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The study aimed to assess the association between sleep duration and body composition in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed with 1,269 adolescents from the 1997/1998 birth cohort in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, 18 and 19 years of age. Sleep duration was assessed with accelerometry data. Body composition was assessed with fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI), and body mass index (BMI). Confounding factors were identified in a directed acyclic graph in DAGitty 3.0. Descriptive analyses were performed for all variables, followed by linear regression, with estimation of crude and adjusted regression coefficient with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In adolescent boys, each additional hour of sleep was associated with reductions of 0.30kg/m2 in LMI (95%CI: -0.45; -0.15), 0.26kg/m2 in FMI (95%CI: -0.48; -0.03), and 0.61kg/m2 in BMI (95%CI: -0.93; -0.30). In adolescent girls, each additional hour of sleep was associated with a reduction of 0.22kg/m2 in LMI (95%CI: -0.36; -0.07). Longer duration of sleep was associated with lower LMI in both sexes and lower FMI and BMI in boys, evidencing the importance of adequate hours of sleep for improving body composition indices.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre duração de sono e composição corporal em adolescentes. Estudo transversal, com 1.269 adolescentes de 18 e 19 anos da coorte de nascimentos de 1997/1998 de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. A duração do sono foi avaliada a partir dos dados registrados por acelerometria. A composição corporal foi avaliada pelo o índice de massa gorda (IMG), índice de massa muscular (IMM) e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Os fatores de confusão foram identificados em gráfico acíclico direcionado no programa DAGitty 3.0. Foram realizadas análises descritivas para todas as variáveis e, posteriormente, regressão linear, com estimativa dos coeficientes de regressão brutos e ajustados, com os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Nos adolescentes do sexo masculino, cada hora a mais de sono associou-se a reduções de 0,30kg/m2 do IMM (IC95%: -0,45; -0,15), de 0,26kg/m2 do IMG (IC95%: -0,48; -0,03) e 0,61kg/m2 do IMC (IC95%: -0,93; -0,30). Nas adolescentes, cada hora a mais de sono associou-se à redução de 0,22kg/m2 do IMM (IC95%: -0,36; -0,07). A maior duração do sono associou-se a menor IMM em ambos os sexos e menor IMG e IMC no sexo masculino, o que evidencia a importância de ter adequadas horas de sono para melhorar os índices de composição corporal.El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre duración del sueño y composición corporal en adolescentes. Estudio transversal, con 1.269 adolescentes de 18 y 19 años de la cohorte de nacimientos de 1997/1998 de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. La duración del sueño se evaluó a partir de los datos registrados por acelerometría. La composición corporal se evaluó por el índice de masa grasa (IMG), índice de masa muscular (IMM) e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Los factores de confusión se identificaron en un gráfico acíclico dirigido en el programa DAGitty 3.0. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos para todas las variables y, posteriormente, regresión lineal, con estimación de los coeficientes de regresión brutos y ajustados, con los respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). En los adolescentes del sexo masculino, cada hora más de sueño se asoció con reducciones de 0,30kg/m2 del IMM (IC95%: -0,45; -0,15), de 0,26kg/m2 del IMG (IC95%: -0,48; -0,03) y 0,61kg/m2 del IMC (IC95%: -0,93; -0,30). En las adolescentes, cada hora más de sueño se asoció a la reducción de 0,22kg/m2 del IMM (IC95%: -0,36; -0,07). La mayor duración del sueño se asoció a un menor IMM en ambos sexos y menor IMG e IMC en el sexo masculino, lo que evidencia la importancia de tener adecuadas horas de sueño para mejorar los índices de composición corporal.

