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The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe hauseri Werderm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) are discussed. Based on available morphological evidence we regard K. hauseri as an accepted, but insufficiently known Angolan species, and do not include it in the synonymy of K. scapigera Welw. The plant collecting activities of Friedrich [Martin Joseph] Welwitsch in Angola are briefly discussed.

The natural geographical distribution range of Kalanchoe waterbergensis van Jaarsv. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), previously documented only from the type locality, is extended by about 80km in a northeasterly direction in the Waterberg in northern South Africa.

Aspects of the floristics and phytogeography of species of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg, Limpopo province, northern South Africa, are discussed. In 2001 the Waterberg, which covers an area of 654,033ha (1,616,150.74 acres), was recognised as a Biosphere Reserve. It is shown that after eastern southern Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, eastern Limpopo, South Africa; Eswatini (formerly) Swaziland; southern Mozambique), the Waterberg has the most diverse Kalanchoe flora in southern Africa. A floristic synopsis of, and an identification key to, the kalanchoes of the Waterberg is presented. All the species are described and illustrated.

Summary: The nomenclature associated with the name Aloe greenii is reviewed. The name was validly published in 1875 by William Robinson, and five years later, in 1880, the same binomial was republished by John G. Baker for what is today interpreted as a maculate aloe endemic to eastern southern Africa. The name A. greenii Baker is therefore a later homonym of A. greenii Rob. However, the descriptive statement included in the protologue of A. greenii Rob. is inadequate to confidently restrict the use of this name to any known species, and its application remains unresolved. A replacement name, A. viridiana Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, is here published for material thus far known as A. greenii Baker.

The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of the genus Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae) is reviewed, with special reference to the southern African representatives of the genus. Three subgenera are recognised: Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe, K. subg. Bryophyllum (Salisb.) Koorders, the basionym of which is Bryophyllum Salisb., and K. subg. Kitchingia (Baker) Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, the basionym of which is Kitchingia Baker. Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia is here typified. Kalanchoe subg. Calophygia Desc. is not upheld.

The nothogeneric name ×Gonimara Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno is established for the hybrid between Gonialoe variegata (L.) Boatwr. & J.C.Manning [= Aloe variegata L.] and Kumara plicatilis (L.) G.D.Rowley [= Aloe plicatilis (L.) Burm.f.]. We do not treat Tulista Raf. as including Gonialoe (Baker) Boatwr. & J.C.Manning. The nothogeneric name ×Kumalista G.D.Rowley, in which ×K. corderoyi (A.Berger) G.D.Rowley was included, is therefore a synonym of ×Gonimara, and ×K. corderoyi, the only nothospecies known in ×Gonimara, is a synonym of ×G. corderoyi (A.Berger) Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno. We also provide notes on, and clarify the typification of, the name Aloe variegata, the basionym of Gonialoe variegata.

A small, shrubby representative of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae) that is in cultivation in South Africa is described as a cultivar, K. ‘Margrit's Magic’ Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo. The likely parentage (K. manginii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier and K. pubescens Baker) of the cultivar, although speculative, is discussed. Unlike some similar cultivars, K. ‘Margrit's Magic’ does extremely well terrestrially, in virtually any soil type, even heavy clays. The cultivar is very cold-hardy and has striking foliage and flowers. Plants are multibranched, with the branches remaining erect to somewhat leaning. The coin- to heart-shaped leaves of this cultivar are borne sub-densely dispersed along the stems and branches. They are bright green with a reddish margin, which becomes more pronounced in full sun. The flowers are uniformly crimson red. The combination of these characters clearly separates this cultivar from other Kalanchoe cultivars.

Cultivars established in the three nothogenera ×Graptophytum Gossot, ×Graptoveria Gossot, and ×Pachyveria Haage & Schmidt (Crassulaceae) have entered specialist and general horticulture, and are increasingly and widely cultivated, especially in mild-climate parts of the world. However, uncertainty has existed regarding the place of valid publication and authorship of two of these nothogenus names ×Graptophytum Gossot and ×Graptoveria Gossot. We show that both names were validly published in a littleknown book, Liste des Plantes Grasses sauf Cactees du Jardin Botanique des Cedres, which was published by J. Marnier-Lapostolle in 1949. Both names should be attributed to [Pierre] Gossot. ×Pachyveria was validly published by Haage & Schmidt in 1926. Notes are included on the author attribution ‘Haage & Schmidt’.

