Search

Productive longevity of cattle is associated with the selection process. For the first time in the Sheki-Zakatala and Nagorno-Shirvan economic regions of Azerbaijan, Holstein cows were bred from Israeli selection. The resulting animals have a higher milk production, are highly adaptable to various feeding technologies. The genetic resources of Israeli breeding animals can be widely used to improve the productivity and breeding qualities of animals in various economic regions located in the Sheki-Zakatala and Nagorno-Shirvan zones.

In the irrigation conditions of Azerbaijan, the cultivation of Glycine max in stubble fields after harvesting the barley crop along with spring sowing is also economically very important. Sowing in stubble fields makes it possible to obtain additional grain yield and fodder from a single area, and to use reclamation facilities efficiently. At this time, the soil is provided with organic matter for autumn planting, and at the same time salinization is prevented, soil erosion and weed control issues are fully resolved. Cultivation of stubble field crops in large farms increases the possibilities of more efficient use of labor force, irrigation networks, agricultural machinery and equipment. During the conducted research, different results were obtained regarding the effect of different irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on soybean grain yield. The resulting productivity depended on the plant coverage factor, leaf surface area, changes in wet and dry biomass. The smallest indicator of the yield was 10.0 centners in the variant with soil moisture of 60% before irrigation, and the highest indicator was 25.8 cwt/ha in the variant of the fertilizer rate calculated when the soil moisture was 80%, which is the same as the yield obtained from the autumn sowing of barley of the previous year (39 cwt/ha) together, it is equal to the yield of 67.9 cwt/ha from 1 hectare of land in one year.

In the western part of Azerbaijan, tomato plants currently make up half of the open and covered fields. In recent years, the range and damage possibilities of fungi, which were rarely encountered before and were not characterized by high damage, have expanded in the tomato plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. The route and stationary observation-calculation works conducted in the western part of Azerbaijan showed that numerous pathogens are spread in tomato crops. Among these diseases, it has been determined that powdery mildew disease, which was not of economic importance before, prevails due to its spread and damage to crops. A fungicide trial was conducted against the disease.

In recent years, the interest in natural herbal medicines and essential oils obtained from them has increased significantly in medicine industry worldwide. Essential oils and products made from them are widely used in various fields of modern medicine, especially in aromatherapy, in traditional treatment methods. Therefore, the study of the composition of biologically active substances in essential plants is of special importance. From this point of view, the introduction of new types of medicinal plants, the study of their bioecological properties, and especially the expansion of research conducted for use in scientific medical practice regarding the pharmacological activity of essential oils obtained from them is very relevant. Among the mentioned prospective research objects, rosemary (Rosmarinus L.) species widely used in medicine and folk medicine in different regions of the world occupy a special place. Despite the great interest in this plant and the obtained essential oil in Azerbaijan, its biological properties, extraction and composition of the essential oil have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the introduction of new useful species belonging to the genus Rosmarinus L., the study of their bioecological characteristics, cultivation agrotechnics and biologically active substances on scientific grounds is in the spotlight with its relevance.

Art is one of the forms of social expression, and it was created as a result of visualizing the images created in human thinking, emotions and abstract thought by means of images. The images created as a result of the impact of the external world surrounding a person, the processes and events occurring in it on feelings and thinking are the basis of image creation. Portrait painting, which reflects a person’s inner world, feelings and emotions through facial expressions, lines, likeness and mimicry, eyes and gaze, which are considered as a mirror of mood, is considered a very complex genre of fine art and painting. The portrait genre, which is one of the main genres of painting and graphics, has taken a very wide place in fine arts. As in other genres, portrait works take their content from public life and reflect public existence through specific artistic images and influence public life. Therefore, the portrait artist is not satisfied with giving only external signs of a person in his works, such as external resemblance, pose, movement and facial expressions. At the same time, the tries to show the spiritual world, psychological characteristics and what kind of character the person he paints.