Resumo: O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de indicadores de saúde de adolescentes em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, em 2016. Foram estudadas condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, composição corporal, qualidade do sono, atividade física, habilidade cognitiva e risco de suicídio de 2.515 adolescentes com 18 e 19 anos. Os adolescentes pertencem à coorte de nascimento 1997/1998 ou foram incluídos, retrospectivamente, utilizando-se o banco do SINASC (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos). Os adolescentes eram, principalmente, da classe econômica C (50,1%), 69,5% estudavam, 40,3% trabalhavam e 25,2% não estudavam nem trabalhavam; 60,3% já foram vítimas de assalto e 48,7% tinham pais separados. Apresentaram padrão de consumo nocivo, excessivo ou provável dependência de álcool 19,4%, 19,1% usaram ou estavam usando drogas ilícitas, 53,7% tinham qualidade de sono ruim, 40,8% referiram dor de cabeça frequente, 34,3% declararam tempo de tela por dia maior que cinco horas e 4,1% apresentaram alto risco para suicídio. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi de 12% e de obesidade, 6%. As meninas eram mais inativas (80,7%) e apresentaram maior percentual de gordura corporal alto (15,8%) e muito alto (21,5%), já os meninos tiveram maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial (21,2%) e menor prevalência de inatividade física (40,9%). As elevadas prevalências de fatores de risco à saúde aumentam a vulnerabilidade dos adolescentes, expondo estes indivíduos precocemente a fatores que levam ao acometimento cada vez mais cedo de doenças e agravos à saúde. Abstract: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of health indicators among adolescents in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, in 2016. The analysis included sociodemographic conditions, life habits, body composition, sleep quality, physical activity, cognitive performance, and suicide risk in 2,515 adolescents 18 to 19 years of age. The adolescents belonged to the 1997/1998 birth cohort or were included retrospectively using the SINASC (Brazilian Information System on Live Births) database. The adolescents were mainly from economic class C (50.1%), 69.5% were in school, 40.3% were working, and 25.2% were neither studying nor working; 60.3% had been robbed, and 48.7% had parents who were separated or divorced; 19.4% showed harmful or excessive alcohol consumption or probable addiction, 19.1% had used or were using illicit drugs, 53.7% reported poor sleep quality, 40.8% reported frequent headaches, 34.3% reported more than five hours of daily screen time, and 4.1% showed high suicide risk. Prevalence of high blood pressure was 12%, and 6% were obese. Girls were more physically inactive (80.7%) and showed greater percentage of high (15.8%) and very high body fat (21.5%), while boys showed greater prevalence of high blood pressure (21.2%) and lower prevalence of physical inactivity (40.9%). High prevalence rates of health risk factors increase the adolescents’ vulnerability, exposing these individuals earlier to factors leading to diseases and other health problems. Resumen: El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de indicadores de salud de adolescentes en São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, en 2016. Se estudiaron condiciones sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, composición corporal, calidad del sueño, actividad física, habilidad cognitiva y riesgo de suicidio de 2.515 adolescentes con 18 y 19 años. Los adolescentes pertenecían a la cohorte de nacimiento 1997/1998 o se incluyeron, retrospectivamente, utilizando el banco del SINASC (Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos). Los adolescentes eran, principalmente, de clase económica C (50,1%), un 69,5% estudiaban, un 40,3% trabajaban y un 25,2% no estudiaban ni trabajaban; un 60,3% ya fueron víctimas de asalto y un 48,7% tenían a los padres separados. Un 19,4% presentaron un patrón de consumo nocivo, excesivo o probable dependencia de alcohol, Un 19,1% consumieron o estaban consumiendo drogas ilícitas, un 53,7% tenían una calidad de sueño mala, un 40,8% informaron de dolor de cabeza frecuente, un 34,3% declararon tiempo de TV al día mayor que cinco horas y un 4,1% presentaban un alto riesgo de suicidio. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue de un 12% y de obesidad, 6%. Las niñas eran más inactivas (80,7%) y presentaron un mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal alto (15,8%) y muy alto (21,5%), mientras que los niños tuvieron una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (21,2%) y menor prevalencia de inactividad física (40,9%). Las elevadas prevalencias de factores de riesgo para la salud aumentan la vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes, exponiendo a estos individuos precozmente a factores que les llevan a sufrir cada vez más pronto enfermedades y problemas de salud.