A number of species of South African Aizoaceae / Mesembryanthemaceae have become naturalised in both continental Portugal and its islands. One such species, Lampranthus glaucus (L.) N.E.Br., was once recorded as indigenous to the Algarve province in southern Portugal (as Mesembryanthemum brachyphyllum Welw.), and historically also recorded from further north in the country, near the coastal city of Porto. As one consequence it was eventually recorded as an exotic species in Europe, in the first edition of Flora europaea, and as a misidentification in the second edition of this work. We clarify the identity of this material, with notes on other exotic aizooid species recorded for Portugal.

The most commonly cultivated member of the Crassulaceae in southern Africa is a hybrid between representatives of the genera Graptopetalum Rose and Echeveria DC., in the nothogenus ×Graptoveria Gossot. However, to date there has been doubt as to the name that should be applied to this hybrid. Plants form distinct stems that are unable to retain the rosettes in an erect position, so becoming pendent, or creeping when grown on flat ground. The leaves of this ×Graptoveria are borne in dense, apical rosettes, have an obovate-spathulate shape, and are sometimes obscurely keeled. They are light glaucous-grey and pink-infused in full sun, and the margin is a lighter, whitish blue colour. The flowers are light yellow, with the central section of the petals longitudinally light greenish infused. The combination of these characters clearly separates this hybrid from any Crassulaceae taxa indigenous to southern Africa. The parentage of the hybrid has been postulated as E. elegans Rose and G. paraguayense (N.E.Br.) E.Walther. This hybrid is exceedingly common in southern African horticulture; however, it has not become invasive after many decades of cultivation, and shows no signs of becoming problematical. The history and nomenclature applicable to the hybrid are clarified, and the cultivar name ×Graptoveria ‘Fantome’ Aube ex Gideon F.Sm. & Bischofb. is established for it.

An overview is provided of the contributions of Friedrich Welwitsch (1806–1872), to the development of horticulture in Portugal while he was stationed in this country (1839–1853), with special reference to succulent plants. Welwitsch is best known for his collecting and floristic work in Angola in south-tropical Africa, but he also significantly contributed to the enhancement of general gardening in Portugal, his adopted country. Some of the material he collected in Angola as living propagules made their way into cultivation in Portugal. Information is also provided on two forgotten Portuguese personalities commemorated in the names of two genera Welwitsch described: one, Bento Antonio Alves, was a nurseryman, and the other, Joaquim Januario de Saldanha Machado, a succulent plant grower. The two little-known genus names are Alvesia Welw. (Leguminosae) and Machadoa Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. (Passifloraceae). Notes are provided on Welwitsch's interest in succulent plants in general.

Summary: The homotypic nomenclature of the name Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae), a Madagascan species widely naturalised in mild-climate parts of the world, is clarified. Four years before Lamarck in 1786 published the basionym, Cotyledon pinnata, of Persoon's combination, Linnaeus [filius], in 1782, published the name Crassula pinnata L.f. We show that the name Crassula pinnata, which is sometimes incorrectly cited as the basionym of Persoon's combination, is of unresolved application.

Summary: We provide information on the discovery of the material known as Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa, and clarify the typification of the name Kalanchoe rotundifolia. The plate held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, which was previously designated as the lectotype of the name, is in fact a neotype. This plate, published here for the first time, illustrates the staghornleaved form of the species.

Summary: Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier is recorded as naturalised in the Western Cape Province in South Africa's Klein Karoo, which is a recognised Centre of Endemism. The taxonomy, nomenclature, and biology of K. fedtschenkoi, a low-growing, shrub-like species that produces a multitude of plantlets on the margins of detached leaves, is discussed, and the species is described and illustrated.

