20 results on '"Julian, V."'
Search Results
2. Jean-Paul Brodeur, l'homme et sa pensée
- Author
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Stenning, Philip C. and Roberts, Julian V.
- Published
- 2011
3. The Scholarship of Jean-Paul Brodeur
- Author
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Stenning, Philip C. and Roberts, Julian V.
- Published
- 2011
4. “Faint Hope” in the Firing Line: Repeal of Section 745.6?
- Author
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Roberts, Julian V.
- Published
- 2009
5. Evaluating the Youth Criminal Justice Act after Five Years: A Qualified Success
- Author
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Bala, Nicholas, Carrington, Peter J., and Roberts, Julian V.
- Published
- 2009
6. Public Confidence in Criminal Justice in Canada: A Comparative and Contextual Analysis
- Author
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Roberts, Julian V
- Published
- 2007
7. Public Attitudes to Sentencing in Canada: Exploring Recent Findings
- Author
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Roberts, Julian V, Crutcher, Nicole, and Verbrugge, Paul
- Published
- 2007
8. Aboriginal Incarceration in Canada since 1978: Every Picture Tells the Same Story
- Author
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Andrew A. Reid and Julian V. Roberts
- Subjects
Law ,05 social sciences ,050501 criminology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sociology ,Imprisonment ,Humanities ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,0505 law - Abstract
Au Canada, la determination de la peine comporte de nombreux problemes, mais un point faible se demarque : le tres haut taux d'incarceration chez les Autochtones. Cet article documente les tendances actuelles et historiques des taux d'incarcerations des Autochtones aux niveaux provincial/territorial et federal depuis 1978. Nous nous attardons particulierement aux annees qui ont suivies deux jugements importants de la Cour supreme (en 1999 et 2012) qui a ordonne les cours de faire preuve de plus grande retenue quand venait le temps de determiner la peine de detenus autochtones. Les donnees primaires viennent de l'enquete sur les Services correctionnels pour adultes realisee par Statistiques Canada. En 2014, les personnes autochtones formaient un peu plus d'un quart de toutes les incarcerations provinciales et territoriales, une hausse importante depuis le pourcentage note en 1978 (16 %). En fait, au cours des 20 dernieres annees, toutes les juridictions sauf une ont note une augmentation du pourcentage d'incarcerations d'Autochtones dans les etablissements correctionnels provinciaux et territoriaux. Malgre les jugements de la Cour supreme et des cours d'appel provinciales, ainsi que plusieurs autres interventions de reeducation, notamment la creation de tribunaux dits Gladue et une forme alternative de detention passee dans la communaute, le probleme de la surincarceration des Autochtones s'est empire au lieu de s'ameliorer. Abstract: Sentencing in Canada is beset by many problems, yet one weakness stands above the rest: the disproportionately high rates of Aboriginal incarceration. This article documents current and historical trends in levels of Aboriginal incarceration at the provincial/territorial and federal levels since 1978. We pay particular attention to the years following two important Supreme Court judgements (in 1999 and 2012) that directed the courts to use custody with greater restraint when sentencing an Aboriginal offender. The primary data derive from the annual Adult Correctional Services survey conducted by Statistics Canada. In 2014, Aboriginal persons accounted for just over one quarter of all provincial and territorial admissions, significantly higher than the percentage recorded in 1978 (16%). In fact, over the past 20 years, all jurisdictions save one have experienced an increase in the percentage of Aboriginal admissions to provincial and territorial correctional institutions. Despite judgements from the Supreme Court and provincial courts of appeal, as well as several other remedial interventions, such as the creation of so-called Gladue courts and an alternate form of custody that would be served in the community, the problem of Aboriginal over-incarceration has worsened, not improved.
- Published
- 2017
9. Harmonizing the sentencing of young and adult offenders: a comparison of the Youth Criminal Justice Act and Part XXIII of the Criminal Code (1).
- Author
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Roberts, Julian V.
- Subjects
Juvenile justice, Administration of -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Juvenile offenders -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Canada. Criminal Code (R.S.C. ch. C-46, s. 718) ,Canada. Youth Criminal Justice Act 2001 ,Canada. Young Offenders Act 1984 - Abstract
The proclamation into force of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) in 2003 inaugurated a new era in the sentencing of juveniles in Canada. The act represents a significant break [...], This brief article reviews the principal sentencing provisions of the new Youth Criminal Justice Act, and explores their relationship to sentencing at the adult court level. As well, a number of normative issues raised by the YCJA are addressed. It is clear that a central goal of the act is to harmonize sentencing at the adult and youth court levels. However, several important differences remain, including the following: (1) the statement of purpose of sentencing in youth justice courts lays more emphasis on rehabilitation; (2) although the utilitarian sentencing objectives of deterrence, denunciation, and incapacitation are relevant to the sentencing of adults, they are not stated objectives)or sentencing juveniles; (3) while important, proportionality plays a lesser role in the sentencing of juvenile offenders, although the influence of the principle will increase with the age of the young person; (4) courts should resort to the incarceration of the offender less often when sentencing juvenile offenders; (5) when considering the principle of parity in sentencing, the frame of reference for youth courts should be the region in which the individual is being sentenced; there is no such statutory direction at the adult level. Dans ce court article, l'auteur passe en revue les principales dispositions de la nouvelle Loi sur le systeme de justice penale pour les adolescents en ce qui a trait a la determination de la peine, en les comparant aux dispositions analogues applicables aux contrevenants adultes. Il examine egalement un certain nombre de questions a caractere normatif que souleve la nouvelle loi. Or, il est evident que cette loi a pour but d'assurer l'harmonisation des decisions concernant la determination de la peine aux tribunaux pour adolescents et pour adultes. Cependant, plusieurs differences notables subsistent, dont les suivantes: (1) la declaration du but de la determination de la peine aux tribunaux de la jeunesse met davantage l'accent sur la rehabilitation; (2) les objectives utilitaires de la determination de la peine, soit la dissuasion, la denonciation et la neutralisation, meme s'ils s'appliquent a la determination de la peine a infliger aux adultes, ne sont pas enonces explicitement dans la nouvelle loi portant sur les adolescents; (3) le principe de la responsabilite proportionnelle, tout en etant important, joue un role moindre dans la determination de la peine a imposer aux jeunes contrevenants, mais l'influence de cette responsabilitd s'accroit avec l'age de l'adolescent; (4) les tribunaux devraient imposer l'incarceration moins souvent dans le cas des jeunes contrevenants; (5) en ce qui concerne le principe de la parite en matiere de determination de la peine, le cadre de reference des tribunaux pour adolescents doit etre la region ou on prononce la sentence, alors qu'aucune directive statutaire de la sorte ne s'applique aux contrevenants adultes.
- Published
- 2004
10. Introduction: commentaries on policing in Toronto.
- Author
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Roberts, Julian V.
- Subjects
Communications industry -- Influence ,Mass media -- Influence ,Newspaper publishing -- Influence ,Police -- Media coverage ,Racial profiling -- Media coverage ,Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. -- Influence ,Toronto, Ontario. Police Service -- Media coverage - Abstract
From time to time this journal examines in greater detail issues of particular importance to criminology and criminal justice in Canada. One such issue is clearly the implications of a [...]
