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Spinal epidural lipomatosis [SEL] is defined as an excessive accumulation of extradural normal adipose tissue. This condition may be idiopathic or acquired. Surgical decompression is considered the gold standard treatment in patients presenting with progressive neurologic deficit. We report a case of a 69-year-old male patient presented with neurogenic claudication and lower left limb radiculopathy. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a L5-S1 epidural compression sustained by a large epidural plaque whose signal was consistent with adipose tissue. A conservative approach, including weight loss attempt, revealed unsuccessful and the patient presented some months after the diagnosis at the emergency department with acute onset bilateral drop foot, more severe on the right side and urinary disturbances. Microsurgical decompression via L5 laminectomy and partial L4 laminectomy and fatty plaque debulking was performed. The post operative course was uneventful and at the two months post operative follow up the patient reported a significative improvement of the pre operative neurological signs and symptoms and of pain control. SEL deserves attention as an identifiable cause of radiculopathies, typically attributed to spinal stenosis, with a higher incidence than previously reported. Moreover cases of acute onset of cauda equina like syndrome were reported in patent affected by SEL, probably related to a local venous engorgement with stasis and edema. Therefore it should be considered as a possible diagnosis not only in patients complaining of stenosis-type symptoms but also in cases of acute neurological decline with cauda equina like syndrome, especially when provided with a "benign" imaging reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical radiculopathy occurs when a nerve root is compressed in the spine, if symptoms fail to resolve after 6 weeks surgery may be indicated. Anterior Cervical Discectomy (ACD) is the commonest procedure, Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy (PCF) is an alternative that avoids the risk of damage to anterior neck structures. This prospective, Phase III, UK multicentre, open, individually randomised controlled trial was performed to determine whether PCF is superior to ACD in terms of improving clinical outcome as measured by the Neck Disability Index (NDI) 52 weeks post–surgery. Following consent to participate and collection of baseline data, subjects with cervical brachialgia were randomised to ACD or PCF in a 1:1 ratio on the day of surgery. Clinical outcomes were assessed on day 1 and patient reported outcomes on day 1 and weeks 6, 12, 26, 39 and 52 post-operation. A total of 252 participants were planned to be randomised. Statistical analysis was limited to descriptive statistics. Health economic outcomes were also described. The trial was closed early (n = 23). Compared to baseline, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) NDI score at 52 weeks reduced from 44.0 (36.0, 62.0) to 25.3 (20.0, 42.0) in the PCF group and increased from 35.6 (34.0, 44.0) to 45.0 (20.0, 57.0) in the ACD group. ACD may be associated with more swallowing, voice and other complications and was more expensive; neck and arm pain scores were similar. The trial was closed early, therefore no definitive conclusions on clinical or cost-effectiveness could be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many spine surgeons are not optimally acquainted with anatomy anterior to sacrum. Screw malposition injuring these structures can lead to unwanted lethal consequences. We report unusual cases of acute radiculopathy due to misplaced bicortical sacral screw causing L5 nerve root impingement on anterior sacrum. A 39/M patient complained of severe rest pain (VAS 9/10) post TLIF in region of L5 dermatome with sensory deficit along the right lateral leg and straight leg raise less than 30°. X-ray revealed S1 screw protruding beyond the second cortex with a straight trajectory. CT scan revealed a protrusion of 11.4mm beyond anterior cortex. The patient was taken for re-surgery and the trajectory and length of screw was revised. Sciatic pain completely disappeared immediately after surgery. A 61/M patient operated elsewhere with instrumented decompression and fusion with screws passed at L4, L5 and S1 level for lumbar canal stenosis, post-surgery patient developed new onset radicular symptoms in right lower limb. Patient was managed conservatively in the form of L5 selective nerve root block. Pain and numbness improved. Bicortical purchase of S1 screw though improves pull out strength, is associated with a risk of neurovascular complications. Surgeons should be alerted to the misplacement of S1 pedicle screws to avoid involvement not only anterior to the anteromedial neurovascular tissue, but also anterolateral to the arrangement of the L5 nerve root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that almost exclusively occurs in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we