Summary: In southern Africa, the family Crassulaceae consists predominantly of low-growing to medium-sized succulent herbs and shrubs, with only four taxa (three species and a subspecies) attaining tree-like dimensions. We discuss the taxonomy of the three tree-like taxa in the genus Crassula L. (Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens, C. arborescens subsp. undulatifolia Toelken, and Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce) that have been accorded National Tree List numbers in South Africa. The species are described, illustrated, and their geographical distribution ranges are mapped. A key to differentiate the taxa is provided.

Summary: The nothogeneric name ×Astrolista Molteno & Figueiredo is established for the naturally occurring hybrid between Astroloba corrugata N.L.Mey. & Gideon F.Sm. and Tulista pumila (L.) G.D.Rowley. The only nothospecies we recognise in ×Astrolista is ×A. bicarinata (Haw.) Molteno & Figueiredo. The plate held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, which was previously designated as the lectotype of the name Apicra bicarinata, is in fact a neotype. This plate is here published for the first time.

Summary: In 1920, William Trelease published the name Agave panamana Trel. (Asparagaceae: Agavoideae / Agavaceae) based on material from Urava Island (Isla Uraba), Panama Bay, along the Pacific coast of Panama. This name is nowadays usually included in the synonymy of the very variable A. angustifolia Haw. [var. angustifolia]. A. panamana is here illustrated and its description comprehensively amplified to enable its comparison with A. angustifolia. Reference is made to the uses and considerable morphological variation found in A. angustifolia.

Summary: The taxonomy of Kalanchoe brachyloba Welw. ex Britten, a common species in the western, central, northern, and eastern parts of southern Africa, and further north to central Africa, is reviewed. Although having affinities with K. paniculata Harv., K. brachyloba is a distinctive species characterised by its sessile, arched, oblong-lanceolate leaves that are lengthwise-folded upwards along the midrib, and have a velvety feel to the surface. The leaf margins are coarsely and irregularly serrate-lobed to crenate, rarely entire as in K. paniculata, which has flat to variously floppily folded, subcircular to broadly ovate leaves. K. brachyloba is one of the few southern African species of which the flowers are twisted below the free portions (lobes) of the petals. An amplified description and a distribution map are provided for the species. The name K. brachyloba is lectotypified, and the typification of several of its synonyms is clarified.

Summary: The taxonomy of Kalanchoe longiflora Schltr. ex J.M.Wood (Crassulaceae), which is endemic to the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism in South Africa, is discussed and clarified. An amplified description is provided for the species, and differences from K. sexangularis N.E.Br., a species with which it has been confused in the past, are recorded.

Summary: Biographical information is provided on Antonio de Figueiredo Gomes e Sousa, an agronomist and succulent plant specialist from Portugal, who spent many years working and collecting in Mozambique, a former Portuguese colony in Africa. He was inter alia responsible for bringing the well-publicised Mount Mabu in Mozambique to the attention of the scientific world more than 50 years ago.

As part of ongoing studies in the genus Astroloba Uitewaal (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), the typification of the name A. herrei Uitewaal is clarified. The name is typified with an illustration included in the protologue of the name, as the previously designated lectotype is not extant.

The lectotypification of the name Bryophyllum prolifera Bowie ex Hook., basionym of Kalanchoe prolifera (Bowie ex Hook.) Raym.-Hamet, with a specimen (Hort. Kew, 1857, Madagascar, s.c. s.n. (K K000232802) held at the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) is clarified. Previous efforts to typify the name have not been effective. This Madagascan species has been introduced to most tropical parts of the world where it often became naturalised.

Austrocylindropuntia vestita (Salm-Dyck) Backeb. (syn. Opuntia vestita Salm-Dyck) is for the first time recorded as naturalised in the Western Cape province in South Africa's Little Karoo, which is a recognised Centre of Endemism. This shrub-like species that has its branches densely enveloped in white, intertwined hairs is described and illustrated.

Summary: Furcraea selloana K.Koch (Asparagaceae subfam. Agavoideae / Agavaceae), specifically its yellow leaf-margined form, is recorded for the first time as having become naturalised in South Africa in the mild climate of Eastern Cape Province. Illustrations and a description of this form in South Africa are provided. It is compared with Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. and F. tuberosa (Mill.) W.T.Aiton, the two other species of Furcraea Vent. naturalised in the country.

