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This paper highlights the necessary integration between the study of the landscape and the system of urban public open spaces for city planning and management. Its objective is to analyze and characterize the landscape of the neighborhood of Bairro Efapi - Chapecó-SC, showing the constitution of its public free spaces as an articulating element of the city. The methodological approach, carried out through field surveys and mapping by geoprocessing, is structured in the analysis of a macro planning units and their subdivisions into Landscape Units (UP). The results show that the characterization of the six Landscape Units showed that the ecological and cultural problems of land use and occupation are worsening, given the urban expansion of a housing nature, intensified by the implementation of large industrial and institutional structures. The public free spaces identified were the street, the green area and the square, which are insufficient to meet the needs of the local population, as well as constituting a system capable of mediating the impacts of urbanization. The urban requalification strategies are therefore focused on the articulation of public open spaces with ecological sensitive protection areas, such as APPs, Green Areas and private vegetated areas, through the landscape requalification of the road system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capitalism, while achieving its top in this beginning of century, presents great challenges to humankind, especially for people living in cities and who is confronted to its contradictions in daily life. The transformations of urbanisation have been producing a perverted logics of development that combines increase of consumption in/of cities and reproduction of socio-spatial inequalities. That intensifies processes of differentiation. Considering the dialectical contradictions manifested in politics and economy, with full clear spatial manifestations, we propose: a (counter)development as a way of struggle against spatial inequalities and injustices; and the seek for the right to city as a revolutionary struggle. This plan is built from the analysis of a set of interconnected themes that emerge from research and reflection activities. The text is presented as a synthesis of reflections built up in group researches, being itself a theoretical-methodological research agenda. Because of this, the text is focused in the construction of a thought on city and urban from a nonexhaustive set of themes that we consider important reading keys of the current time-space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, in view of the political, economic and socio-cultural transformations that Tocantins has undergone after its political separation from the state of Goiás, its insertion in the Eastern Amazon and the establishment of its state capital, Palmas, in 1989, seeks to understand the relationship between urbanization, migration and the urban network, taking into account the new functions and new urban roles played by the main centers of this urban network segment. For that, data from the Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics of 1991, 2000 and 2010 were used and maps were produced using ARCGIS to make a spatial analysis. In just 21 years the population growth rate of some municipalities of Tocantins has increased considerably, especially that of Palmas, which in addition to attracting migrants of different origins had its regional role expanded and its urban functions took on a larger dimension, enlarging its centrality. On the other hand, some municipalities had a population decrease due to territorial losses, and soon they assumed a smaller size and felt changes in their regional roles. For all this, a study like this can be useful to the public authorities involved with Regional Planning, since it deals with issues essential to the minimization of municipal inequalities or even so that they are not aggravated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the contribution of the localities, or communities, to the configuration of the urban network in the Brazilian Amazon. The theoretical framework is based on the extended urbanization concept, comprising spatial units with different territorial occupation typology. It is presented a study of the communities located in the southwestern part of the state of Pará as nodes of an urban network on a local scale. Besides the characterization and hierarchy, it was also verified if the nodes classification varies according to the spatial context: communities inside or outside a conservation unit (UC); or located along rivers (riverside) or roads (roadside). From 2009 to 2015, annual field trips allowed the characterization of 236 communities regarding the population origin and organization, the presence of urban infrastructure and equipment, the access to health and education services, and the land use forms, that were summarized in 28 variables. The multivariate statistical evaluation (Hotelling's T² test) indicated that communities inside an UC presented variables mean values significantly different from those outside. This emphasizes the importance of land use regulation for general community conditions. The fuzzy inference for statistical groupings analysis indicated five clusters, ranked according to the communities' conditions from best (Fuzzy 1) to worse (Fuzzy 5) conditions, identified by the variables. These clusters were described and evaluated considering their temporal evolution, geographical distribution and the variables importance, and were also compared to previous studies. The higher frequency of roadside communities in cluster Fuzzy 1, in opposition to the higher frequency of riverside communities in Fuzzy 5 and Fuzzy 2 (of intermediate conditions) indicated that roadside communities were better structured than riverside ones. These results portray the communities as elements of common and particular aspects, in a hierarchical typology of their attributes, providing useful information for the definition of regional conservation and sustainability policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian Amazon, even though internationally known for the exuberance of its natural ecosystem and its traditional communities, has been undergoing intense urbanization process, which is leading to significant population growth of intermediate cities of regional urban network, among other consequences. This study aims to investigate whether this urbanization, like other cities in Brazil, is promoting urban sprawl or not in an important sub-regional center in the Amazon region, Altamira, seeking to identify factors that contribute