To determine drought tolerance of 10 wheat varieties (3 durum and 7 bread) differing in architectonics, the research was performed under normal and drought conditions. The reduction in the plant height due to cultivation conditions rather than genetic properties of the genotypes occurred because of the decreasing length of upper internodes by 0.47-9.51%. Structural components of the product were determined. The greatest reduction in above-ground dry biomass per unit of the field was detected in Barakatli 95 and Garagylchyg 2 genotypes. The amounts of pigments were determined to evaluate the level of the photosynthetic apparatus development, its physiological state, formation and accumulation potential of the product. The content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids was determined during the grain forming, milk ripening, and wax ripening phases. Green plastids were broken down and chlorophyll content decreased under drought. Chlorophyll a content decreased more sharply compared with chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a content decreased more sharply in all phases in the durum variety Barakatli 95 (during the phases, respectively, 19.7; 16.6 and 35.6%) and bread variety Gyrmyzy gul 1 (21.9; 15.3; 39.5%). Chlorophyll b amount decreased less in the durum variety Tartar (11.0; 7.30; 14.2%) and bread variety 4th FEFWSN-50 (4.83; 10.8; 9.20%). Amounts of the photosynthetic pigments were determined in various regions (Gobustan and Jalilabad Regional Experimental Stations). Chlorophyll a content decreased more in the Gyrmyzy gul 1 and Garagylchyg 2 varieties (in Gobustan: 2.302 and 2.979 mg/g fresh weight) in Jalilabad: 2.096 and 2.737 mg/g fresh weight) under rainfed conditions. Drought had a relatively less impact on chlorophyll a content in the Azamatli 95 and Gobustan varieties. Chlorophyll b content ranged from 0.033 to 2.398 mg/g fresh weight in Gobustan and from 0.057 to 2.175 mg/g fresh weight in Jalilabad, whereas the content of did not decrease.

The article analyzes the blood-parasitic diseases of cattle in the Kurdamir, Ujar and Geokchay districts located in The Central Aran Economic Region. The types of piroplasmids causing blood-parasitic diseases of cattle, ixodid ticks - carriers of pathogens were identified, and the seasonal dynamics of invasions was studied. During the study, smears were prepared from the peripheral blood of cattle with high fever and recovered animals, as well as internal organs and eggs of ixodid ticks: Boophilus calcaratus, Hyalomma anatolicum, H. plumbeum.

The article is devoted to the study of the ionic and salt composition of the rivers of the Lerik District of the southern part of Azerbaijan. The results of analyzes of the river waters selected as the object of the study show that there were no serious processes of mineralization in the rivers. The salinity of the river waters of the Lerik District (the Bilnа River, river waters taken from the villages of Mastail, Lankaranchay, Konjavuchay) varied within the range of 0,440-0.674 g/l. The composition of ions in these water sources varied depending on the rivers.

The results of the study of the relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of the flag leaves in 21 soft wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions of Mountain Shirvan have been presented in the paper. The research was performed with drought-exposed and irrigated variants during the grain filling phase. RWC of the flag leaves of Vostorg, Murov 2, Tale 38, and Gyrmyzy gul 1 genotypes was higher both under drought and irrigated conditions. There was a positive correlation between RWC and earing time, and a negative correlation between RWC and plant height. The average difference in RWC between irrigated and drought-exposed variants for all genotypes was 10.1%. In 12thIWWYT no. 9 and 12thIWWYT no. 20 lines, this difference was high (26.5 and 19.6%), while in Gyzyl bughda, Murov 2, and Ferrigineum 2/19 genotypes, it was low (3.5, 3.6, and 2.9%). The highest values of the rate of photosynthesis were observed in the drought-exposed genotypes Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, and Zirva 85 (14.2, 14.8, 14.1, and 14.3 µmol CO2m−2 s−1), and in the irrigated genotypes Aran, Vostorg, and 12thIWWYT no. 9 (24.9, 23.4, and 24.0 µmol CO2 m−2s−1). Stomatal conductance (0.115, 0.120, 0.130, 0.164 mol H2O m−2 s−1), the concentration of CO2 in intercellular spaces (146.3, 156, 5, 181.7, and 213.7 µmol CO2mol−1) and the transpiration rate (3.32, 3.58, 4.13 and 4.44 mmol H2O m−2s−1) were higher in the Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, and Zirva 85 varieties, which manifest higher photosynthetic rate under drought conditions than other genotypes. A significant positive correlation of RWC with the rate of photosynthesis, the stomatal conductance, the concentration of CO2in intercellular spaces, and the rate of transpiration was found under drought stress conditions.