This paper describes the history, objectives and methods used by the nine Brazilian cohorts of the RPS Brazilian Birth Cohorts Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís) Common thematic axes are identified and the objectives, baseline periods, follow-up stages and representativity of the population studied are presented. The Consortium includes three birth cohorts from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State (1978/1979, 1994 and 2010), four from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State (1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015), and two from São Luís, Maranhão State (1997 and 2010). The cohorts cover three regions of Brazil, from three distinct states, with marked socioeconomic, cultural and infrastructure differences. The cohorts were started at birth, except for the most recent one in each municipality, where mothers were recruited during pregnancy. The instruments for data collection have been refined in order to approach different exposures during the early phases of life and their long-term influence on the health-disease process. The investigators of the nine cohorts carried out perinatal studies and later studied human capital, mental health, nutrition and precursor signs of noncommunicable diseases. A total of 17,636 liveborns were recruited in Ribeirão Preto, 19,669 in Pelotas, and 7,659 in São Luís. In the studies starting during pregnancy, 1,400 pregnant women were interviewed in Ribeirão Preto, 3,199 in Pelotas, and 1,447 in São Luís. Different strategies were employed to reduce losses to follow-up. This research network allows the analysis of the incidence of diseases and the establishment of possible causal relations that might explain the health outcomes of these populations in order to contribute to the development of governmental actions and health policies more consistent with reality.

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of health indicators among adolescents in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, in 2016. The analysis included sociodemographic conditions, life habits, body composition, sleep quality, physical activity, cognitive performance, and suicide risk in 2,515 adolescents 18 to 19 years of age. The adolescents belonged to the 1997/1998 birth cohort or were included retrospectively using the SINASC (Brazilian Information System on Live Births) database. The adolescents were mainly from economic class C (50.1%), 69.5% were in school, 40.3% were working, and 25.2% were neither studying nor working; 60.3% had been robbed, and 48.7% had parents who were separated or divorced; 19.4% showed harmful or excessive alcohol consumption or probable addiction, 19.1% had used or were using illicit drugs, 53.7% reported poor sleep quality, 40.8% reported frequent headaches, 34.3% reported more than five hours of daily screen time, and 4.1% showed high suicide risk. Prevalence of high blood pressure was 12%, and 6% were obese. Girls were more physically inactive (80.7%) and showed greater percentage of high (15.8%) and very high body fat (21.5%), while boys showed greater prevalence of high blood pressure (21.2%) and lower prevalence of physical inactivity (40.9%). High prevalence rates of health risk factors increase the adolescents' vulnerability, exposing these individuals earlier to factors leading to diseases and other health problems.

