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Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Introduction: Imposter syndrome (IS), characterized by persistent doubts about one's abilities and fear of exposure as a fraud, is a prevalent psychological condition, particularly impacting physicians. In neurosurgery, known for its competitiveness and demands, the prevalence of IS remains high., Research Question: Recognizing the limited literature on IS within the neurosurgical community, this European survey aimed to determine its prevalence among young neurosurgeons and identify associated factors., Material and Methods: The survey, conducted by the Young Neurosurgeon Committee of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, gathered responses from 232 participants. The survey included demographics, the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Survey (CIPS), and an analysis of potential compensatory mechanisms., Results: Nearly 94% of respondents exhibited signs of IS, with the majority experiencing moderate (36.21%) or frequent (40.52%) symptoms. Analyses revealed associations between IS and factors such as level of experience, sex, and board-certification., Discussion and Conclusion: The findings suggest a significant prevalence of IS among young neurosurgeons, with notable associations with sex and level of experience. Compensatory mechanisms, such as working hours, article reading, and participation in events, did not show significant correlations with IS. Notably, male sex emerged as an independent protective factor against frequent/intense IS, while reading more than five articles per week was identified as a risk factor. The identification of protective and risk factors, particularly the influence of gender and reading habits, contributes valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to mitigate IS and improve the well-being of neurosurgeons., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Introduction: Technological advancements provided several preoperative tools allowing for precise preoperative planning in cranial neurosurgery, aiming to increase the efficacy and safety of surgery. However, little data are available regarding if and how young neurosurgeons are trained in using such technologies, how often they use them in clinical practice, and how valuable they consider these technologies., Research Question: How frequently these technologies are used during training and clinical practice as well as to how their perceived value can be qualitatively assessed., Materials and Methods: The Young Neurosurgeons' Committee (YNC) of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) distributed a 14-items survey among young neurosurgeons between June 1st and August 31st , 2022., Results: A total of 441 responses were collected. Most responders (42.34%) received "formal" training during their residency. Planning techniques were used mainly in neuro-oncology (90.86%), and 3D visualization of patients' DICOM dataset using open-source software was the most frequently used (>20 times/month, 20.34% of responders). Software for 3D visualization of patients' DICOM dataset was the most valuable technology, especially for planning surgical approach (42.03%). Conversely, simulation based on augmented/mixed/virtual reality was considered the less valuable tool, being rated below sufficiency by 39.7% of responders., Discussion and Conclusion: Training for using preoperative planning technologies in cranial neurosurgery is provided by neurosurgical residency programs. Software for 3D visualization of DICOM datasets is the most valuable and used tool, especially in neuro-oncology. Interestingly, simulation tools based on augmented/virtual/mixed reality are considered less valuable and, therefore, less used than other technologies., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Jiri Bartek Jr reports a relationship with Medtronic Inc that includes: consulting or advisory., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Introduction: Modern technologies are increasingly applied in neurosurgical resident training. To date, no data are available regarding how frequently these are used in the training of neurosurgeons, and what the perceived value of this technology is., Research Question: The aim was to benchmark the objective as well as subjective experience with modern- and conventional training technologies., Material and Methods: The EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee designed a 12-item survey. It was distributed to neurosurgical residents and board-certified neurosurgeons between 6th of February and April 13, 2022., Results: We considered 543 survey responses for analysis. Most participants (67%) indicated not having gained any training experience with modern technology. Most (40.7%) indicated lack of any modern or conventional training technology. Cadaver training was available to 27.6% while all modern training technology to <10%. Participants from countries with high gross domestic product per capita had more access to modern training technologies (p ​< ​0.001). The perceived value of the different technologies was highest for hands-on OR training, followed by cadaver lab. The value of these was rated higher, compared to all modern technologies (p ​< ​0.001)., Discussion and Conclusion: Our survey reveals that cadaver labs are used more frequently than modern technologies for today's neurosurgical training. Hands-on training in the operating room (OR) was rated significantly more valuable than any conventional and modern training technology. Our data hence suggest that while modern technologies are well perceived and can surely add to the training of neurosurgeons, it remains critical to ensure sufficient OR exposure., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe, EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies.)

Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Jiri Bartek reports a relationship with Medtronic that includes: consulting or advisory.