- Published
- 2003
11. The incarceration of Aboriginal offenders: trends from 1978 to 2001.
- Author
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Roberts, Julian V. and Melchers, Ronald
- Subjects
Criminal statistics -- Demographic aspects ,Canadian native peoples -- Social aspects ,Prisoners -- Demographic aspects - Abstract
Visible minorities generally account for disproportionate numbers of admissions to custody in all Western nations, including Canada (see Tonry 1997; Roberts and Doob 1997). Aboriginal peoples in particular are over-represented [...], Depuis longtemps, les commissions d'enquete, tous les paliers de gouvernement et les documents de recherche et statistiques portant sur les corrections au Canada signalent les taux eleves de detention des Autochtones. Au cours de 2000-2001, derniere annee pour laquelle des donnees sont disponibles, les contrevenants autochtones representaient 19% des admissions en detention provinciale et 17% des admissions en detention federale. Les auteurs du present article examinent les admissions des contrevenants autochtones et non autochtones condamnes a l'incarceration depuis 1978, annee ou des statistiques nationales indiquant l'origine ethnique des contrevenants avaient ete publiees pour la premiere fois. Dans le cadre de cette analyse, on porte une attention particuliere aux tendances qui se sont dessinees dernierement, alors que le Parlement et la Cour supreme ont essaye d'apporter des solutions au probleme. Plus precisement, celui-la a voulu enchasser dans la loi la specificite des contrevenants autochtones; celle-ci a rendu des jugements fondes sur l'interpretation des dispositions en matiere de determination de la peine du Code criminel adoptees en 1996. Or, les resultats de l'etude demontrent que les efforts consentis depuis une vingtaine d'annees en vue de reduire le nombre d'Autochtones admis en detention n'ont pas obtenu les resultats escomptes. Bien que le nombre d'admissions en detention des Autochtones ait diminue depuis 1993-1994, les admissions des non Autochtones ont diminue plus rapidement, ce qui laisse entendre que ce ne sont pas les changements specifiques de politique qui sont responsables de la baisse des taux autochtones. The high rates of Aboriginal admissions to custody have been noted by Commissions of Inquiry, all levels of government, and Corrections texts in Canada for some time. In the most recent year for which data are available (2000-2001), Aboriginal offenders accounted for 19% of provincial admissions and 17% of federal admissions to custody. This article examines provincial custodial sentenced admissions for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders since 1978, when national statistics including the ethnicity of the offender were first published. Particular emphasis is paid in this analysis to recent trends during a period in which Parliament and the Supreme Court have tried to address the problem, the former by statutory recognition of the unique nature of Aboriginal offenders, the latter by judgments interpreting Criminal Code sentencing provisions introduced in 1996. The findings suggest that little progress has been made in reducing the number of Aboriginal sentenced admissions over the past few decades. Although the volume of Aboriginal admissions to custody has declined since 1993-1994, non-Aboriginal admissions have declined at an even faster rate, suggesting that specific policy changes are not responsible for the Aboriginal decline.
- Published
- 2003
12. Forum: the role of the victim in plea bargaining/Rubrique speciale sur le role de la victime dans les negociations de plaidoyer.
- Author
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Roberts, Julian V.
- Abstract
Editor's introduction This forum aims to promote one of our journal's primary functions: to bring together scholars and practitioners working in the criminal justice system. It addresses one of the [...]
- Published
- 2004
13. Editorial.
- Author
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Roberts, Julian V.
- Abstract
This issue of file journal inaugurates a new era in the history of our publication. The journal will henceforth be published by the University of Toronto Press, the leading scholarly [...]
