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This multicentre study evaluated 5-year progression-free ( PFS) and overall survival ( OS) in early and advanced Hodgkin lymphoma ( HL), where therapy was individualized based on initial prognostic factors and positron emission tomography-computed tomography performed after two cycles ( PET-2). Between September 2006 and August 2013, 359 patients aged 18-60 years, were recruited in nine Israeli centres. Early- HL patients initially received ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) ×2. Depending on initial unfavourable prognostic features, PET-2-positive patients received additional ABVD followed by involved-site radiotherapy ( ISRT). Patients with negative PET-2 and favourable disease received ISRT or ABVD ×2; those with unfavourable disease received ABVD ×2 with ISRT or, alternatively, ABVD ×4. Advanced- HL patients initially received ABVD ×2 or escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone; EB) ×2 based on their international prognostic score (≤2 or ≥3). PET-2-negative patients further received ABVD ×4; PET-2-positive patients received EB ×4 and ISRT to residual masses. With a median follow-up of 55 (13-119) months, 5-year PFS was 91% and 69% for PET-2-negative and positive early- HL, respectively; 5-year OS was 100% and 95%, respectively. For advanced- HL, the PFS was 81% and 68%, respectively ( P = 0·08); 5-year OS was 98% and 91%, respectively. PET-2 positivity is associated with inferior prognosis in early- HL, even with additional ABVD and ISRT. Advanced- HL patients benefit from therapy escalation following positive PET-2. EB can be safely de-escalated to ABVD in PET-2-negative patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]