The efficiency of poultry farming is determined not by the expansion of existing livestock lines, but by an increase in the quality of productive and breeding birds of the parental forms of the studied breeds. Most of the economically important traits are polygenic in nature for research. Environmental factors have a significant influence on their manifestation. According to some studies, genetic factors significantly depend on body weight, egg weight and sexual maturity. As for embryonic and postembryonic viability, as well as the efficiency of feed use, they depend on environmental conditions by 85-95%. Egg weight growth curves for chickens of different breeds show that all breeds studied begin laying eggs at 6 months. The growth rate of egg mass changes with age.

Drought has a serious effect on the plant height, the heading date and the grain yield of winter wheat genotypes in Mountainous Shirvan. Genotypes of Sonmez 01, Sheki 1, Bezostaya 1 and Gyzilbughda were noted as the tallest (120.1, 118.9, 114.9 and 111.8 cm), Gyrmizigul 1, Guneshli, Tale 38, Aran, Zirva 85 and Azamatli 95 as the short (83.6, 92.8, 95.8, 92.9, 94.0 and 98.0 cm), respectively, which indicates the adaptability of tall varieties for rainfed conditions. Gobustan, Zirva 85, Ruzi 84 and Gunashli genotypes were noted as the early heading, and Bezostaya 1, Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, Gyrmizigul 1 and Baba 75 as the late heading, which is associated with their genotypic characteristics. The yield was changed depending on the genotypic characteristics and annual total precipitation during the growing season. The highest yield was recorded in Gobustan and 7WON-SA no. 465 genotypes, while the lowest yield was in Azeri, Bezostaya 1 and Murov 2 during the research. Adaptation to adverse conditions and high yielding of Gyrmizigul 1 genotype shows the possibility of cultivation under adverse conditions. By adaptability to drought high yield of genotypes can be obtained responding to high soil fertility and favorable climatic conditions. Cultivation of these genotypes in rainfed regions such as Mountainous Shirvan is recommended.

The article provides comparative results of crop rotation and continuous cropping based on the diversification of soybean, winter wheat, barley and corn crops in 2018-2020. During crop rotation, significant results were obtained in the effective use by other plants of organic substances created in the soil by the root mass of one plant and plant residues. Thus, according to the results of the study, depending on the crops, the formation of green mass and dry biomass of soybeans and corn differed in development phases.

In the article about Caragana decorticans Hemsl., the studies carried out in the field of introduction of the species at the Institute of Dendrology, located on the Absheron Peninsula in Azerbaijan, are analyzed. The effective ways of introduction of the species and the results of practical application are shown. It has been established that the seeds of Caragana decorticans Hemsl. They have proved themselves well in the conditions of the subtropical climate of Absheron and have a potency of up to 85%. This suggests that the introduction of species Caragana decorticans Hemsl. is suitable for the arid subtropical climate of Absheron. It is advisable to use these plants for amenity planting and landscaping.

The article presents the results of research conducted in the Absheron Experimental Farm in 2018–2020. with the aim of developing an effective crop rotation scheme to increase yields from one plot based on diversification of production technology in cultivation. During the study, the number of weeds in the fields was determined (crop rotation and continuous cropping). As a result of cultivation, their number decreased significantly at the end of the growing season. Despite the same cultivation of crops, the number of weeds in the rotation per square meter was less than in the case of continuous cropping. According to the results of the study, depending on the crops, the number of root residues at a depth of 0–40 cm of plants varied on average over three years. During crop rotation, soybean residues per hectare were determined as 2.95 tons, winter wheat — 4.38 tons, maize — 5.65 tons, which, with continuous cropping per hectare, was 0.12 tons higher for soybeans, and 0.18 tons for winter wheat and for maize by 0.31 t. Different results were also obtained regarding the impact of diversification on crop yields as a key agrotechnical factor. According to the average indicators of research, the yield of soybeans in a crop rotation increased by 0.20 tons, wheat by 0.47 tons and corn by 0.41 tons per hectare compared to continuous cropping. In addition to the agronomic indicators analyzed by us, the study and study of their economic efficiency is also of economic importance. Depending on the crops, the profit per hectare of soybeans is 1162.9–1002.9 manats, winter wheat — 826.8–638.8 manats, maize — 2353.6–2143.6 manats, the profitability level is 121.5–104, 8%, 104.8–80.9% and 220.7–201.0%, respectively.