The objectives of this study were to estimate the involuntary pilgrimage by women in labor in search of childbirth care and to identify factors associated with this endeavor in two Brazilian cities. This was a cross-sectional study nested in the BRISA birth cohort, whose sample consisted of 10,475 women admitted to the selected maternity hospitals for delivery in São Luís (Maranhão State) and Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo State). Interviews were held with questionnaires that contained sociodemographic and obstetric variables. Hierarchical modeling was used, and relative risk was calculated with Poisson regression. Involuntary pilgrimage during labor was more frequent in São Luís (35.8%) than in Ribeirão Preto (5.8%). In São Luís, factors associated with pilgrimage were: first pregnancy (RR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.08-1.31) and schooling less than 12 complete years. However, age 35 years or older (RR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.54-0.84) was associated with less pilgrimage. In Ribeirão Preto, such trekking for obstetric care was more frequent in women with high-risk pregnancies (RR = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.81-3.32) and those with gestational age less than 37 weeks (RR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.50-2.50). Meanwhile, delivery with gestational age equal to or greater than 42 weeks was associated with less pilgrimage (RR = 0.57; 95%CI: 0.33-0.98). In both cities, poor women had to trek more in search of childbirth care and had no guarantee of care, even for those who had received prenatal care. The study revealed the lack of guarantee of universal and equitable access and highlighted the unequal access to childbirth care between Brazil's major geographic regions.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a peregrinação de gestantes no momento do parto e identificar os fatores associados a essa peregrinação em duas cidades brasileiras. Estudo seccional, aninhado à coorte de nascimento BRISA, cuja amostra foi composta por 10.475 gestantes admitidas nas maternidades selecionadas por ocasião do parto em São Luís (Maranhão) e Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo). Entrevistas foram realizadas utilizando-se questionários que continham variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas ao parto. Utilizou-se modelagem hierarquizada, e calculou-se o risco relativo utilizando regressão de Poisson. A peregrinação foi mais frequente em São Luís (35,8%) que em Ribeirão Preto (5,8%). Em São Luís, foram fatores associados à maior peregrinação: ser primípara (RR = 1,19; IC95%: 1,08-1,31) e ter escolaridade menor que 12 ou mais anos de estudo. Entretanto, ter 35 anos ou mais (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,54-0,84) foi fator associado à menor peregrinação. Em Ribeirão Preto, peregrinaram com maior frequência as gestantes cujos partos foram de alto risco (RR = 2,45; IC95%: 1,81-3,32) e com idade gestacional inferior a 37 semanas (RR = 1,93; IC95%: 1,50-2,50). No entanto, partos com idade gestacional igual ou acima de 42 semanas foi um fator associado à menor peregrinação (RR = 0,57; IC95%: 0,33-0,98). Nas duas cidades, gestantes pobres peregrinaram com maior frequência, e sem garantia de que seriam atendidas, mesmo dentre as que realizaram o pré-natal. O estudo evidenciou ausência da garantia de acesso universal e equânime e reafirmou a desigualdade de acesso à assistência ao parto entre as regiões brasileiras.El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar los desplazamientos largos de gestantes en el momento del parto e identificar los factores asociados a estos desplazamientos en dos ciudades brasileñas. Se trata de una investigación seccional, encajada en la cohorte de nacimiento BRISA, cuya muestra estuvo compuesta por 10.475 gestantes, admitidas en las maternidades seleccionadas para dar a luz en São Luís (Maranhão) y Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo). Las entrevistas se realizaron utilizando cuestionarios que contenían variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con el parto. Se utilizó un modelado jerarquizado, y se calculó el riesgo relativo utilizando la regresión de Poisson. Los desplazamientos fueron más frecuentes en São Luís (35,8%) que en Ribeirão Preto (5,8%). En São Luís, los factores asociados a mayores desplazamientos fueron: ser primípara (RR = 1,19; IC95%: 1,08-1,31) y contar con una escolaridad menor a 12 o más años de estudio. Sin embargo, tener 35 años o más (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,54-0,84) fue un factor asociado a menores desplazamientos. En Ribeirão Preto, se desplazaron con mayor frecuencia las gestantes cuyos partos fueron de alto riesgo (RR = 2,45; IC95%: 1,81-3,32) y con una edad gestacional inferior a 37 semanas (RR = 1,93; IC95%: 1,50-2,50). Sin embargo, los partos