report a 75-year-old Taiwanese woman without definite immune-deficient history presenting with progressive occipital neuralgia, low cranial nerve deficits (CN9-12) and cervical (C1-C5) radiculopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4.5*4.0*6.7 cm infiltrating mass occupying posterior skull base and C1-C2 vertebra and C1-5 epidural extension with bone destruction and vertebral artery (VA) encasement. There was also a synchronous 2.7cm tonsillar tumor. A two-stage operation for cranio-cervical tumor excision and stabilization was performed. Tumor was confirmed directly arising from VA intraoperatively. Pathology reported a spindle cell neoplasm and the diagnosis of EBV-SMT was confirmed by EBER (EBV-encoded small RNA) in situ hybridization. An immune survey and reconstruction should be conducted for patient with EBV-SMT. A near-total resection of tumor may be beneficial for local control, however, the role of surgical resection in treating CNS EBV-SMT remains to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in rare cases can presents an unusual expression of CD3 T-cell specific antigen. We report the first case of a CD3-positive DLBCL of the cervico-thoracic junction presenting with persistent cervical radiculopathy. A 74-years-old male patient presented a severe and persistent right C8 radiculopathy associated with right-sided neck pain, progressive numbness and weakness of the right arm. The symptoms prominent during the night interfering with sleep and were resistant to anti-inflammatory drugs and cervical orthosis. Spine MRI showed a solid hypointense lesion on T2-weighted images and hyperintense on STIR sequences involving the epidural space at C7, T1 and T2. The patient underwent a C7-T1 decompressive laminectomy and left T2 hemilaminectomy with resection of the epidural tissue resulting in subtotal removal. Histology showed a DLBCL germinal center B-cell lymphoma with expression of CD3 T-cell specific antigen. Then the patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy consisting of R-CHOP protocol. At last follow-up (2 years) the patient is still in good clinical status (KPS = 80) with almost complete recovery of the cervical radiculopathy. To our knowledge this is the first case of DLBLC GCB-like CD3 positive to present with radiculopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We know of five cases of cervical nerve root variants that have been reported, all of which were found during posterior cervical surgery. We reported two cases of cervical nerve root variants. One had two anomalous branches of the C7 root, is the other had a C5, C6 nerve root communication branch. A 62-year-old female presented with neck and right upper extremity pain, accompanied by hypaesthesia in her right forearm for 4 months. Preoperative X-ray film, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated C6-7 uncovertebral joint hyperplasia and foraminal stenosis. She underwent posterior cervical endoscopic foraminoplasty. The right C7 nerve root was observed to have two anomalous branches originated from a proximal trunk. After the surgery, the symptoms resolved. A 54-year-old female presented with radiating pain and numbness in her right arm and hand for 4 months. Preoperative MRI showed a C5/6 intervertebral disc herniation. She had hypaesthesia in radial side of her right arm and 1st–3rd fingers. Posterior cervical endoscopic foraminalplasty was performed for the patient. After decompression of the bony wall of the posterior nerve root canal, a 2-mm thick communicating nerve was observed emerging from the dura with the C6 nerve root and exiting to the caudal level. After the surgery, the symptoms resolved immediately. Cervical nerve root variant may be more apparent on edoscopic approaches to the cervical foraminae than at open surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe a very rare presentation of ependymoma that can derive from intraoperative complications for surgeons and increased morbidity for the patients. Multiple cases of mobile cauda equina tumors leading to inadequate approach have been reported in the literature, however, the reports of ependymoma histology are very rare. This report describes the third adult case in recent years and a retrospective review of cases reported in the literature until today. We show the clinical and radiographic presentation of a 79 years old patient that presented a mobile cauda equina tumor in the preoperative image, who went to surgery for resection and arthrodesis, obtaining in post-operative histology the diagnostic of ependymoma. The preoperative image shows the migration of the tumor avoiding the wrong approach. The patient went to surgery for laminectomy, pedicular screw arthrodesis L1-S1, and tumor removal, obtaining a complete resection and confirmed histology diagnostic of ependymoma, unfortunately, the patient died five days after by a cardiac arrest. The recent literature reports only four cases of mobile ependymoma, two of them in pediatrics patients and just only two adult cases, which means this is the third adult case of an ependymoma. Mobile cauda equina ependymoma is a very rare neoplasm presentation but is an entity that can lead to mistakes in the approach and may be useful for the neurosurgeons who day per day treat this pathology beware of this possibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalised tonic-clonic seizures have been reported to cause musculoskeletal injuries including vertebral fractures usually without resultant neurological deficit. Lumbar disc prolapse resulting in neurological deficits following seizures has not been reported. We report a 43-year-old man who presented after a generalised seizure at which point he developed worsening of low back pain and left sciatica followed by an acute foot drop. His lumbo-sacral MRI demonstrated a diffuse disc bulge at L4-5 level and a large, caudally migrated, free disc fragment with resulting severe canal stenosis at L4/5 and left lateral recess stenosis at L5/S1. He underwent urgent left L4/5 and L5/S1 micro-discectomies with resolution of his symptoms. We illustrate a rare but important treatable complication of seizures. Detailed history and clinical examination in patients with post-ictal neurological deficit should be conducted to identify the specific cause. Appropriate imaging should be performed if there remains any doubt regarding diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facet joint cysts are a feature of lumbar spondylosis and are an uncommon cause of radiculopathy. Facet joint cyst haematoma is a very rare entity and has previously been reported as a subacute cause of leg pain, back pain, sensory deficit and lower limb weakness. We present the unique case of facet joint cyst haematoma presenting as cauda equina syndrome. An 81 year old lady presented with a 7 day history of back pain and left foot drop, a 1 day history of perineal numbness and urinary retention with absent rectal tone, perianal anaesthesia and left leg hypoaesthesia. Emergency MRI scan demonstrated spinal canal stenosis as the aetiology of her cauda equina syndrome. She was taken to theatre for emergency lumbar decompression. At operation a facet joint haematoma compressing the cauda equina was found and extirpated with complete resolution of symptoms. In this case, the aetiology of cauda equina compression was not demonstrated effectively on pre-operative MRI scanning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Motor nerve transfer surgery involves re-innervation of important distal muscles using either an expendable motor branch or a fascicle from an adjacent functioning nerve. This technique is established as part of the reconstructive algorithm for traumatic brachial plexus injuries. The reproducible outcomes of motor nerve transfer surgery have resulted in exploration of the application of this technique to other paralysing conditions. The objective of this study is to report feasibility and increase awareness about nerve transfer as a method of improving upper limb function in patients with cervical motor radiculopathy of different aetiology. Results: In this case series we report 3 cases with different modes of injury to the spinal nerve roots with significant and residual motor radiculopathy that have been successfully treated with nerve transfer surgery with good functional outcomes. The cases involved iatrogenic nerve root injury, tumour related root compression and degenerative root compression. Conclusion: Nerve transfer surgery may offer reliable reconstruction for paralysis when there has been no recovery following a period of conservative management. However the optimum timing of nerve transfer intervention is not yet identified for patients with motor radiculopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare condition similar to lymphomas, presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy in young adults. Extra-nodal involvement is relatively common but involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare. Cranial RDD presents with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, focal or generalised seizures, while spinal RDD presents with pain, peripheral neurological deficits and radiculopathy. In contrast to other similar neoplastic or degenerative conditions affecting the CNS, RDD is a benign, non-infective, granulomatous disorder. Radiologically cranio-spinal RDD often mimics commoner dural-based lesions like meningioma, with only subtle radiological differentiating findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The histopathology of RDD is diagnostic. Surgical excision is preferred modality of treatment. However, adjuvant therapies like steroids and radiation may help controlling residual or recurrent disease. There are multiple sporadic reports and short case publications in the literature, often focusing on a particular aspect of RDD. In this study, authors aim to present five cases of craniospinal RDD, and comprehensive review of literature and highlight neurological complications of systemic RDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown tumours affecting the cervical spine are a rare but recognised complication of renal failure-related secondary hyperparathyroidism. We present a case of a 26 year-old female with radiculopathy who was managed successfully with 360° cervical spine fixation and parathyroidectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Though different techniques have been successfully employed in the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation, the one which should be considered most ideal has remained a controversy, particularly since there are currently no generally accepted guidelines for surgical care. Objective:To review previous publications comparing the available operative options, with the aim of determining if any of the available interventions gives better outcomes compared to others. Methods:A systematic literature review of previous publications comparing various techniques employed in the surgical treatment of recurrent disc herniation. Results:All publications investigated in this review clearly demonstrated quite comparable outcomes, with no superiority of one method over the other. Conclusion:In view of the currently available data and evidence, minimally invasive techniques for revision of recurrent disc herniation do not really appear to be superior to the conventional open surgical approaches and vice-versa. We suggest the management strategy for surgical treatment of each case of recurrence to be simply based on the experience of the surgeon, the available facilities and equipment. Fusion should not be undertaken in all recurrences but should only be considered as an option for revision when spinal instability, spinal deformity or associated radiculopathy is present. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background:An unsettled controversy over the appropriate surgical approach in cases of cervical radiculopathy caused by degenerative vertebrae and intervertebral discs is still present. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of microsurgical posterior foraminotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and to find out whether the underlying pathology (soft disc herniation/spondylosis) is of value in predicting long-term outcome after this procedure. Methods:Patients, who underwent posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) at our department between 2006 and 2013 for unilateral mono-segmental lateral soft disc herniation, or spondylosis, or both, were enrolled in this study. Demographic, clinical and surgical data were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were subsequently interviewed by telephone to identify their long-term outcome. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using Odom’s criteria. Descriptive statistics were frequencies and percentage of occurrence for categorical variables and mean and range for continuous variables. Results:One hundred eighty-one patients were included in this study, with a median follow-up of 58 months (mean 43 months, range 12–96 months). The overall re-operation rate was 7.2% (13 patients); 11 patients (6%) for recurrent root symptoms due to recurrent disc herniation (six patients, 3.3%) and re-stenosis (five patients, 2.8%), one patient (0.55%) for wound infection and one patient (0.55%) for postoperative haematoma. Among the eleven patients who underwent re-operation for recurrent root symptoms there was one patient who additionally had persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak and superficial posterior wound infection. There was no significant difference between lateral soft disc herniation and spondylosis in term of re-operation rate. At discharge, excellent or good outcome was achieved in 89% of patients; the long-term success rate was 97.2% using Odom’s criteria. Conclusion:Microsurgical PCF is an effective technique for treating lateral spinal root compression. Proper patient selection is obligatory to achieve the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

What constitutes cauda equina syndrome (CES), how it should be subclassified and how urgently to image and operate on patients with CES are all matters of debate. A structured review of the literature has led us to evaluate the science and to propose evidence-based guidelines for the management of CES. Our conclusions include this guidance: pain only; MRI negative – recommend: analgesia, ensure imaging complete (not just lumbar spine) adequate follow-up. Bilateral radiculopathy (CESS) with a large central disc prolapse – recommend: discuss with the patient and if for surgery, the next day (unless deteriorates to CESI in which case emergency surgery); CESI – recommend: the true emergency for surgery by day or night; a large central PLID with uncertainty as to whether CESI or CESR (e.g. catheterised prior to CESR) or where there is residual cauda equina nerve root function or early CESR – recommend: treat as an emergency by day or night. Where there has been prolonged CESR and/or no residual sacral nerve root