Collected and analyzed data on soil, ecological, climatic and relief conditions of the Mugan-Salyan cadastre region. The study of relief-climatic factors in the formation of soil and vegetation was carried out on the basis of both literary sources and our own research.

The article deals with the comparative analysis of irrigated and virgin soils in the Mugan-Salyan Massif. A main purpose of the work is to study the effect of intensive irrigation on the soil and the morphogenetic changes in the soil profile. Experimental researches are performed in the field, cameral and laboratorial conditions. Irrigated soils are distinguished from virgin soils by the following morphological features: biological processing, fertility, homogeneity of mechanical composition, formation of modern cultivated layer due to agroirrigation sediments characterized by gray color; heavier mechanical composition; absence of sharply expressed illuvial carbonate content, significantly lower carbonate profile, hardened subsoil formation.

In article effect of entering of norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on weight, a chemical compound and the maintenance of nutrients in stubble the root rests of peas in a mix with sorghum are studied and analyzed. Greater accumulation of root weight in soil depends on a condition of water-physical properties of a ground in arable and subarable layers. In well processed fertile soil the plant root leaves in very deep layers and accumulates more than root weight. The difference in number of the nutrients arriving in soil in root weight and stubble by the rests, is caused by quantity of the vegetative rests and quantity of nutrients in their structure. Besides the nutrients arriving in soil through root weight and stubble the rests, there are favorable conditions for more effective food of plants, including a considerable quantity of carbonic gas. As a result of action of mineral and organic mineral fertilizers increases not only productivity of an elevated part of a plant, but also weight root and stubble the rests which after ploughing are exposed to process humification. During research it was revealed that in a control variant without fertilizers at joint crops sorghum and peas gathered 600 kg/ha stubble the rests, and at the combined entering of organic and mineral fertilizers stubble the rests varied within 660–1000 kg/ha. For the vegetative period the irrigation was spent 3 times, in a non-fertilizing control variant is collected 2450 kg/ha of root weight in summary entering of organic and mineral fertilizers it is collected 2630–3140 kg/ha of root weight that shows a considerable gain. Optimum entering of mineral and organic fertilizers improves a water, air and nutritious mode of soil, raises its fertility, rendering quantitative and qualitatively effective influence on root stubble the rests of the mixed cultures. It proves that the mixed crops of peas with sorghum, are the good predecessor for plants following it.

The quality of food products of animal origin in their markets is controlled by veterinary specialists of veterinary and sanitary examination laboratories. Veterinary and sanitary examination laboratories are organized on the market in ¬ with the established procedure. They are part of a city or district animal disease control station, a district (interdistrict) veterinary laboratory. The main task of the laboratory is veterinary and sanitary examination of food products of animal and plant origin sold on the market, as well as the implementation of measures to prevent human diseases and the spread of infectious animal diseases through products. The quality of the products is monitored in accordance with current standards, rules and procedures. Veterinary specialists of laboratories are responsible for the correctness of the examination, the sanitary well-being and quality of food products allowed for sale, the implementation of measures to comply with sanitary conditions on the market. The article presents the results of scientific and economic experience on the use of vitamin-mineral mixture in the diets of dairy cows. As a result of feeding 100 g of vitamin and mineral supplements to dairy cows, the quality of milk improved. Install. It was found that feeding a complex mineral supplement to dairy cows contributed to an increase in daily milk yield. Milk obtained from Holstein cows and buffaloes was carried out in sanitary and hygienic conditions, which affects the acidity of milk and is of great importance in obtaining a fermented milk product — yogurt. The acidity of milk is one of the important qualitative indicators.