con una edad gestacional igual o por encima de las 42 semanas fue un factor asociado a un menor desplazamiento (RR = 0,57; IC95%: 0,33-0,98). En las dos ciudades, las gestantes pobres se desplazaron con mayor frecuencia, y sin garantía de que serían atendidas, incluso entre quienes realizaron seguimiento prenatal. El estudio evidenció la inexistencia de garantías de acceso universal y ecuánime a la salud y reafirmó la desigualdad de acceso en la asistencia al parto entre regiones brasileñas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mental health and physical inactivity in 1,447 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Subjects answered the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, and stress levels were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. The rate of physical inactivity was low (39.8%). The prevalence rates of symptoms of severe depression and severe levels of anxiety were 28.8% and 16.9%, respectively. The average perceived stress score was 24.9. An association was found between physical inactivity and not living with a partner (OR = 1.28), having a manual occupation (OR = 0.71) and, unexpectedly, normal and low levels of anxiety (OR = 1.46 and OR = 1.44, respectively). No association was observed between physical inactivity and symptoms of severe depression and perceived stress. It is plausible to assume that the majority of physical activity practiced by these women was attributable to housework or occupation which may in turn be associated with high levels of anxiety. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre indicadores de saúde mental e a inatividade física em amostra com 1.447 mulheres no 2º trimestre gestacional, que responderam ao Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física - versão curta, à Escala de Rastreamento Populacional para Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos, à Escala de Ansiedade de Beck e à Escala de Estresse Percebido. A taxa de inatividade física foi baixa (39,8%), sintomas depressivos graves estiverem presentes em 28,8% da amostra e nível de ansiedade intensa em 16,9%. O escore médio de estresse percebido foi de 24,9. Não residir com companheiro (RP = 1,28), função ocupacional manual (RP = 0,71) e, ao contrário do esperado, níveis de ansiedade normal (RP = 1,46) e leve (RP = 1,44) apresentaram associação com a inatividade física. Não houve associação entre estresse e sintomas de depressão com a inatividade física. É possível que nas mulheres desta amostra uma parcela importante da atividade física esteja ligada a atividades domésticas ou laborais, que poderiam estar associadas a maiores níveis de ansiedade. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la salud mental y la inactividad física en 1.447 mujeres, durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo, que respondieron al Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física -versión corta, la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos, la Escala de Ansiedad de Beck y la Escala de Estrés Percibido. La tasa de inactividad fue baja (39,8%), síntomas depresivos graves estaban presentes en un 28,8% de la muestra y el nivel de ansiedad intensa en un 16,9%. La puntuación media de estrés percibido fue de 24,9. No vivir en pareja (RP = 1,28), función manual de trabajo (RP = 0,71) y, contrariamente a lo esperado, nivel de ansiedad leve (PR = 1,46) y mínimo (PR = 1,44) mostraron asociación con la inactividad física. No fue encontrada ninguna asociación entre el estrés percibido y los síntomas de la depresión con la inactividad física. Es posible que en las mujeres de la muestra una porción significativa de la actividad física esté relacionada a las actividades domésticas o de empleo, que podrían estar asociadas con mayores niveles de ansiedad.

O objetivo foi reavaliar a estrutura dimensional da versão brasileira do WHOQOL-BREF, consistência interna e validade fatorial convergente e discriminante. Estudo seccional em 386 trabalhadores de saúde. A análise fatorial confirmatória testou a estrutura do WHOQOL-BREF (24 e 26 itens) e a sugerida pela análise fatorial exploratória. Consistência interna foi aferida via confiabilidade composta; validade convergente e discriminante, pela variância média extraída e correlação entre fatores. O modelo de melhor ajuste foi o sugerido pela análise fatorial exploratória (26 itens) com seis fatores: quatro propostos teoricamente (geral, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente) e dois pela subdivisão do domínio físico. Os itens "energia" e "segurança" (respectivamente, do físico e meio ambiente) foram remanejados para o psicológico. A confiabilidade composta foi boa (> 0,70), à exceção do fator geral. Validade convergente e discriminante foram adequadas para relações sociais e físico 2. Persistem controvérsias sobre a dimensionalidade do WHOQOL-BREF, particularmente sobre o domínio físico.