- Published
- 2003
14. Jean-Paul Brodeur, l'homme et sa pensée
- Author
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Philip Stenning and Julian V. Roberts
- Subjects
Political science ,Law ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2011
15. Public Confidence in Criminal Justice in Canada: A Comparative and Contextual Analysis
- Author
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Julian V. Roberts
- Subjects
Context analysis ,Public confidence ,Ethnology ,Sociology ,Law ,Humanities ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Criminal justice - Abstract
Public confidence in criminal justice has emerged as an important issue in most western nations. Several jurisdictions have made promoting public confidence a policy priority, and governments in many countries have recently conducted public opinion surveys to gauge levels of confidence in criminal justice. However, little is known about levels of public confidence in criminal justice in Canada. This article reviews the empirical research on this issue and attempts to explain current trends. Although a significant plurality of the public expresses little confidence in the justice system, more people are positive than are negative. In comparison to other countries, confidence levels in criminal justice are generally higher in Canada. This said, the public has less confidence in the justice system than in other public institutions such as the health care system. Consistent with findings elsewhere, the police attract most, and the prison system the least amount of public confidence. The article places these findings in context, and discusses their implications for research and policy. Dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, le niveau de confiance que le grand public manifeste envers le regime de justice penale est devenu une question importante. Ainsi, en etablissant leurs orientations politiques, plusieurs instances ont privilegie la promotion de cette confiance, et au cours des dernieres annees les gouvernements de maints pays ont mene des enquetes d'opinion publique destinees a jauger le niveau de confiance du grand public envers la justice penale. Cependant, nos connaissances concernant les taux de confiance envers la justice penale au Canada sont limitees. Dans le present article, l'auteur passe en revue les recherches empiriques en la matiere et presente une explication des tendances actuelles. Ainsi, alors qu'un nombre significatif de Canadiens expriment peu de confiance envers le systeme de justice penale, l'opinion de la plupart des repondants est plutot favorable. En general, les niveaux de confiance envers le systeme de justice penale sont plus eleves au Canada qu'ailleurs. Ceci dit, le grand public manifeste moins de confiance envers le systeme de justice qu'envers d'autres composantes du secteur public telles que le systeme des soins de sante. Ce sont les services policiers qui jouissent du plus haut niveau de confiance, alors que le systeme carceral obtient la cote la plus faible. Enfin, l'auteur contextualise ces constats et discute de leurs impacts eventuels sur les recherches ulterieures et les politiques gouvernementales.
- Published
- 2007
16. Public Attitudes to Sentencing in Canada: Exploring Recent Findings
- Author
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Nicole Crutcher, Julian V. Roberts, and Paul Verbrugge
- Subjects
Law ,Deterrence (psychology) ,Sociology ,Criminology ,Public support ,Imprisonment ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This article reports findings from two representative public-opinion surveys that explored Canadians' attitudes toward three important sentencing issues: the severity of sentencing; the purposes of sentencing; and mandatory sentences of imprisonment. As has been found by polls over the past 30 years, most Canadians believe that sentencing practices are too lenient. The same result emerged from a poll conducted in 2005: 74% of respondents held the view that sentencing is too lenient - a finding consistent with polls conducted throughout the 1980s. With respect to the purposes of sentencing, strongest public support emerged for the restorative sentencing objectives of promoting a sense of responsibility in the offender and securing reparation for the crime victim. There was less support for the more traditional purposes of deterrence and incapacitation. This finding represents a marked contrast to findings from the last survey that evaluated public reaction to sentencing purposes (in 1985). Slightly more than half the sample in 2005 expressed support for mandatory sentencing - a result consistent with opinion surveys from the United States and Australia. However, there was strong public support for mandatory sentencing legislation that also permits a limited degree of judicial discretion. The public appear aware of the dangers of an absolute mandatory sentence of imprisonment and support mandatory sentences in which courts may impose a lesser sentence where exceptional circumstances exist. The implications of these findings for sentencing policy in Canada are discussed. © 2007 CJCCJ/RCCJP.
