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Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicle defined by recurrent nodules, tunnels and scarring involving the intertriginous regions. HS is associated with microbial dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. In HS, an increasing number of studies have investigated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)., Objectives: To provide an overview of the literature on AMPs in HS, and to discuss the potential role of AMPs in the pathogenesis of HS., Methods: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. The titles, abstracts and full texts of all articles were manually screened. Additionally, the reference lists of the included articles were screened and hand searched for relevant studies., Results: The final literature sample comprised 18 retrospective and prospective studies (no reviews or commentaries) published between 2009 and 2020., Conclusions: This review demonstrates the multitude of AMPs in HS. Although the methodology of the studies varied, the included studies indicate a consistent overexpression of human β-defensin (hBD)-2, S100A7, S100A8 and S100A9 at both the mRNA and protein levels, and a decreased expression of hBD-1. Overall, the studies point to a dysregulation of AMPs in both lesional and nonlesional HS skin., (© 2021 British Association of Dermatologists.)

Background: There are limited data regarding causes of mortality in patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (PsA)., Objectives: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk and leading causes of mortality in patients with psoriasis or PsA., Methods: Individuals with a hospital-based diagnosis of PsA or psoriasis were identified using the Danish National Patient Registry. Matched control individuals were identified from the general population. The main outcome measures were risk of death and cause-specific mortality in patients with psoriasis or PsA., Results: Death rates per 1000 patient-years (with 95% confidence intervals) vs. controls were 22·3 (19·7-24·9) vs. 13·9 (11·8-16·0) for patients with psoriasis and 10·8 (8·9-12·8) vs. 11·6 (9·6-13·6) for patients with PsA. Survival, according to stratified hazard ratios (HRs), was significantly lower in patients with psoriasis than in controls (HR 1·74, P < 0·001), but not in patients with PsA (HR 1·06, P = 0·19). Significantly increased risk of death was observed in patients with psoriasis vs. controls due to a number of causes; the highest risks were observed for diseases of the digestive system; endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases; and certain infectious and parasitic diseases (HRs 3·61, 3·02 and 2·71, respectively). In patients with PsA, increased mortality was observed only for certain infectious and parasitic diseases (HR 2·80) and diseases of the respiratory system (HR 1·46). Patients with psoriasis died at a younger age than controls (mean age 71·0 vs. 74·5 years, P < 0·001)., Conclusions: Patients with severe psoriasis have increased mortality risk compared with matched controls, due to a number of causes. Evidence to support an increased risk for patients with PsA was less convincing., (© 2018 British Association of Dermatologists.)

Background: Previous twin studies have shown greater concordance rates for psoriasis in MZ than in DZ twins, and heritability estimates between 66% and 90%. This supports a genetic influence on psoriasis, but also highlights the fact that genes are not the only explanation for the disease., Objectives: To study the concordance of psoriasis in a population-based twin sample., Methods: Data on psoriasis in 10 725 twin pairs, aged 20-71 years, from the Danish Twin Registry was collected via a questionnaire survey. The concordance and heritability of psoriasis were estimated., Results: In total, 4·1% of the men and 4·2% of the women had a lifetime history of psoriasis. The proband-wise concordance for psoriasis was larger in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins, 0·33 vs. 0·17. Genetic factors explained 68% (60-75%) of the variation in the susceptibility to psoriasis, whereas the rest of the variation was explained by nonshared environmental factors., Conclusion: The results confirm that psoriasis is a complex multifactorial disease controlled by both exogenous and endogenous factors., (© 2013 The Authors BJD © 2013 British Association of Dermatologists.)