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O objetivo desta investigação foi identificar a prevalência da anemia e alguns de seus potenciais determinantes em 754 crianças de áreas urbanas de sete municípios na região do semi-árido baiano. Hemoglobina foi determinada em 745 crianças de um a 72 meses de idade. Para o grupo etário de seis a 72 meses um valor de hemoglobina < 11,0 g/dl identifica a anemia segundo recomendação da OMS enquanto o valor

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the most widely used tools in epidemiological research on discrimination is the Experiences of Discrimination (EOD) scale, used but not validated in Brazil. The objective was to assess the reliability and dimensional structure of the EOD scale in a Brazilian population. A cross-sectional study was performed with 1,380 adults in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed testing a two-factor model: experiences of discrimination and concerned about discrimination. The results of CFA showed satisfactory fit, high factor loads, and adequate reliability, confirming the scale's internal consistency. Residual correlations were identified involving items from both factors. The dimensional structure presented in this study highlights the importance of using different measures of discrimination (interpersonal and group) to allow more in-depth future research on the effects of racism on health.

To verify social inequalities in hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, 2001-2007, an ecological study was conducted with information zones as the units of analysis. Information zones were stratified according to living conditions and analyzed by Poisson regression. Spatial distribution of hospitalization rates due to respiratory diseases ranged from 3.3 to 80.5/10,000. Asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) showed heterogeneous spatial patterns, in which strata with the worst living conditions showed higher hospitalizations rates. The hospitalization rate for respiratory diseases was 2.4 times higher in zones with very low living conditions as compared to the wealthiest zone. There was a reduction in inequalities in hospital admissions for pneumonia and an increase for asthma and COPD. The sharp social gradient supports the hypothesis that socioeconomic factors are determinants of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases.

This study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of the Family Health Program's (FHP) coverage indicator, calculated by using the estimated number of people served by the FHP team, obtained from a national standard. The study included all the Brazilian counties (municipalities) that adopted the FHP strategy from 1998 to 2006. The analytical methods were Pearson's correlation, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, and the Deming regression model. The results showed that at the beginning of the observation period, the coverage indicator did not express the size of the program's population of beneficiaries, when comparing the enrolled population, the number of families under follow-up, and the number of live births recorded. Gradually, and especially beginning in 2000, the indicator began to represent a good estimate of FHP coverage, although the trend differed according to the size of the municipalities (it was more evident among the larger municipalities). The study emphasizes the importance of defining coverage of actions and services in order to orient health program implementation.

The study describes the relationship between anthropometric status, socioeconomic conditions, and quality of home environment and child cognitive development in 320 children from 20 to 42 months of age, randomly selected from 20,000 households that represent the range of socioeconomic and environmental conditions in Salvador, Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The inclusion criterion was to be less than 42 months of age between January and July 1999. Child cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scales for Infant Development, and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (HOME) was applied to assess quality of home environment. Anthropometric status was measured using the indicators weight/age and height/age ratios (z-scores), and socioeconomic data were collected through a standard questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted through univariate and hierarchical linear regression. Socioeconomic factors were found to have an indirect impact on early cognitive development mediated by the child's proximal environment factors, such as appropriate play materials and games available and school attendance. No independent association was seen between nutritional status and early cognitive development.

This study focuses on the determinants of linear growth deficit in under-five children using multilevel modeling. The sample included 3,746 preschoolers from 15 Brazilian municipalities (ten from the State of Bahia and five from São Paulo), with a three-tier analysis (municipalities, households, and children). Municipal data were obtained from the 1991 National Census. Individual and household data were collected from 1999 to 2001 using structured questionnaires and measuring children's weight and height. Analysis used the MLwiN software. In the final multilevel model, low HDI and prenatal care at the municipal level, poor environmental and economic conditions and maternal schooling at the household level, and low birth weight, incomplete immunization, prior history of malnutrition, and no report of breastfeeding at the individual level were strongly associated with linear growth deficit. Total variability of deficit explained by the model was 27.4%, of which 51.3%, 33%, and 15.7% were explained, respectively, by individual, household, and municipal variables.