1. Lithium counteracts depressive behavior and augments the treatment effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in treatment-resistant depressed rats
- Author
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Kakeru Hosomoto, Jun Morimoto, Isao Date, Masahiro Kameda, Yousuke Tomita, Ittetsu Kin, Takao Yasuhara, Satoshi Kawauchi, Naoya Kidani, Ken Kuwahara, Kyohei Kin, Michiari Umakoshi, and Tatsuya Sasaki
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Serotonin ,Lithium (medication) ,Serotonin reuptake inhibitor ,Neurogenesis ,Pharmacology ,Hippocampal formation ,Lithium ,Hippocampus ,Rats, Inbred WKY ,03 medical and health sciences ,Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fluoxetine ,medicine ,Hippocampus (mythology) ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,Depression ,General Neuroscience ,medicine.disease ,Antidepressive Agents ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Mood disorders ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ,Developmental Biology ,medicine.drug ,Behavioural despair test - Abstract
Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats are a useful animal model of treatment-resistant depression. Lithium is effective for treating recurrent mood disorders or treatment-resistant depression, and lithium augmentation treatment is also useful for treatment-resistant depression. However, the treatment effect of lithium on the depressive behavior of WKY rats remains poorly understood, and whether lithium augments the treatment effect of antidepressants in WKY rats is also unknown. In this study, we evaluated the treatment effect of lithium in WKY rats. We also sought to determine if lithium treatment augments the treatment effect of fluoxetine. Lithium was administered for 15 consecutive days and fluoxetine was administered 23.5, 5, and 1 h before the forced swim test (FST) day 2, based on previous studies. Lithium treatment counteracted depressive behavior in the FST and increased hippocampal neurogenesis. Additionally, co-administration of lithium and fluoxetine augmented the treatment effect observed in the FST and in hippocampal neurogenesis in WKY rats, although fluoxetine monotherapy showed no treatment effect. Lithium prevented an increase in body weight, similar to its effect in human patients. These results are consistent with those of lithium augmentation treatment for human patients with treatment-resistant depression. They suggest that WKY rats are a promising animal model for treatment-resistant depression. However, lithium treatment has various side effects. A new treatment with the same anti-depressive effect as fluoxetine + lithium treatment and fewer side effects compared with lithium would be desirable for patients with treatment-resistant depression.
- Published
- 2019