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Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma is one of the most common and serious conditions associated with head trauma. It is often found in elderly, patients who are currently on anticoagulants or those who suffer from blood coagulation disorders. The modern imagistic methods and the innovative surgical treatments have contributed significantly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of hematoma and the achievement of some exceptional results; therefore, it can be said that chronic subdural hematoma is currently a benign disease, especially involving the elderly. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to identify the etiological and therapeutic peculiarities of the chronic subdural hematoma, from literature data. Methods: We select data from the literature and we included in this paper reviews, case reports and clinical studies. 30 articles were selected for the papers topic. Discussions: Understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of chronic subdural hematoma is imperative, for being able to apply optimal treatment and to reduce the recurrence rate. Surgical treatment is of choice and the operating technique is selected according to the patient’s particularities. Conclusions: Despite the fact that chronic subdural hematoma therapy has improved in recent years, in terms of continuous development of surgical techniques and diagnosis, the best option is still being considered and it is also aimed at decreasing recurrence, which significantly influences the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system, being the main cause of stroke of cardiac origin. Objective: The aim of the study is to illustrate the clinical-evolutionary differences and therapeutic compliance in atrial fibrillation among two age groups of frail patients (>60 years) and pre-frail patients (≤60 years). Methods: This paper includes a descriptive, retrospective study involving a total of 500 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation during the period from January 2019 to December 2021 Discussions: Following the conducted study and the comparative analysis between the two age groups, it was observed that paroxysmal/permanent atrial fibrillation predominated, affecting 149 patients over 60 years and 161 under 60 years. Chronic smoking is considered a statistically significant indicator in this study, being associated with 63% of the total studied patients, illustrating a significant correlation between atrial fibrillation and tobacco consumption. Regarding therapeutic management, Furosemide 40mg represented the first and most preferred line of treatment, with a percentage of 81.6%, followed by Spironolactone 25 mg at 74.6 Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation is a commonly encountered pathology of the cardiovascular system, which can have detrimental consequences, especially in association with the frailty of patients (>60 years). The most common type of atrial fibrillation is paroxysmal/persistent, and chronic smoking constitutes a major risk factor in its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The nanotechnology industry has become increasingly developed with applicability in many fields, including medical. A series of tests have shown the toxic effects of these nanoparticles on human health. Objective: The paper aims to compare a study group from the Faculty of Technological Engineering and Industrial Management of knowledge on nanoparticles before giving a lecture-type presentation and after giving it. Materials and Methods: The proposed power-point presentation took place online, on the E-learning platform of Transilvania University in Brașov and lasted 90 minutes. The study group was initially made up of 146 students, but according to some inclusion/exclusion criteria, the data of 137 students were processed. The questionnaire included a total of 45 questions about respondents' demographics and general notions of nanomaterials/nanoparticles, their applicability in various fields (including engineering and medical), ways to test nanoparticle toxicity, case examples of nanomaterials with implications toxicological effects on human health and measures to prevent the intrinsic chemical risks of managing waste containing nanomaterials. Results: During the presentation, the students showed interest in the topic being discussed, being actively involved in the presentation, asking questions and expressing their opinion about the new technologies developed using nanoparticles. Students presented some information about nanotechnologies and nanoparticles, but do not know details about their applications and toxic implications. Conclusion: The practical aspect of this paper supports the idea of introducing such a course in the specializations of the master or undergraduate programs (information on nanoparticle synthesis methods, their applicability, as well as methods for analyzing toxic effects and the possibilities of exposure to nanoparticles). It is also necessary to teach the notions of risk estimation and methods of prevention of toxic effects in order to emphasize as much as possible the importance of nanoparticles in everyday life, as a public health issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct condition in diabetes and is independent of atherosclerotic coronary disease, having as an effect over time the onset of heart failure. Objective/Aims: This paper aims to analyze, based on the existing data in the specialized literature, the main myocardial structural changes in the diabetic patients as well as the specific electrophysiological changes and their clinical impact Materials and Methods: The study is based on articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar. Results. Discussion. It has been shown that even from the pre-diabetic stage there is cardiometabolic damage followed by myocardial hypertrophy and progression to heart failure. However, in the early stage of diabetes, myocardial damage is discrete. As the metabolic disease progresses, the myocardial structural damage becomes irreversible Conclusion: The active self-monitoring of glycemic values as well as the imaging evaluation by cardiac ultrasonography of all patients with metabolic syndrome even in the presence of normal glycemic values, in order to initiate the early initiation of specific antidiabetic therapy in order to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular complications specific to this metabolic pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. During the COVID pandemic, there was a need for rapid and accessible detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral infections to assess the exact number of infected people worldwide to take appropriate medical measures. Objective/Aims: The paper proposes an analysis of expert information regarding the particularities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the possibilities of detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and viral antigens. Materials and Methods: Studies from the specialized literature that presented information about the working procedures and configurations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and viral antigen detection systems from the pandemic period and later were considered. Results: RT-PCR testing, the current gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, permits the detection of viral genetic material, a sensitive technique that allows rapid detection in the early phase of the virus. It has been identified that serological tests are