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Canadian citizenship is a young official category of belonging, and the relationship of Aboriginal people to that category remains contested ground: scholars debate the legal status of First Nations people within the Canadian state while other academics and First Nations leaders note that these nations never ceded their sovereignty to a foreign colonial state. While such debates have deep historic roots, more recent post-1945 government policies and programs reveal the extent to which Aboriginal peoples continued to be seen as outsiders who need to be assimilated to the ‘mainstream.’ As a historical contribution to these ongoing debates, this paper explores efforts to create a distinct and common Canadian citizenship in the years after the Second World War when, as a follow-up to the passage of the 1947 Canadian Citizenship Act, the federal government strategically chose to combine its management of immigrant admissions, reception, and citizenship with its Indian Affairs policies under the rubric of one new federal ministry, the Department of Citizenship and Immigration (DCI). From 1950 until 1966, the Indian Affairs branch was located in the DCI, where its activities were heavily modelled after the citizenship campaigns being developed for immigrants within the DCI's Canadian Citizenship Branch. This paper reveals the ways in which ministry officials and their network of public and private groups and agencies aimed to create a one-size-fits-all category of societal Canadian citizenship. To do so they deliberately constructed Aboriginal peoples as ‘immigrants too’ and targeted both ‘Canada's original inhabitants’ and newly arrived European refugees and immigrants with similar ‘Canadianization’ programs. The analysis of the programs targeting both groups highlights the similarities (for example, both Natives and newcomers were constructed as outsiders who needed to adopt dominant middle-class Canadian social and moral codes and pro-capitalist values) and the differences (for example, the immigrant campaigns were more tolerant of cultural differences than the Aboriginal campaigns that, despite their seemingly progressive rhetoric, effectively continued earlier assimilationist policies) as well as their gendered and class features. In offering this comparative analysis between these twinned postwar campaigns, the paper brings together two histories, Aboriginal and immigrant, that have usually been studied in isolation from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the themes of gender, ethnicity, and immigration in post-Second World War Canada, suggesting the 'Fordist accord' that emerged after the war was characterized by continuing inequalities in the labour force, particularly along the lines of ethnicity, 'race' and gender. By examining the controversy surrounding a small group of Polish displaced persons brought to Canada to work in the textile mill of Ludger Dionne, a Quebec member of Parliament, the article provides a window into contemporary debates about immigration and refugees. The Dionne 'scandal'; was not only a concern for the public, the press, Parliament, and the labour movement, but also the Department of External Affairs, which had to repair damaged relations with Poland after the women were brought to Canada as displaced persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A bibliography is presented on topics related to Canada which includes the articles "Engendered Nationality: Haudenosaunee Tradition, Sport, and the Lines of Gender" by Allan Downey, "The Basques in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Adjacent Shores" by Brad Lowewen and Vincent Delmas, and "Experience Rather Than Imagination: Researching the Return Migration of African North Americans During the American Civil War and Reconstruction" by Adam Arenson.

This article explores the nexus of gender, modernity, and visuality in the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation celebrations in 1927. Using the jubilee as a case study of the continuing conservative elements after the First World War, this essay argues that jubilee material promoted the idea that certain men had the ability to see the potential of the nation in relation to particular spaces, especially the North. Further, in privileging a specific group of modern men, jubilee organizers argued that this ‘sight’ echoed the foresight of the Fathers of Confederation. The appeal to men's allegedly innate vision also helped shore up a perceived embattled modern, white, bourgeois masculinity. This article also briefly discusses the impact of this gendering of vision in regard to women's perceived roles in nation-building, particularly in relation to Miss Canada and the underlying ambiguities concerning modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]