A number of species of Yucca L. (Agavaceae) have gained considerable popularity in mild-climate horticulture the world over. Two such large-growing, arborescent species are especially popular in regions where they can be planted outdoors, for example in regions experiencing tropical, subtropical, Mediterranean, and even some temperate, climates, while one of them is also popular as an indoor plant in regions with a similar, or more severe, continental-type, climate. Three names, Yucca gigantea Lem. (1859), Yucca guatemalensis Baker (1872), and Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. (1902) are applied to these two species. However, it has also been suggested that these three names all refer to a single entity. If so interpreted, the name that has priority, and must therefore be adopted, is Yucca gigantea, with Yucca elephantipes and Yucca guatemalensis being synonyms. We propose that the differences between Yucca guatemalensis, the publication date of which precedes that of Yucca elephantipes, and Yucca gigantea warrant their separate recognition, with Yucca elephantipes being synonymous with Y. guatemalensis.

Summary: A new Kalanchoe species, K. winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters, is described from rocky grasslands of the Wolkberg region of Limpopo province, South Africa. The species is closely allied to both K. thyrsiflora Harv. and K. luciae Raym.-Hamet, from which it is readily separable on vegetative and reproductive characteristics.

Aloe candelabrum A.Berger (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), a stately, single-stemmed species from the KwaZulu-Natal province in eastern South Africa, which had been included in the synonymy of A. ferox Mill. for some years, is reinstated. The entire distribution range of A. candelabrum falls within the Maputoland-Pondoland Region of Endemism on the eastern seaboard of South Africa. In contrast, Aloe ferox occurs widely in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa, the southern Free State province, as well as southern Lesotho. It does not occur in KwaZulu-Natal.

In continental Portugal, Sedum mucizonia (Ortega) Raym.-Hamet (Crassulaceae), a miniature, annual succulent, is known to occur especially in southern and central-western coastal areas, as well as along the central- and southeastern border between Portugal and Spain. Current records indicate that its northwestern-most limit in central Portugal is in the Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros, in the province of Estremadura. With at least 35% of the Crassulaceae species known from Portugal having been recorded from this region, it is established as a significant present-day centre of diversity for the family in the country. In addition to a distribution map for S. mucizonia in central continental Portugal, illustrations of the species are provided for the various locations from which the species has been collected in that part of the country. We also establish beyond doubt the location of the type locality of S. mucizonia, which is at San Sebastian, near Puertollano in the province of Ciudad Real, in Spain.

The taxonomy of Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br. (Crassulaceae), a common southern Africa species, is clarified. We interpret K. sexangularis as consisting of two varieties, K. sexangularis var. sexangularis and K. sexangularis var. intermedia (R.Fern.) R.Fern. An amplified description is provided for the species and differences between the two varieties are noted. The type specimen, Thorncroft s.n. (K, holo-), which is to be associated with Kalanchoe sexangularis var. sexangularis, is established.

Collections of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) made by Friedrich Wilms (1848–1919) are analysed. The identity of material described as Aloe wilmsii Diels ex Hausen about 120 years ago is clarified. This long-overlooked name belongs in the synonymy of Aloe arborescens Mill. The original specimens, also collected by Wilms, on which the names A. affinis A.Berger and A. cinnabarina Diels ex A.Berger are based, are discussed. Lectotypes are designated for A. wilmsii, A. affinis, and A. cinnabarina. Biographical information is provided on Wilms who is commemorated in the specific epithet of Aloe wilmsii.

For three species of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), A. canis S.Lane, A. suffulta Reynolds, and A. lateritia Engl., which are rare in Malawi, detailed habitat information is given to facilitate their recollection in that country. Aloe canis, a Malawian endemic, was observed at three localities in the 1970s by T.P. Campbell-Barker and published as new by S. Lane in 1991; it now may be extinct in the wild in Malawi but, as far as we could ascertain, has persisted ex situ as a single plant in cultivation. Aloe suffulta from Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and South Africa was collected in Malawi only once in the 1970s by T.P. Campbell-Barker, and A. lateritia from Kenya and Tanzania only twice during 1967–68 by B.J. Hargreaves, and in 1991 by P. Downs (†). These collections of A. suffulta and A. lateritia were not supported by preserved specimens.

