A 6.5-year-old girl is presented and clinical suspicion of AS was raised at the age of 4 years when she presented with mental retardation and epilepsy, absence of speech, inability to gait and unprovoked episodes of laughter. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation chromosomal analysis revealed micro deletion on the maternally derived allele of 15q chromosome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition strongly associated with the practice of chewing areca nut, a habit common among South Asian population. It is characterised by inflammation, increased deposition of submucosal collagen and formation of fibrotic bands in the oral and paraoral tissues, which increasingly limit mouth opening. A case of OSMF occurring in a 9-year-old Indian girl is presented. This paper discusses the aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment modalities of oral submucous fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]