function – recommend: treat on the following day’s list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumbar discal cysts are rare entities causing radicular pain with unknown etiologies. We report a case of a 42-year-old man who developed radiculopathy secondary to a lumbar discal cyst. Our case sheds some light on anatomy, possible etiological association and clinical course which can help management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purely extradural spinal cavernous malformations (ESCMs) are rare, but the number of cases reported seems to be increasing. A 44-year-old woman presented with progressive cervicothoracic back pain, lower limb paraesthesia and hypertonia. MRI showed a well-circumscribed, convex lesion in the T1-4 extradural space causing cord compression and encroaching into the left T2/3 neural foramen. Selective spinal angiography demonstrated a vascular blush at the T2/T3 level corresponding with the mass. A feeding vessel arising from the base of the T1 spinous process was identified and successfully catheterised, but embolisation was precluded by unfavourable anatomy of the posterior spinal artery. At hemilaminectomy, the lesion was found to be an ESCM. The patient went on to make a full recovery. We reviewed 71 cases of ESCM reported in the last decade. Incidence of ESCM is unclear; the largest case series reported on nine patients, but most published accounts were single case studies. Patients presented with back pain (33%), myelopathy (56%) and/or radiculopathy (39%). Onset of symptoms was usually insidious over months to years, but 30% presented with sudden-onset neurological symptoms, often due to spontaneous haemorrhage. Mean age at diagnosis was 44 (range, 2-74; SD, 19.6) years with a 1:1 sex ratio. Lesions were found at all levels except C1-C2, but a strong predilection for the dorsal thoracic spine (68%) was shown. The lesion extended into an intravertebral foramen in at least 24 cases (34%). MRI is the investigation of choice, and angiography of ESCM has rarely been described. Most (87%) were hypo- to isointense on T1 MRI while hyperintensity on T2 (91%) and avid (89%), usually homogenous gadolinium update was almost universal. Perilesional haemosiderin, characteristic of intracranial and intramedullary cavernous malformation was rarely seen. In many cases, meningioma or nerve sheath tumour was misdiagnosed prior to surgery. All patients underwent total (95%) or subtotal (5%) microsurgical resection with excellent results; all improved (23%) or recovered fully (77%) after surgery. Those who presented acutely did worse; 38% had residual deficits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study design. Retrospective audit of consecutive patients. Objective. To investigate the re-operation rate following elective primary lumbar microdiscectomy and to determine whether principal surgeon grade and/or disc space lavage is a factor in recurrence. Summary of background data. Recurrent herniation of disc material following lumbar microdiscecomy surgery is one of the commonest complications of the procedure. Any reduction in the number of revision microdiscectomies performed per year would have a significant impact on patients' lives and on the health service economy. We undertook this study to ascertain whether principal surgeon grade and/or disc space lavage has an impact in reducing the re-operation rate. Methods. We undertook a retrospective audit of patients who underwent elective primary lumbar microdiscectomy, over a 3-year period (n = 971). Results. The overall re-operation rate for primary elective microdiscectomy was 3.8%, consistent with the published literature. The relative risk of re-operation in patients primarily operated by registrar surgeons was 1.2 fold the risk in patients operated by consultants (95% CI: 0.62, 2.35) although not statistically significant (p = 0.568). The risk of re-operation in the 'non lavage' group was 2.15 times the risk in the 'lavage' group (95% CI: 0.63, 7.34), but it did not reach significance (p = 0.222). Conclusions. Principal surgeon grade and intervertebral disc lavage have not been found conclusively to be factors in the rate of recurrence. This information is useful to reassure patients that their outcome from such surgery is not dependent on the grade of surgeon performing the operation. There is a possible trend towards intervertebral disc lavage reducing the rate of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous migration of intracranial hemostatic clip into the spinal canal is uncommon. We report a case of spontaneous migration of intracranial hemostatic clip into the lumbar spinal canal causing severely painful radiculopathy in a 55-year-old woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the results of posterior cervical foraminotomy for spondylitic radiculopathy using a questionnaire sent to all 77 patients who had undergone surgery between 1990 and 1995 at our institution. Sixty-two patients (40 male) returned their questionnaires, one of whom had undergone