The natural hybrid between Aloe africana Mill. and A. ferox Mill. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), which is common in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa where the natural geographical distribution ranges of these two species overlap, is described as Aloe ×eileeniae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo.

The geographical distribution range of Sedum acre L. (Crassulaceae), a small-growing European species of Crassulaceae, is extended in a southerly direction in the interior of central Portugal.

The mild climate of the central west coast of Portugal has made it predisposed to exotic plants becoming established and eventually invasive in the natural macchia vegetation. Here we record the occurrence of 34 succulents, representing eight families, as forming part of the alien flora of the region. Twenty of these are naturalised and 14 are casuals. Five taxa of succulent plants that are widely cultivated are also catalogued, given the propensity of these plants to become pests. Most of these exotic succulents are illustrated to ease identification.

A number of large-growing species of Agave L. have become naturalised in southern Africa. One of these, the blue-leaved Agave americana L. (subsp. americana) var. americana, can take on colossal proportions. Agave weberi J.F.Cels ex J.Poiss. has a similar general appearance and also attains very large rosette and inflorescence dimensions. It is often confused with A. americana, and has comparable invasive tendencies. We give the differences between these two species, and provide an amplified description of A. weberi. For the first time we illustrate the flowers of this species, which often produces an inflorescence of over 10m tall. Nomenclatural information is provided on Agave franceschiana Trel. ex A.Berger and Agave neglecta Small, synonyms of Agave weberi.

Plants matching the concept for Aloe monteiroae Baker, for long considered as an imperfectly known species, have been discovered at Komatipoort, about 50km west of the type locality. Observations in situ and in subsequent cultivation reveal a remarkable plasticity of leaf and inflorescence form, including the production of short, simple racemes. We conclude that the holotype of A. monteiroae, prepared from a plant cultivated at Kew but originating at Delagoa Bay (Maputo Bay), Mozambique, most likely represents a depauperate form of the highly variable Aloe parvibracteata Schonland. The widely used substantive epithet ‘monteiroi’ is amended to ‘monteiroae’ to correct an orthographic error. The name Aloe monteiroae Baker predates the name Aloe parvibracteata and should therefore be adopted for the species. However, for the sake of nomenclatural stability, a conservation proposal has been submitted to Taxon to prevent the familiar name Aloe parvibracteata from being replaced by the relatively obscure name Aloe monteiroae.

The planting of succulents to protect homesteads from lightning, hail, storms and other environmental / spiritual calamities has been recorded from regions that are widely separated geographically. Two such cultures so employing these charm plants are distinct and apparently have not had contact until several centuries ago. A number of taxa are used as protective charms in South Africa's kwaZulu-Natal province, with many being succulent-leaved and of rosulate growth form. In continental Europe and the United kingdom, a small selection of material is even now deliberately cultivated for house protection. We note that the rosulate leaf arrangement is a character shared by some of the species used in South Africa (e.g. Haworthiopsis limifolia (Marloth) G.D.Rowley; Gasteria croucheri Baker), and the widely used European common houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum L.), which has a similar, tectate vegetative morphology. We suggest reasons for the apparent preference for using rosulate leaf succulents as charms to protect houses and their occupants.

We show that seven of nine previously overlooked names recently recorded as validly published in Agave L. (Agavaceae / Asparagaceae) only add to the already substantial nomenclatural burden of the genus. In one case, that of A. leopoldii [as “Leopoldea”] Rafarin, which was published in 1874 in the Revue Horticole in an article entitled ‘Souvenirs de l'Exposition Internationale d'Horticulture de Gand', could have an impact on the species-level nomenclatural stability of the genus, if a proposal to conserve the name is not accepted. For the sake of nomenclatural stability, a formal mechanism must be found to lessen or, ideally, entirely prevent, long-forgotten names that were never used from being introduced in preference to ones in long use.