The Albizia julibrissin Durazz. species — one of the relict leguminous trees found in the Republic of Azerbaijan has been investigated. The dynamics of the development of the cenopopulation, in which the species is widespread, was observed in the association of the Persian silk tree or pink silk tree (Albizziaetum julibrissin), and this development was not considered satisfactory. Because the defoliation of species was observed under conditions of middle and older generative age. Observations of weakened and severely weakened viability during the study indicate an unsatisfactory current and future state of the species in this area. The study of the Albizia julibrissin Durazz. species entered in the Red Book of Azerbaijan at the level of cenopopulation allows making predictions about the future population of this plant.

The article deals with the granulometric composition of irrigated-meadow-gray soils (Irrigic Calcisols). Along with the granulometric composition, the ratio of sand, dust and silt fractions was taken into account. The results of the analysis show that the uneven distribution of dependent silt particles supplied with irrigation water causes a variety in the granulometric composition of irrigated soils. At the same time, the differences in the granulometric composition of irrigated lands and raw soils were identified, and the reasons were studied.

Formed in the arid ecosystem of the Greater Caucasus, gray-brown soils were studied in comparison with the phytomass in natural and cultivated cenoses, along with the agrochemical properties of these soils. Comparative study of these indicators on the dominant lands of economically important regions is innovative. Soils of various herbaceous natural cenoses and cover of cultivated cenoses, as well as their agrochemical properties, are important for attracting virgin soils to agriculture. The results show that these lands are suitable for agriculture and high yields.

During the study, it was found that the water collected in the Shamkir reservoir was contaminated with Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella and others belonging to the family of coli-enterobacteria. Infection with taxa of the genus is also evidenced by their spread along the stream in the basin. Comparing our results with the results obtained in previous years, it is clear that the number of coli enterobacteria in the Shamkir reservoir is constantly increasing.

Results of analyzes of the growth and development of species Pterocarya pterocarpa (Michx.) Kunth ex Iljinsk. of the Pterocarya Kunth genus (Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb) — relict plant of the Arctic flora of the III period in ex situ conditions have been shown in the paper. Degree of adaptation of wingnut in ex situ conditions, its growth characteristics were assessed both in young and old age. The biomorphological structure of P. pterocarpa seedlings, the size and number of hypocotyls and germ layer were determined in the course of the study. The formation and growth of simple complex true leaves and the life cycle of germ layer were determined as a result of observations of seedlings. The growth of seedlings of wingnut occurs intensively from the third decade of April to the second decade of June under ex situ conditions have been showed the study. The final productivity of seedlings under in situ conditions was higher than under cultivation conditions in ex situ as was found under studying the growth and development of plant. The vegetation of the species P. pterocarpa under the conditions of Absheron begins from the second decade of March to the second decade of November; the duration of the growing season is several days. P. pterocarpa grows and develops normally in cultural conditions of Absheron on based of the analysis of the research.

Morphogenesis and growth features of seedlings of representatives of the Euonymus L. and Lonicera L. genus in the early development of seedlings have been analyzed in the paper. The study of the morphogenesis of seedlings began with the study of their biomorphological structure, the morphological parameters of leaves and epicothelium. The process of growth and development of these species is more intense in April-June, and the features of the formation of primary and secondary lateral roots were also analyzed the monthly height of representatives of both genus under the conditions of Apsheron. The root system of seedlings of the studied species differed from each other in morphological structure and growth characteristics. Good growth and development of seedlings of the studied species in the dry subtropical climate of Absheron depends on the formation of the upper part, root system, climate, soil factor and agrotechnical service was revealed based on the analysis of the research results.

During the research, the evaluation of Vicia alpestris Steven species based on the study of age and ontogenetic age state in the ontogeny of the coenopopulations has been conducted, and the productivity was studied in the vegetation types up to the formation and association ranks. During the study of the coenopopulation structure, some demographic parameters, including indices of recovery and replacement, age index, coenopopulations types and vitality. The demographic structure was determined by the ratio of different ontogenetic age groups.

