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Abstract Purpose Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) where appropriate intervention might prevent or delay conversion to AD. Given this, there has been increasing interest in using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological testing to predict conversion from MCI to AD. Recent evidence suggests that the choroid plexus (ChP), neural substrates implicated in brain clearance, undergo volumetric changes in MCI and AD. Whether the ChP is involved in memory changes observed in MCI and can be used to predict conversion from MCI to AD has not been explored. Method The current study used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to investigate whether later progression from MCI to AD (progressive MCI [pMCI], n = 115) or stable MCI (sMCI, n = 338) was associated with memory scores using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and ChP volumes as calculated from MRI. Classification analyses identifying pMCI or sMCI group membership were performed to compare the predictive ability of the RAVLT and ChP volumes. Finding The results indicated a significant difference between pMCI and sMCI groups for right ChP volume, with the pMCI group showing significantly larger right ChP volume (p = .01, 95% confidence interval [−.116, −.015]). A significant linear relationship between the RAVLT scores and right ChP volume was found across all participants, but not for the two groups separately. Classification analyses showed that a combination of left ChP volume and auditory verbal learning scores resulted in the most accurate classification performance, with group membership accurately predicted for 72% of the testing data. Conclusion These results suggest that volumetric ChP changes appear to occur before the onset of AD and might provide value in predicting conversion from MCI to AD.

Abstract Introduction Pre‐treatment blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used for the early identification of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who later respond or fail to respond to medication. However, BOLD responses early after treatment initiation may offer insight into early neural changes associated with later clinical response. The present study evaluated both pre‐treatment and early post‐treatment fMRI responses to an emotion processing task, to further our understanding of neural changes associated with a successful response to pharmacological intervention. Methods MDD patients who responded (n = 22) and failed to respond (n = 12) after 8 weeks of treatment with either citalopram or quetiapine extended release, and healthy controls (n = 18) underwent two fMRI scans, baseline (pre‐treatment), and early post‐treatment (one week after treatment commencement). Participants completed an emotional face matching task at both scans. Results Using threshold‐free cluster enhancement (TFCE) and non‐parametric permutation testing, fMRI activation maps showed that after one week of treatment, responders demonstrated increased activation in the left parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, and bilateral insula (all P