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A study was conducted to evaluate whether encapsulated active dried yeast (EDY), compared with non-protected active dried yeast (ADY) or antibiotics (ANT), improved immune response and blood metabolites of finishing beef heifers. Blood urea nitrogen was lower (P

This study aimed to clone the cDNA of PepT1, an H+-dependent oligopeptide transporter, from kid goats and examine effects of physiological development (suckling, weaning, and post-weaning) of the animal and feeding system (supplemental feeding vs. grazing) on peptide transport capability. A 2395 bp cDNA sequence of pept1 (GenBank: MH308024) was cloned and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high homology and structure similarity with PepT1 of sheep and cattle. The pept1 was expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract of kid goats immediately after birth and during development. Relative abundance of pept1 decreased in all segments except the middle-jejunum during suckling, whereas its expression in most segments of small intestine increased with age after weaning and remained stable thereafter. Middle-jejunum was the predominant expression site and probably the main peptide absorption site. Supplemental feeding enhanced pept1 expression because it increased protein intake compared with grazing. No feeding system × age interaction was observed in most segments; the expression was age related during suckling and diet related during weaning and post-weaning, indicating that feeding system and age had independent effects on pept1 expression. These results indicate that PepT1 plays an important role for protein nutrition in neonatal goats, and its expression can be affected by feeding system.

An in situ study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding red osier dogwood (ROD) on ruminal digestion of barley, ROD, and barley silage in beef heifers. Heifers were fed diets that varied by substituting ROD for barley silage at 0%, 3%, 7%, or 10%. Slowly degradable fraction and effective degradability (ED) of ROD crude protein (CP) linearly (P

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) or yeast derivatives (YD) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in batch culture. The study was a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement: 2 media pH × 5 yeasts × 4 dosages. An additional treatment of monensin (Mon) was added as a positive control for each pH level. Media pH was low (5.8) and high (6.5); the yeasts were three LY (LY1-3) and two YD (YD4-5); and doses were 0, 4 × 106, 8 × 106, and 1.6 × 107 cfu mL−1 for LY and 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg bottle−1 for YD. Substrate consisted of 10% silage and 90% concentrate (DM basis) and samples were incubated for 24 h. Media pH of 6.5 vs. 5.8, increased (P 3-N concentration and copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Increasing dose of LY2 linearly (P

There is limited knowledge on the effect of barley silage (BS) with different ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (ivNDFD) on dairy cow performance and chewing activity. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of BS varieties selected for varying rates of ivNDFD on lactation performance and chewing activity of high-yield dairy cows in comparison with a new corn silage (CS) hybrid. A 4 × 4 Latin square design was applied in this study with four mid-lactating multiparous Holstein cows. The cows were fed diets containing 49% barley-based concentrate and 51% forage (dry matter basis). The results show that cows fed CS produced more milk (P

The objectives of this study were to assess the magnitude of differences among barley silages with different in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (ivNDFD) in comparison with corn silage i...

Feces from cattle fed 65 different diets were used to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations to predict fecal composition [organic matter (OM), starch, nitrogen (N), neutral deterge...