Summary: Species of Agave L., the New World genus of rosulate leaf succulents, generally take many years to flower. Consequently, new species were historically often described from sterile material, resulting in a situation where fundamental phenological information on many species is often lacking. Although less prevalent today, this situation continues sporadically and for Agave felgeri Gentry, which was described just over 40 years ago, information such as basic flower morphology and flower colour is lacking. Here we rectify this situation by providing an amplified description and illustrations of the species.

The typification of two names in Agave L. (Agavaceae / Asparagaceae), Agave ×peacockii Croucher and A. warelliana Hort. ex Baker, is clarified. Illustrations of the newly designated lectotypes of both these names are included.

The nomenclature associated with the name Aloe glauca Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) is reviewed and analysed. It is shown that in 1768 Philip Miller unambiguously based this name on a plate of A. ferox Mill., and the names A. glauca and A. ferox are therefore synonymous. A previous neotypification of the name A. glauca was redundant as this name has an obligate lectotype. That neotypification is also in serious conflict with important aspects of the protologue. At species rank, A. rhodacantha DC. is the earliest name that was published for what is today widely known as A. glauca. However, we do not propose a change in the nomenclature of this species, pending the outcome of a proposal to conserve the name A. glauca with a conserved type. The names, and their types, included in the synonymy of A. glauca Haw. are clarified. Aloe glauca var. spinosior Haw. is included in the synonymy of A. glauca.

The taxonomy of, and nomenclature applicable to, Kalanchoe millotii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier (Crassulaceae) are discussed with special reference to the typification of this name. A previous claim that the name has a holotype is incorrect. The name K. millotii is [second-step] lectotypified on a specimen, [J.M.H.A.] Perrier [de la Bâthie] 11789, barcode P P00374225, held in Herb. P. An amplified description is provided for this distinctive Madagascan species. The early history of the cultivar Kalanchoe ‘Fern Leaf’ is also discussed and clarified. This cultivar was selected from hybrid offspring raised at Hummel's Exotic Gardens of southern California; the parent stock was given as K. beharensis Drake and K. millotii.

The nothospecies Kalanchoe ×gunniae Gideon F.Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a hybrid between Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. and Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br., is described from Pretoria, South Africa.

We show that both Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes (Aizoaceae / Mesembryanthemaceae) and at least one cultivar derived from the hybrid between it and A. haeckeliana (A.Berger) Bittrich ex Gerbaulet have become naturalised in continental Portugal. The cultivar is widely known as A. ‘Red Apple’ and much more widely cultivated and distributed than the species. The history of the recording of Aptenia cordifolia in Portugal is provided. Aptenia ‘Red Apple’ is here for the first time recorded for Portugal.

Several names have been published for the common and horticulturally popular hybrid between Aloe arborescens Mill. and A. ferox Mill. (Asphodelaceae). Although inevitably a variable entity given its hybrid origin, this nothospecies can generally be recognised by being a strongly rosulate, multi-stemmed, robust shrub with glaucous to dark green leaves that are very much intermediate between those of A. arborescens and A. ferox. Plants are very floriferous with flower colour ranging from orange to red. The taxonomy and nomenclature of this nothospecies that has been known since the early 1700s, but was only described more than 100 years later, is reviewed. It is shown that the correct name to apply to it is Aloe ×caesia Salm-Dyck. The following names are typified here: Aloe africana Salm-Dyck non Mill., Aloe ×fulgens Tod., Aloe ×principis (Haw.) Stearn, Aloe ×salm-dyckiana Schult. & Schult.f., and Pachidendron ×principis Haw.

Aspects of the nomenclature of Kalanchoe rosea C.B.Clarke (1889), K. bouvieri Raym.- Hamet & H.Perrier (1912), K. rosei Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier (1914), and K. rosea A.Chev. (1920) (Crassulaceae) are discussed and clarified. We argue that Kalanchoe rosea C.B.Clarke is a little known Indian species and that the name is not of unresolved application; that K. rosea A.Chev. (1920) that was published for a North African species is of unresolved application; and that the two validly published names K. bouvieri and K. rosei apply to the same Madagascan species, with the latter being a heterotypic synonym of the former. The name Kalanchoe rosea C.B.Clarke is lecto- and epitypified, and we show that the conditions for valid publication were met in the protologue of the later homonym K. rosea A.Chev.