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3. Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) and cognitive functions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Author

Claudia Vinciguerra, Maria Pia Amato, V Nardone, Claudia Niccolai, Jian Zhang, R. Tappa Brocci, M. L. Stromillo, Antonio Giorgio, Luisa Pastò, M. Mortilla, N. De Stefano, Vinciguerra, C., Giorgio, A., Zhang, J., Nardone, V., Tappa Brocci, R., Pasto, L., Niccolai, C., Stromillo, M. L., Mortilla, M., Amato, M. P., and De Stefano, N. more...

Subjects
Multiple Sclerosis, Cognitive Neuroscience, Grey matter, 050105 experimental psychology, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Cognition, DTI, MRI, Multiple sclerosis, PSMD, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Visual memory, medicine, Verbal fluency test, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Multiple sclerosi, Neuroradiology, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Neuropsychology, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), business, Nuclear medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI
Abstract

Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a new MRI marker, which has shown clinical relevance in some neurological conditions and, in preliminary data, in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed here to investigate, in a group of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, the relationship between PSMD and cognitive performances, in comparison with other MRI measures. RRMS patients (n= 60) and normal controls (n= 15) underwent a 3T MRI examination. MRI-based white matter (WM) lesion volume, microstructural integrity (assessed with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics of diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] images) and brain volumes (i.e., total brain, grey matter [GM] and WM) were computed. In addition, PSMD was calculated through “skeletonization” of WM tracts and diffusion histograms. Cognition was evaluated with Rao’s Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB), which incorporated tests of verbal and visual memory, attention, concentration, information processing speed and verbal fluency. PSMD closely correlated with symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) (r = −0.70, p< 0.001)and, to a lesser extent, with verbal and visual memory tests. Multiple regression analysis showed that PSMD explained SDMT variance (R2= 0.54, p< 0.001) more than other MRI measures. Results point out the relevance of microstructural damage, as assessed by PSMD, as a reliable marker of cognition in MS, especially in explaining dysfunction in information processing speed. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. more...

Published
2020

4. Changes in grey matter volume and functional connectivity in cluster headache versus migraine.

Author

Giorgio A, Lupi C, Zhang J, De Cesaris F, Alessandri M, Mortilla M, Federico A, Geppetti P, De Stefano N, and Benemei S

Subjects
Adult, Brain physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Cerebral Cortex physiopathology, Cognition physiology, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Executive Function physiology, Female, Frontal Lobe physiopathology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net physiopathology, Cluster Headache physiopathology, Gray Matter physiopathology, Migraine Disorders physiopathology
Abstract

Cluster headache (CH) shows a more severe clinical picture than migraine (Mig). We tested whether brain changes can explain such difference. Multimodal MRI was acquired in attack-free patients with CH (n = 12), Mig (n = 13) and in normal controls (NC, n = 13). We used FSL for MRI data analysis and nonparametric permutation testing for voxelwise analyses (p < 0.01, corrected). CH showed lower grey matter (GM) volume, compared to Mig and NC, in frontal cortex regions (inferior frontal gyrus and frontal pole [FP], respectively) and, only compared to Mig, in lateral occipital cortex (LOC). Functional connectivity (FC) of CH was higher than Mig and NC within working memory and executive control networks and, only compared to Mig, between cerebellar and auditory language comprehension networks. In the attack-free state, the CH brain seems to be characterized by: (i) GM volume decrease, compared to both Mig and NC, in pain modulation regions (FP) and, only with respect to Mig, in a region of visual processing modulation during pain and working memory (LOC); (ii) increased FC at short range compared to both Mig and NC and at long range only with respect to Mig, in key cognitive networks, likely due to maladaptation towards more severe pain experience. more...

Published
2020
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