This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and anxiety and interference in the mother/child relationship, using structural equations modeling. Data were used from a prospective cohort study initiated during the prenatal period with 1,140 mothers in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil. Data were collected during prenatal care and when the children reached two years of age. Interference in the mother/child relationship was measured with the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire - PBQ (N = 1,140). In the initial theoretical model, socioeconomic status determined the maternal demographic, psychosocial, and social support factors, which determined the outcome, i.e., the mother/child relationship. Adjustments were performed by structural equations modeling, using Mplus 7.0. The final model showed good fit (RMSEA = 0.047; CFI = 0.984; TLI = 0.981). Depressive symptoms in pregnancy and the postpartum were associated with higher PBQ scores, indicating interference in the mother/child relationship. The greatest effect was from depressive symptoms in pregnancy. Other factors associated with higher PBQ scores were lower social support, unfavorable socioeconomic status, and living without a partner, by indirect association. Anxiety symptoms and maternal age were not associated with the mother/child relationship. The results suggest that identifying and treating depression in pregnancy and postpartum can improve mother/child bonding in childhood.

This study analyzed the effects of gestational weight gain and breastfeeding on postpartum weight retention. The study followed 2,607 women from the BRISA cohort. The variables were age, socioeconomic status, parity, pre-gestational body mass index, gestational weight gain, duration of maternal breastfeeding, length of postpartum follow-up, and postpartum weight gain. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the total, direct, and indirect effects of the explanatory variables on postpartum weight retention. An increase of one standard deviation in gestational weight gain corresponded to a significant increase of 0.49 standard deviations in postpartum weight retention (p0.001). An increase of one standard deviation in duration of breastfeeding corresponded to mean decrease of 0.10 standard deviations in postpartum weight retention (p0.001). Independently of pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain is a risk factor and duration of breastfeeding is a protective factor against postpartum weight retention.

Se investigo la asociacion entre actividad fisica durante el segundo trimestre gestacional y los desenlaces perinatales adversos: bajo peso al nacer (BPN), nacimiento pretermino (NPT) y restriccion de crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU). Se utilizo una muestra de la cohorte BRISA, Sao Luis, Maranhao, Brasil, que incluyo mujeres con un embarazo unico, edad gestacional de 22 a 25 semanas, confirmada por ultrasonografia obstetrica realizada con < 20 semanas, reentrevistadas en las primeras 24 horas tras el parto (n = 1.380). El nivel de actividad fisica fue medido por el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Fisica (IPAQ), version corta, y categorizado en alto, moderado y bajo. El grafo aciclico dirigido (DAG) se utilizo para identificar un ajuste minimo para el control de confusores. Un nivel alto de actividad fisica no se asocio al BPN (RR = 0,94; IC95%: 0,54-1,63), NPT (RR = 0,86; IC95%: 0,48-1,54) o RCIU (RR = 0,80; IC95%: 0,55-1,15). Los resultados fortalecen la hipotesis de que la practica de actividad fisica en la gestacion no parece resultar en desenlaces adversos al nacimiento.

