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O artigo se propõe a identificar os impactos iniciais da reforma trabalhista sobre o sindicalismo em um contexto desfavorável aos trabalhadores e à ação coletiva, dado o crescimento da precariedade e da informalidade no mercado de trabalho. A análise trata da reconfiguração das classes trabalhadoras e da fragmentação sindical, bem como dos impactos da reforma sobre as estratégias e ações sindicais e sobre as negociações coletivas. A metodologia combinou pesquisas quantitativas sobre mercado de trabalho com análise documental (instrumentos normativos, matérias de imprensa comercial e sindical) e observação participante. Os resultados mostram que os sindicatos buscam se adaptar ao novo contexto, com pequenas inovações substantivas na ação e organização, e que as negociações têm sido tanto espaço de resistência quanto de legitimação do conteúdo da reforma. LABOR REFORM: precarious work and the challenges for unionsThe paper proposes to identify the initial impacts of the labor reform on trade unionism, in a context that is unfavorable to workers and to collective action, resulting from the transformations in the reconfiguration of the working classes, with the growth of precariousness and crisis of the labor market. The analysis focuses on the impacts of this reconfiguration of the working classes and the fragmentation of trade unions, as well as the impacts of the labor reform on union strategies and actions and on collective negotiation. The methodology combined quantitative labor market research with documents (collectives work contracts, commercial and trade union press materials) and participant observation. The results show that the trade unions are searching to adapt to the new context with some substantive innovations in action and organization. The latest negotiations have been, at the same time, spaces of resistance and legitimization of the content of the reform.Key words: Trade unionism; Labor reform; Precariousness; And collective bargaining RÉFORME DU TRAVAIL: le travail précaire et les défis du syndicalismeL’article propose d’identifier les impacts initiaux de la réforme du travail sur le syndicalisme, dans un contexte défavorable aux travailleurs et à l’action collective, en raison du développement de la précarité et de l’informalité dans le marché du travail. L’analyse porte sur la reconfiguration de la classe ouvrière et de la fragmentation syndicale, aussi bien que sur les impacts de la réforme sur les stratégies et actions des syndicats et sur la négociation collective. La méthodologie combine une étude quantitative du marché du travail avec des documents (contrats de travail collectives, matériel de presse commerciale et syndicale) et de l’observation participante. Les résultats montrent que les syndicats essayent de s’adapter au nouveau contexte, avec de petites innovations substantielles dans l’action et l’organisation, et que les négociations sont autant des espaces de résistance comme de légitimation du contenu de la réforme.Key words: Syndicalisme; Réforme du travail; Précarité; Négociation collective

Este artigo apresenta uma analise comparativa do mercado de trabalho do setor da Construcao Civil, no Brasil e na Franca, em um contexto de flexibilizacao. Fruto de pesquisas de campo em canteiros de obras, nesses dois paises, o texto aborda especificidades da informalidade dos contratos de trabalho no setor, que vem produzindo uma transferencia das ilegalidades das grandes para as pequenas empresas. No caso Frances, mediante as agencias de temporarios. No Brasil, atraves das pequenas empresas clandestinas, denominadas “gatas”. Enfatizam-se a percepcao dos trabalhadores frente as ilegalidades e suas estrategias para se manter no mercado. No caso Frances, ressalta-se o trabalho de imigrantes clandestinos ou portadores de titulos de estadia precarios, viabilizados pelas agencias de temporarios. No Brasil, percebe-se que o setor sempre se organizou com base na informalidade e busca, aos poucos, fidelizar os trabalhadores, ainda que se mantenha predominante o trabalho informal. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: informalidade, subcontratacao, construcao civil, trabalho, precariedade. SUBCONTRACTING AND INFORMALITY IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION, IN BRAZIL AND FRANCE Luciano Rodrigues Costa This paper presents a comparative analysis of the labor market of the construction industry in Brazil and France, in a context of flexibility. This text, being the result of field research on construction sites in these two countries, discusses specifics of the informal labor contracts in the sector, which have produced a transfer of illegalities from large to small businesses. In the French case, through temporary agencies. In Brazil, through small businesses underground, called “kittens. ”The perception of workers against such illegalities and their strategies to stay on the market are emphasized. In the French case, the work of illegal or semi-legal immigrants, made possible by temporary agencies. In Brazil, it is clear that the industry has always been organized based on informality and seeks, gradually, to retain workers, even though informal work remains predominant. KEYWORDS: informality, subcontracting, civil construction, labor, precariousness. SOUS-TRAITANCE ET INFORMALITE DANS LA CONSTRUCTION CIVILE, AU BRESIL ET EN FRANCE Luciano Rodrigues Costa Cet article presente une analyse comparative du marche du travail dans la Construction Civile au Bresil et en France, dans un contexte de flexibilite. Fruit des recherches de terrain effectuees sur des chantiers de construction dans ces deux pays, ce texte aborde les specificites des contrats de travail informels dans le secteur qui entrainent un transfert d’illegalites des grandes aux petites entreprises. Dans le cas francais, ceci se fait par le biais des agences d’interim, au Bresil, par le biais des petites entreprises clandestines, appelees “gatas”. On y souligne la perception de ces illegalites par les travailleurs et les strategies utilisees pour rester sur le marche. Dans le cas francais, l’accent est mis sur le travail des immigres clandestins ou porteurs de titres de sejour precaires, rendus possibles par les agences de travail interimaire. Au Bresil on peut se rendre compte que le secteur a toujours ete organise sur la base de l’informel mais cherche progressivement a fideliser les ouvriers, meme si le travail informel reste predominant. MOTS-CLES: informalite, sous-traitance, construction civile, travail, precarite. Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh