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Background/aims: Hyaluronan is present in the trabecular meshwork where it is involved in the pathophysiology of aqueous outflow environment. In this study, the expression and regulation of hyaluronan synthase (HAS), [...]

Background/aims: To investigate the relationship between gaze tracking (GT) results and ocular surface condition in glaucoma., Method: The Humphrey 24-2 visual field (VF) was measured in 34 eyes of 30 patients with open-angle glaucoma without VF damage. Tear break-up time, Schirmer's test, tear meniscus volume (TMV) and presence of superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) were also measured in order to describe the condition of the ocular surface. Various GT parameters were calculated: the average frequency of eye movements per stimulus between 1° and 2° (move 1-2 ), the average frequency of eye movements per stimulus between 3° and 5° (move 3-5 ), the average frequency of eye movements per stimulus more than 6° (move ≥6 ), the average tracking failure frequency per stimulus (TFF) and the average blinking frequency. The relationship between GT parameters, reliability indices and ocular surface measurements was investigated using linear mixed modelling., Results: SPK was positively associated with high rates of move 3-5 (coefficient=0.12 for SPK+, p=0.003) and move ≥6 (coefficient=0.052 for SPK+, p=0.023). High TMV was significantly related to TFF (coefficient=0.37, p=0.023). Fixation losses, false-positives and false-negatives were not significantly associated with any GT parameters or ocular surface measurements., Conclusion: SPK is associated with increased frequency of eye movements (move 3-5 and move ≥6 ). In addition, large TMV is associated with increased rate of TFF. Careful attention should be paid when interpreting GT parameters in patients with SPK or a large TMV., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)

Background/aims: To evaluate the clinical results of accelerated transepithelial corneal cross-linking (CXL) in Japanese patients with progressive keratoconus (KCN)., Methods: Thirty eyes of 19 patients (16 male, 3 female patients) with progressive KCN were included. The mean age was 24.9±7.0 (range 16-38) years. All patients received ultraviolet A radiation for 3 min at an irradiance of 30 mW/cm 2 . Patients were followed up on the first day, at 1 week and 2 weeks, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Clinical examinations included measures of uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average keratometry (AveK), maximum keratometry (Kmax), central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure and non-mydriatic indirect fundus examination. Patients were asked to report any pain or discomfort at each visit., Results: There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. All 30 eyes finished the follow-up. After 12 months, there was a significant decrease in Kmax (p<0.0001), AveK (p=0.003) and TCT (p=0.002), and a significant improvement in BCVA (p=0.001). There were no other significant changes. Pain or foreign-body sensation following CXL appeared in the first 2 days, but lasted no more than 1 week in all cases., Conclusions: There were no complications associated with accelerated transepithelial corneal CXL, and the clinical outcomes were appraisable in a 12-month follow-up., Trial Registration Number: UMIN000009372., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.)