The objective of this study was to analyze changes in perinatal health in two birth cohorts started in 1997/1998 and 2010, respectively, in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil. A total of 2,493 live born infants were included in 1997/1998 and 5,166 in 2010. Low birth weight (LBW) rate did not change (8.5% in 1997/1998 and 8.6% in 2010). Preterm birth (PTB) rate also remained stable (13.2% in 1997/1998 and 13% in 2010). Teenage deliveries and births to single mothers decreased. Maternal schooling and prenatal care coverage increased. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) decreased from 13.3% to 10.6% (p < 0.001). The perinatal mortality rate decreased from 36.6 to 20.7 per 1,000 (p < 0.001) and the infant mortality rate (IMR) dropped from 28.5 to 12.8 per 1,000 (p < 0.001). The cesarean rate increased from 34.1% to 47.5% (p < 0.001). In conclusion, despite favorable changes in socio-demographic, behavioral, and health service factors and decreasing rates of IUGR and perinatal and infant mortality, LBW and PTB remained stable, while the cesarean rate increased. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as mudanças na saúde perinatal em duas coortes de nascimento realizadas em 1997/1998 e 2010, em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Um total de 2.493 nascidos vivos foi incluído em 1997/1998 e 5.166 em 2010. A taxa de baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) não se modificou (8,5% em 1997/1998 e 8,6% em 2010). A taxa de nascimento pré-termo (NPT) também permaneceu estável (13,2% em 1997/1998 e 13% em 2010). Nascimentos em adolescentes e em mulheres sem companheiro decresceram. A escolaridade materna e a cobertura do pré-natal aumentaram. A taxa de restrição de crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) diminuiu de 13,3% para 10,6% (p < 0,001). A taxa de mortalidade perinatal foi reduzida de 36,6 para 20,7 por mil (p < 0,001) e a taxa de mortalidade infantil diminuiu de 28,5 para 12,8 por mil (p < 0,001). A taxa de cesárea (TC) aumentou de 34,1% para 47,5% (p < 0,001). Apesar das mudanças favoráveis nas variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de serviços de saúde e da redução nas taxas de RCIU, mortalidade perinatal e infantil, as taxas de BPN e NPT permaneceram estáveis, enquanto a TC aumentou. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los cambios de la salud perinatal en dos cohortes de nacimiento realizadas en 1997/1998 y 2010 en São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Un total de 2.493 niños nacidos vivos fueron incluidos en 1997/1998 y 5.166 en 2010. La tasa de bajo peso al nacer (BPN) no cambió (8,5% y 8,6%). La tasa del nacimiento prematuro (TNP) también se mantuvo estable (13,2% y 13%). Los nacimientos entre adolescentes y madres solteras disminuyeron. La escolaridad de la madre y la cobertura de atención prenatal aumentaron. La tasa de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) se redujo de un 13,3% a un 10,6% (p < 0,001). La tasa de mortalidad perinatal disminuyó de 36,6 a 20,7 por mil (p < 0,001), y la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) se redujo de 28,5 a 12,8 por mil (p < 0,001). La tasa de cesárea (TC) aumentó de 34,1% a 47,5% (p < 0,001). A pesar de los cambios favorables en factores sociodemográficos, de conducta y de servicios de salud, y de la reducción de RCIU, mortalidad perinatal e infantil, las tasas de BPN y el PTB se mantuvieron estables, mientras que la TC aumentó.

The study aimed to evaluate vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete basic vaccination schedule at 12 months of age in 427 children aged 12-59 months in São Luis, Maranhão State, Brazil, 2006. This cross-sectional, population-based household survey used complex cluster sampling. Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance was applied. Complete basic vaccination coverage was 71.9% for applied doses, 61.8% for valid doses, and 23.6% for correct doses. Hepatitis B and tetravalent vaccines showed higher percentages of doses on dates or at intervals lower than recommended. Percentages of delayed vaccination were high, except for BCG. Incomplete basic vaccination was more frequent in girls and children from low-income and black families. Racial, gender, and socioeconomic factors posed barriers to complete vaccination, thus emphasizing the need for policies to address such inequalities.

Secular trends in rates of low birth weight in Brazilian state capital cities were evaluated for the period 1996 to 2010 using joinpoint regression models. The rates were calculated using data from the Live Births Information System. Newborns weighing less than 500 g were excluded. Only data for capital cities was included since under-registration of births in these cities is lower and new trends can be detected earlier. There was a significant increase in the rate of low birth weight in the Brazilian capitals of the North Region, Northeast Region, South Region and Southeast Region up to 2003/2004, stabilizing thereafter. In the capitals of the Center-west Region the rate increased throughout the whole study period. The rate of low birth weight was higher in the capitals of the more developed regions. The rate of multiple births increased significantly in all Brazilian capitals, while the stillbirth rate decreased and showed a negative correlation with the rate of low birth weight. The increase in the rate of low birth weight may be partially explained by the increase in multiple births, an increase in the birth of infants weighing 500 to 999 g and by the reduction in the stillbirth rate.