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Increasing evidences have proved that circRNA plays a significant role in the development of many diseases. In addition, many researches have shown that circRNA can be considered as the potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease. Some computational methods have been proposed to predict circRNA-disease associations. However, the performance of these methods is limited as the sparsity of low-order interaction information. In this paper, we propose a new computational method (KGANCDA) to predict circRNA-disease associations based on knowledge graph attention network. The circRNA-disease knowledge graphs are constructed by collecting multiple relationship data among circRNA, disease, miRNA and lncRNA. Then, the knowledge graph attention network is designed to obtain embeddings of each entity by distinguishing the importance of information from neighbors. Besides the low-order neighbor information, it can also capture high-order neighbor information from multisource associations, which alleviates the problem of data sparsity. Finally, the multilayer perceptron is applied to predict the affinity score of circRNA-disease associations based on the embeddings of circRNA and disease. The experiment results show that KGANCDA outperforms than other state-of-the-art methods in 5-fold cross validation. Furthermore, the case study demonstrates that KGANCDA is an effective tool to predict potential circRNA-disease associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional machine learning methods used to detect the side effects of drugs pose significant challenges as feature engineering processes are labor-intensive, expert-dependent, time-consuming and cost-ineffective. Moreover, these methods only focus on detecting the association between drugs and their side effects or classifying drug–drug interaction. Motivated by technological advancements and the availability of big data, we provide a review on the detection and classification of side effects using deep learning approaches. It is shown that the effective integration of heterogeneous, multidimensional drug data sources, together with the innovative deployment of deep learning approaches, helps reduce or prevent the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Deep learning approaches can also be exploited to find replacements for drugs which have side effects or help to diversify the utilization of drugs through drug repurposing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the reduced cost of DNA sequencing has resulted in a plethora of genomic data that is being used to advance biomedical research and improve clinical procedures and healthcare delivery. These advances are revolutionizing areas in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), diagnostic testing, personalized medicine and drug discovery. This, however, comes with security and privacy challenges as the human genome is sensitive in nature and uniquely identifies an individual. In this article, we discuss the genome privacy problem and review relevant privacy attacks, classified into identity tracing, attribute disclosure and completion attacks, which have been used to breach the privacy of an individual. We then classify state-of-the-art genomic privacy-preserving solutions based on their application and computational domains (genomic aggregation, GWASs and statistical analysis, sequence comparison and genetic testing) that have been proposed to mitigate these attacks and compare them in terms of their underlining cryptographic primitives, security goals and complexities—computation and transmission overheads. Finally, we identify and discuss the open issues, research challenges and future directions in the field of genomic privacy. We believe this article will provide researchers with the current trends and insights on the importance and challenges of privacy and security issues in the area of genomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are an effective strategy to identify susceptibility loci for human complex diseases. However, missing heritability is still a big problem. Most GWASs single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are located in noncoding regions, which has been considered to be the unexplored territory of the genome. Recently, data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) and Roadmap Epigenomics projects have shown that many GWASs SNPs in the noncoding regions fall within regulatory elements. In this study, we developed a pipeline named functional disease-associated SNPs prediction (FDSP), to identify novel susceptibility loci for complex diseases based on the interpretation of the functional features for known disease-associated variants with machine learning. We applied our pipeline to predict novel susceptibility SNPs for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension. The predicted SNPs could explain heritability beyond that explained by GWAS-associated SNPs. Functional annotation by expression quantitative trait loci analyses showed that the target genes of the predicted SNPs were significantly enriched in T2D or hypertension-related pathways in multiple tissues. Our results suggest that combining GWASs and regulatory features data could identify additional functional susceptibility SNPs for complex diseases. We hope FDSP could help to identify novel susceptibility loci for complex diseases and solve the missing heritability problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the reduced cost of DNA sequencing has resulted in a plethora of genomic data that is being used to advance biomedical research and improve clinical procedures and healthcare delivery. These advances are revolutionizing areas in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), diagnostic testing, personalized medicine and drug discovery. This, however, comes with security and privacy challenges as the human genome is sensitive in nature and uniquely identifies an individual. In this article, we discuss the genome privacy problem and review relevant privacy attacks, classified into identity tracing, attribute disclosure and completion attacks, which have been used to breach the privacy of an individual. We then classify state-of-the-art genomic privacy-preserving solutions based on their application and computational domains (genomic aggregation, GWASs and statistical analysis, sequence comparison and genetic testing) that have been proposed to mitigate these attacks and compare them in terms of their underlining cryptographic primitives, security goals and complexities-computation and transmission overheads. Finally, we identify and discuss the open issues, research challenges and future directions in the field of genomic privacy. We believe this article will provide researchers with the current trends and insights on the importance and challenges of privacy and security issues in the area of genomics., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)