two procedures (dealt with as separate events). Sixty patients complained of pre-operative arm pain; of these 42 (70%) had complete or >75% resolution of their pain, 14 (23%) had <75% improvement in their pain and four (7%) had the same or worsened pain at the time of the questionnaire. Sixteen patients (27%) reported initial improvement in symptoms with subsequent deterioration. The mean patient satisfaction score using a linear analogue scale from 0 to 10 was 7.5. Main postoperative complaints were neck pain (22%), persisting motor deficit (6%) and persisting sensory deficit (9%). One patient suffered nerve root damage at surgery. For unilateral and, in some cases, multi-level degenerative disease causing cervical radiculopathy, posterior cervical foraminotomy is a useful technique with the advantage of avoiding fusion, immobilization and the long-term risk of instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CG clip is a device designed for use in expansive open-door laminoplasty with both a spacer and means of attachment in a single unit. It provides an effective technique for open-door laminoplasty, which obviates the need for bone grafting or complex internal fixation by providing dynamic stabilization of the open laminae. A number of techniques for expansive open-door laminoplasty have been devised for the decompression of the spinal cord and nerve roots in cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy. Each of these techniques requires some degree of internal fixation and/or bone grafting.The CG clip is a single device which is composed of both a spacer and a spring clip for attachment. The spacer ensures a 4-5-mm sagittal expansion of the cervical spinal canal. The spacer is held in place along the lateral cut margin of the laminae by a spring-wound titanium clip, which folds over the central spinous process of the unilaterally elevated laminar block. In all respects except for grafting and internal fixation, the surgery is performed as for a standard expansive open-door laminoplasty. Sixteen of the first 24 patients to undergo this procedure improved at least one point on the Neurosurgical Cervical Spine Scale. Of the remaining eight patients, four remained the same and four deteriorated. The authors have found the CG-clip laminoplasty technique quick and easy to perform, with early results in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy consistent with those of other decompressive procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the unique case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with right leg radiculopathy caused by an ovarian cyst mimicking lumbar pathology. A review of the literature shows that this is a rare case where a histologically confirmed benign ovarian cystadenoma (of indeterminate type) is shown to cause foot drop and radiculopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tapia syndrome, a rare complication of posterior cervical surgery, characterised by concurrent paralyses of recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus and hypoglossal cranial nerves, occurred in a patient after posterior cervical foraminotomies for radiculopathy. We discuss hypothesised pathophysiology, and diagnostic, therapeutic and avoidance strategies in relevance to prone neurosurgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurophysiological studies (NPS) are often used by both neurosurgeons and neurologists to supplement neuroimaging findings in the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy and in operative decision-making. The aim of this study was to assess whether nerve conduction and electromyographic studies added significant information to that obtained from high resolution MRI to warrant routine use. Over the 10-year period (1991-2001), we identified 48 patients who underwent both preoperative NPS and MRI for cervical radiculopathy. Sensitivity of MRI and NPS for diagnosing cervical radiculopathy was 93 and 42%, respectively. Whilst the positive predictive values for MRI and NPS were similar (91% versus 86%), the former had a higher negative predictive value (25% versus 7%). In only one case was the decision to operate based on NPS despite a negative MRI. We therefore suggest that in patients with clinical and MRI evidence of cervical radiculopathy, NPS has limited additional diagnostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of a myodil cyst causing a thoracic radiculopathy in a patient who had undergone a myelogram 30 years previously. Although myodil is no longer used, sequelae can continue to be seen for many years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study of a 58 year old man presented with painful left L2 to S1 radiculopathy and progressively worsening left quadriceps weakness. Topics discussed include transdural intravertebral herniation of the spinal cord at the level of the T12 vertebra; performing of T11 to L1 laminectomy with neuro-monitoring; diagnosis of Idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH) and lower thoracic vertebra.