recommended for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients during the acute and early subacute phases. Rapid tests have been developed for the detection of viral antigens or human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in various biological samples, with a view to frequent monitoring of people working in environments with a high risk of infection. Conclusion: In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of cell biology, combining high-performance studies carried out in research laboratories with testing and validation of methods quickly implemented in the specialized laboratories of infectious diseases hospitals and not only but also with the development of rapid tests with the possibility of direct purchase by the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Skin pathology presents a rising incidence worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma linked to UV radiation exposure may present a favorable evolution if diagnosed early and appropriately approached. Aimes: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of Cemiplimab as a unique treatment in squamous cell carcinoma. Discussion: Recent studies demonstrate promising results of immunotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma, both as a treatment in advanced locoregional and metastatic disease Conclusion: Remission can be obtained after immunotherapy even in older patients and advanced disease stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diagnosis of diabetes mainly involves laboratory tests, which implies a high accuracy in accordance with good laboratory practices. There is a wide range of tests that shows valuable information about the patient’s glycemic curve, nutrition, insulin resistance, metabolic products, but also about the lipid status of patients Objective: The present paper aims to highlight the importance of laboratory tests in non-insulin dependent (type II) Diabetes mellitus, but also to determine the correlations between these parameters (glycated hemoglobin, blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, lipids) by exploring a clinical case. Discussions: For most correlations, were obtained positive values, grater than 0.5 (direct correlations the value of one parameter decreases in time and manner with another). Following the analysis of the laboratory parameters, resulted the direct relationship between the persistence of high values of glycated hemoglobin, blood sugar and LDL-cholesterol and, consequently, the treatment schedule was modified. Conclusions: From the perspective of the mentioned aspects, the study demonstrated that an extended approach in the management of diabetes mellitus is necessary, with an emphasis on personalized medicine, because the patients stand out by particularities towards to each other. The paper is also a useful teaching tool in exposing the pathology and medical approach of patients with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus is a challenge for global health systems and generates problems both in socio-economic and individual levels. Objectives: The aim of the study was the general presentation of viral pathogenesis, its transmissibility and maternal-fetal complications that occur following SARS-CoV2 virus infection that have been identified in the literature and its prevention. Results: This paper is a systematic review that includes a summary of the literature using the PubMed database with a selection of studies from January 2020 to July 2022. Many studies have reported a slightly increased severity of COVID-19 among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women due to complications during pregnancy that resulted in miscarriages, premature births or preeclampsia. Conclusion: Therefore, further investigations are needed to elucidate how COVID-19 affects pregnant women and newborns as well as the long-term impact of SARS-CoV2 infection on women who have given birth, regardless of immunological status at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Water has many functions in the human body. Hydration is under homeostatic control, through mechanisms that modify the elimination pathways, stimulating the appearance of the sensation of thirst. Dehydration is not a medical condition, but it is a common cause of death. Dehydration occurs when a person loses enough fluid, so the body no longer has enough fluid to perform its normal functions. Objective: This paper aims to highlight the level of knowledge about the importance of hydration in maintaining health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using 175 subjects from Brasov (Romania), divided into two groups: sedentary group and athletes. The recruitment was thought for a determined period time in a prospective way. It was administered questionnaires regarding the problem of correct hydration (adapted from the Plant LIBRA-245199 project and Beverage intake questionnaire -BEVQ). Results: Based on the responses of the study participants, it was observed that water is the most consumed liquid by them. The participants of the two groups felt the need to consume more water during the study and physical effort. Volunteers felt sleepier during the day if they don't drink enough fluids. Conclusion: It was observed that proper hydration reduces fatigue and creates a feeling of wellbeing. Water is the most consumed liquid by volunteers in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is considered to be a rare form of drug-induced hyperthermia that can be lethal. The major symptoms of NMS are hyperthermia, rigidity that can be unresponsive to anticholinergic drugs, changes in mental status that may range from confusion to profound coma and autonomic dysregulation (for example, profuse sweating, incontinence, changes in heart rate and blood pressure). Objective: In this paper, we present a case report of NMS which developed after the increase of the dose of a first-generation antipsychotic that was used in the treatment of her paranoid schizophrenia. Discussions: Prevalence of NMS is the higher in the first four weeks from the initiation of the treatment, but cases were reported even at the first administration, so we need a high attention and supervision in these cases. We synthetize for this case the treatment recommendations and its limitations. Conclusions: NMS can appear in any point of a SRRI treatment, even after 51 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Information technology can contribute to the modernization of the medical system through dedicated software, which will improve the quality of medical services. The main objective of the study: Development of a web and mobile application specific to a smart hospital, able to facilitate the management of patient data, based on free electronic resources (Java, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, Firebase, XML, C ++). Results and discussions: The developed application allows users (patients or healthcare professionals) to authenticate, to upload medical documents, which will be registered in the various cloud databases in the Firebase platform, and can be public or private. Users are allowed, depending on their grade, to see them, and even, in some cases, to act according to certain rules. Conclusions: The system proposed in this paper is based on cloud technology, and can ensure the transmission of inter- and intra-hospital information in real time, so that each doctor can quickly receive all medical tests and other data necessary to decide on the actions to be undertaken to treat patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]