- Published
- 2007
17. Forum: The Role of the Victim in Plea Bargaining Rubrique spéciale sur le rôle de la victime dans les négociations de plaidoyer
- Author
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Julian V. Roberts
- Subjects
Politics ,Plea ,Law ,Common law ,Sociology ,Criminal code ,Victim impact statement ,Element (criminal law) ,Criminology ,Economic Justice ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Criminal justice - Abstract
Editor's introduction This forum aims to promote one of our journal's primary functions: to bring together scholars and practitioners working in the criminal justice system. It addresses one of the most vexing issues in criminal justice: the role of the victim. The movement promoting victims' rights has gained considerable ground in recent decades--in Canada as well as in other common law jurisdictions (see Roach 1999; Sebba 1996). Victims now have considerably more input into the criminal process than they had 20 years ago. In the area of sentencing, since 1988 crime victims in Canada have had the right to submit a victim impact statement at sentencing; more recent amendments to the Criminal Code have expanded still further the rights of the victim in this regard. The contributors to this forum address the role of the victim in plea negotiations, a much misunderstood element of the criminal justice system. Victim advocates have long argued that crime victims should have some input into these discussions. Simon Verdun-Jones and Adamira Tijerino, academics from the School of Criminology at Simon Fraser University, review the experience with respect to victim input, both here and in the United States. They examine a number of different models to provide victims with more "voice" in these discussions. Their article is followed by commentaries contributed by three experienced and distinguished criminal justice practitioners: Judge Donna Hackett of the Ontario Court of Justice; Nevina Crisante, Counsel for the Ontario Victim Services Secretariat; and Allen Edgar, Director of the Centre for Judicial Research and Education in Toronto. The journal is grateful to these individuals for taking the time from their busy schedules to read and respond to the Verdun-Jones and Tijerino article. Julian V. Roberts Editor, Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice References Roach, Kent 1999 Due Process and Victims' Rights: The New Law and Politics of Criminal Justice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Sebba, Leslie 1996 "Third Parties": Victims and the Criminal Justice System. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. Rubrique speciale sur le role de la victime dans les negociations de plaidoyer Introduction du redacteur en chef Ce forum s'est donne pour objectif de faire la promotion de l'une des fonctions principales de la Revue : rassembler les chercheurs et les praticiens oauvrant au sein du systeme de justice penale. C'est ainsi que, sous cette rubrique speciale, nous voulons approfondir l'une des questions des plus delicates dans le domaine de la justice penale, soit le role de la victime. …
- Published
- 2004
18. Harmonizing the Sentencing of Young and Adult Offenders: A Comparison of the Youth Criminal Justice Act and Part XXIII of the Criminal Code
- Author
-
Julian V. Roberts
- Subjects
Law ,Denunciation ,Juvenile delinquency ,Normative ,Proportionality (law) ,Criminal code ,Criminology ,Adult Offenders ,Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Young person ,Criminal justice - Abstract
This brief article reviews the principal sentencing provisions of the new Youth Criminal Justice Act, and explores their relationship to sentencing at the adult court level. As well, a number of normative issues raised by the YCJA are addressed. It is clear that a central goal of the act is to harmonize sentencing at the adult and youth court levels. However, several important differences remain, including the following: (1) the statement of purpose of sentencing in youth justice courts lays more emphasis on rehabilitation; (2) although the utilitarian sentencing objectives of deterrence, denunciation, and incapacitation are relevant to the sentencing of adults, they are not stated objectives for sentencing juveniles; (3) while important, proportionality plays a lesser role in the sentencing of juvenile offenders, although the influence of the principle will increase with the age of the young person; (4) courts should resort to the incarceration of the offender less often when sentencing juvenile offenders; (5) when considering the principle of parity in sentencing, the frame of reference for youth courts should be the region in which the individual is being sentenced; there is no such statutory direction at the adult level.
- Published
- 2004
19. Introduction: Commentaries on Policing in Toronto
- Author
-
Julian V. Roberts
- Subjects
Media studies ,Sociology ,Law ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2003
20. The Incarceration of Aboriginal Offenders: Trends from 1978 to 2001
- Author
-
Ronald Melchers and Julian V. Roberts
- Subjects
High rate ,Government ,Political science ,Law ,Criminology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The high rates of Aboriginal admissions to custody have been noted by Commissions of Inquiry, all levels of government, and Corrections texts in Canada for some time. In the most recent year for which data are available (2000–2001), Aboriginal offenders accounted for 19% of provincial admissions and 17% of federal admissions to custody. This article examines provincial custodial sentenced admissions for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders since 1978, when national statistics including the ethnicity of the offender were first published. Particular emphasis is paid in this analysis to recent trends during a period in which Parliament and the Supreme Court have tried to address the problem, the former by statutory recognition of the unique nature of Aboriginal offenders, the latter by judgments interpreting Criminal Code sentencing provisions introduced in 1996. The findings suggest that little progress has been made in reducing the number of Aboriginal sentenced admissions over the past few decades. Although the volume of Aboriginal admissions to custody has declined since 1993–1994, non-Aboriginal admissions have declined at an even faster rate, suggesting that specific policy changes are not responsible for the Aboriginal decline.
- Published
- 2003
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