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The paper is based on ethnographic work with doctoral students, their supervisors and postdoctoral researchers in three contrasting disciplines biochemistry, artificial intelligence and physical geography It explores how stability and continuity in scientific disciplines are sustained through socialisation processes of doctoral research It identities the inter-generational transmission of knowledge, skills and assumptions within the institutional setting of laboratory or the research group Working on `standardised packages' in such social contexts, doctoral students are enculturated into scientific work Despite setbacks and uncertainties in getting their research to `work' doctoral students express faith that their problems are `doable' Drawing on these empirical findings we suggest that these forms of pedagogic continuity are of more significance in the enculturation of doctoral students and the reproduction of scientific knowledge than the presence or absence of a `critical mass' of active researchers (as has been suggested by the recent Horns renew of postgraduate education in the UK) We therefore suggest that recent UK policy formation that has emphasized the notion of critical mass deserves critical scrutiny, and that there is need for perspectives more sensitive to disciplinary cultures and departmental organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]