The article presents materials of the influence of various norms of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the bioenergetic and economic efficiency of vegetable beans. Comparison of the studied options shows that the bioenergetic efficiency of vegetable beans is the most rational in the N30P30K30 option. The intensive technology of growing vegetable beans is energy efficient, since the energy supply of all options for applying organic and inorganic fertilizers is more than one unit.

The introduction of various fertilizer rates led to a change in the amount of nutrients in the irrigated gray-brown soils of the Absheron Peninsula. The amount of nitrates and ammonia absorbed in soils under legumes increased with increasing fertilization rates. In the course of the experiment, the maximum amount of available phosphorus in the control compared with the soils under legumes was recorded at the early stages of their development. In connection with the formation of vegetative and generative organs of plants during the growing season, the use of mobile phosphorus from the soil by plants increased. The minimum amount of mobile phosphorus in the soil was observed when legumes were fully ripe. A similar process was observed in the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

I decided to write this article after attending a three-week workshop on “Teaching Technology, learning by Design” organized by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia. Basically, taking a look at the above topic throws up quite a number of conflicting and complex thoughts in the mind of the average teacher but considering what evolution has come into the teaching profession in recent, modern times, it is only expedient to look deeply into the subject. Technology as it were, does not literarily suggest the mere use of a Computer or a certain computer program just for the benefit of using a modern, pedagogical teaching method but a goal-driven, well-measured ideology to achieve specific results that go far beyond the four walls of the classroom. The concept of Teaching with Technology Learning by Design is a well-defined idea meant to dissect and treat real-life problems in the classroom and offer possible solutions to such problems with the use of modern technology which creates a near-real life learning and development experience not only for the students involved but also the tutors.

The article presents the results of studies on the change in the intensity of accumulation of nutrients in seeds, in the trunk, root and leaves of green beans, depending on the phase of plant development. The change of indicators of nitrogen availability in the branching phase was 1,05–1,61%, phosphorus 0,79–1,25, and potassium 1,30–1,92%; in the flowering phase respectively 0,84–1,28%; 0,44–0,87%, and 0,95–1,35%; during the period of beans formation: nitrogen 2,26–2,93%, phosphorus 0,85–1,54%; potassium 1,17–1,65%; in the phase of seed formation, respectively 3,51–4,03%; 0,74–1,01%; and 0,86–1,07%. It was revealed that the effectiveness of the use of organic and mineral fertilizers directly depends on the degree of soil fertility, on the phases of plant development during the growing season and other environmental factors.

In this study, evaluated some morphological traits and genotypes by multivariate statistical methods in some oak species (Q. castaneifolia C. A. Mey., Q. pedunculiflora C. Koch., Q. iberica Stev., Q. macranthera Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex Hohen, Q. ilex L.). 910 leaves were sampled from 91 trees, 8 population across Azerbaijan, and 6 morphological traits were assessed. The indicator traits were analyzed using multidimensional statistical analysis for each species. As a result of the component analysis, the three-pointer element (PRIN1, PRIN2, PRIN3) explained 86.97% of the variance among genotypes. These results provide identification of valuable species and patterns in the future selection and application of other genetic programs on the improvement of oaks in Caucuses.

During the study of seed productivity in species of leguminous plants Vicia sativa L., V. crocea Desf., V. alpestris Stev., V. sepium L., Medicago glutinosa Bieb., Astragalus glycyphyllus L., A. falcatus Lam., A. aduncus L., A. kubensis Grossh. and Trifolium caucasicum Tausch. Studied at the level of cenopopulation in the area of different botanical geographical districts of Azerbaijan Republic the highest value has been observed in Trifolium caucasicum Tausch. species (Cp=0.80), and the lowest values in Astragalus glycyphyllus L. (Cp=0.43) and A. aduncus L. (Cp=0.43). By studying seed productivity of leguminous crops, it is possible to achieve significant results in the development of animal husbandry in the country, including the provision of food security.