to the occurrence of the phenomenon. It also aims to determine whether, in this process, there is some significant change in the configuration of intra-urban structure of the city. The review of literature found that the research on urban sprawl is already significant in large cities, but it is still scarce in intermediate cities in the urban network, hence the importance of the contribution of this work to the literature on the subject. The empirical analysis was based upon the construction of a geographic information system (GIS), which integrated spatial information with statistical data from demographic censuses of 2000 and 2010, as well as field research. The paper concludes that there was intense process of urban sprawl in Altamira between 2000 and 2010 without significant changes in the configuration of intra-urban structure, and that the emphasis on horizontal real estate projects aimed at high-income families as the main cause of urban sprawl, needs to be reviewed in the case of intermediate cities. It is also necessary to give importance to other factors such as: the implementation of human settlements in the outskirts for classes of low and medium-low incomes; the new forms of urban mobility that are being used by families residing in these locations; and the effects of reducing the average number of people per household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth and expansion of urban areas need public policies that enable the management of land use and occupation, and practices that enable a rational urbanization of areas, matching the anthropogenic elements with the natural attributes. Geographic Information Systems have contributed in studies that assess the growth of urbanization on the natural environment, considering attributes related to landscape quality. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in landscape quality, using as parameter the Landscape Quality Index (IQP), at "Saco da Fazenda" region, Itajaí / SC, between the periods 1938 and 2013. For this we used aerial photographs for the years 1938, 1957, 1978, 1995 and 2004, in the form of georeferenced mosaics, and georeferenced satellite images for the years 2009 and 2013. The classification of the images was done manually using 10 classes. The results of the IQP (Landscape Quality Index) for the period analyzed was a landscape quality "Medium" for the study area, but in a possible replication of this work in future years, can change the results of the landscape quality of this region to "Low". This condition is related to an extension of the socioeconomic classes on the remaining areas of herbaceous vegetation, bare soil and floodplain, which may cause the exhaustion of the landscape. In this work we observed changes in the landscape quality of the evaluated region, indicating a possible degradation. Previous assessments of landscape quality can contribute to the planning of the expansion of urban areas, allowing a better match of interventions, reducing the negative impacts on the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the formation process of the production of information geared to media activity. The expansion and consolidation of the agents of production of media information in the Triangulo Mineiro, especially in Uberlândia, are linked to the convergent process of investment of the state and private companies, which attracted capital to sustain socioeconomic development. In this sense, we will briefly discuss the possible periodization of the media in the city of Uberlândia paths, identifying the political and economic strategies of companies as well as their connection with the government. From state policies, the displacement and the integration of the territory (through communication) emerges a complex with contributions of art, science and information. The survey was developed by consulting the newspapers and magazines of the second half of the twentieth century, as well as academic papers prepared at the Institute of History, Federal University of Uberlândia. I hope to offer a contribution to identify how media information was consolidated in the city. In turn, the article reveals that given the political strategies of the time, some economic agents had the goal to transform the city should welcome vectors of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main part of the Brazilian municipalities, 80,4%, is considered as small. This proportion is even higher in Paraná state because 83,0% of the municipal centers has less than 20.000 inhabitants (IBGE, 2010). By evaluating these data, it is verified the representative and significant role of these small municipalities in the state and also national context. Although the scientific research related to this part of the urban has been treated intensely in the recent years, its daily routine is still little explored and known by the science. This condition motivates and justifies the study. This paper has the objective of presenting historical-social aspects of three small municipalities of the Micro-region of Campo Mourão, Paraná state, Brazil -- Peabiru, Araruna and Engenheiro Beltrão in order to understand what determined their current condition and identify potential and future needs. The three mentioned municipalities registered the first occupations in the 1940s and 1950s, mainly due to the policies of expanding agricultural frontiers; and had population peaks in the 1970s; however after this period, they recorded significant and continuous population decrease due to the modernization of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pluvial erosion is a geomorphological process of withdrawal, transport and deposition of soil materials, which can be intensified by agricultural and urban anthropic activities. In this understanding, studies about the fragility of erosive processes are important for the prognosis and diagnosis of the environment. For this reason, this study has the objective of discussing the fragility of erosion processes in watersheds where the urban core of Marechal Cândido Rondon, in Paraná State, is located. The city has soils of clayey textures of basaltic origin and prevalence of mild to undulate forms of relief, which allows relative stability to erosion processes. However, with the intensification of urban growth started from the 1970s, there has been an increase of fragility to erosion in the unity, due to impermeability and to the building of blocks in the form of a chessboard. The results obtained by the characterization and mapping of the erosive forms allowed the identification of the main causes and consequences of the fragility to erosion processes in Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]