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A discussao sobre os instrumentos mais eficazes para enfrentar e corrigir os problemas ambientais opoe duas formas basicas de regulacao: de um lado, as acoes baseadas na iniciativa estatal, denominadas “comando e controle”, e, de outro, as realizadas por intermedio de mecanismos de mercado e por iniciativas autonomas de limitacao das acoes, baseadas no civismo, como no caso dos codigos de boa conduta adotados por varias empresas. No presente artigo, discutimos tres desses diferentes dispositivos de regulacao da industria florestal na Amazonia – a certificacao florestal, o modelo das florestas familiares e a politica de concessoes florestais –, procurando destacar suas principais diferencas, com base em uma tipologia das formas gerais de coordenacao das atividades economicas proposta por Boyer (2004), enriquecida por um aporte da economia das convencoes, que classifica o tipo de coordenacao entre atores segundo a natureza da convencao constitutiva predominante. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: industria florestal, governanca, politicas publicas, sociologia economica. ETAT, SOCIETE ET MARCHE: l’analyse des dispositifs de gouvernance de l’industrie forestiere en Amazonie Marcelo Domingos Sampaio Carneiro Dans la discussion portant sur les outils les plus efficaces capables de traiter et de corriger les problemes d’environnement, deux formes basiques de reglementation s’opposent: d’une part, les actions fondees sur l’initiative de l’etat appelees “commande et controle”, d’autre part, les realisations effectuees par l’intermediaire des mecanismes de marche et sur l’initiative de groupes autonomes de limitation des actions, groupes guides par la notion de civisme, comme c’est dans le cas des codes de bonne conduite adoptes par certaines entreprises. Nous presentons dans cet article trois des differents dispositifs de reglementation de l’industrie forestiere en Amazonie – la certification forestiere, le modele des forets familiales et la politique des concessions forestieres – en essayant de mettre en evidence leurs principales differences. Nous nous basons sur une tipologie des formes generales de coordination des activites economiques proposee par Boyer (2004), enrichie par une contribution de l’economie des conventions qui classe le type de coordination entre acteurs en fonction de la nature de la convention constitutive predominante. MOTS-CLES: industrie forestiere, gouvernance, politiques publiques, sociologie economique. BETWEEN STATE, SOCIETY AND THE MARKET: an analysis of the forest industry’s governance devices in the Amazon Marcelo Domingos Sampaio Carneiro The debate on the most efficient devices to cope with environmental problems usually focuses on two opposing forms of regulation: on one side, the actions based on governmental initiatives, the so-called “command and control actions”, and, on the other side, those based on market mechanisms and civic initiatives aiming to constraint the aforesaid actions, such as the codes of good practice adopted by many companies. The present article discusses three regulation devices used by the forest industry in the Amazon – the forest certification, the family forest models and the forest concession policies – in order to highlight their major differences. The discussion is based on Boyer’s typology of mechanisms for economic coordination (2004), enriched by a study on Economics of Convention, that classifies the forms of coordination of actors according to the nature of the main constitutive convention. KEY-WORDS: forest industry, governance, public policies, economic sociology. Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh