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Objective To evaluate the viability of leveraging an existing screening programme (the South African Diabetes Prevention Programme (SA-DPP)) to screen for chronic kidney disease (CKD), by assessing the yield of CKD cases among those participating in the programme.Design Observational study conducted between 2017 and 2019.Setting 16 resource–poor communities in Cape Town, South Africa.Participants 690 participants, aged between 25 and 65 years, identified as at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by the African Diabetes Risk Score.Primary outcome measure The prevalence of CKD among those participating in the SA-DPP.Results Of the 2173 individuals screened in the community, 690 participants underwent further testing. Of these participants, 9.6% (n=66) and 18.1% (n=125) had screen-detected T2DM and CKD (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of3 mg/mmol), respectively. Of those with CKD, 73.6% (n=92), 17.6% (n=22) and 8.8% (n=11) presented with stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Of the participants with an eGFR