1. Revised stratigraphy of the middle Simcoe Group (Ordovician, upper Sandbian-Katian) in its type area: an integrated approach
- Author
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Paton, Timothy R. and Brett, Carlton E.
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Earth sciences - Abstract
The Upper Ordovician Bobcaygeon Formation of southern Ontario is a widespread unit that spans the Sandbian-Katian stage boundary and contains exceptionally preserved invertebrate fossil assemblages, including the famed 'Kirkfield echinoderm fauna.' However, the precise correlation of this interval remains poorly understood. This paper presents new data on high-resolution sequence and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of the Bobcaygeon interval based on new quarry exposures and introduces refined definitions of unit boundaries based on allostratigraphic criteria. Sequence, chemo-, and biostratigraphic evidence indicate that the Bobcaygeon Formation represents a composite unit as it encompasses a major erosional unconformity. The Coboconk and Kirkfield formations, described in the early 20th century, were merged into a single unit, the Bobcaygeon, out of concern that the original lithostratigraphic divisions would be conflated with biostratigraphic zones of the same names. However, these biostratigraphic zones are no longer favoured, and the lower member of the Bobcaygeon is here elevated again to the status of formation (Coboconk Formation) and represents the uppermost portion of the Sandbian M4 sequence. The middle and upper members of the Bobcaygeon, herein reassigned to the Kirkfield Formation, represent the upper Sandbian to lower Katian M5A and M5B sequences recognized widely in the eastern and central United States. The term Bobcaygeon is retained and elevated to the rank of subgroup. The Kirkfield Formation is divided into three members and contacts are refined, placing a 1-2 m transgressive grainstone at the base of each sequence. These units are correlated with equivalent strata of New York and the Cincinnati Arch. Key words: Upper Ordovician, Kirkfield Formation, Bobcaygeon Formation, sequence stratigraphy, chemostratigraphy. La Formation de Bobcaygeon de l'Ordovicien superieur du sud de l'Ontario est une unite repandue qui chevauche la limite des etages Sandbiens et Katiens et renferme des assemblages de fossiles invertebres remarquablement bien preserves, dont la celebre << faune d'echinodermes de Kirkfield >>. La correlation precise de cet intervalle demeure toutefois mal comprise. L'article presente de nouvelles donnees de haute resolution sur la chimiostratigraphie sequentielle et des isotopes du carbone de l'intervalle de Bobcaygeon provenant de nouveaux affleurements en carriere et propose des definitions plus fines des limites d'unites basees sur des criteres allostratigraphiques. Les observations sequentielles, chimiostratigraphiques et biostratigraphiques indiquent que la Formation de Bobcaygeon represente une unite composite puisqu'elle renferme une importante discordance d'erosion. Les formations de Coboconk et Kirkfield, decrites au debut du [20.sup.e] siecle, avaient ete fusionnees en une seule unite, la Formation de Bobcaygeon, par peur que les divisions lithostratigraphiques originales ne soient confondues avec les zones biostratigraphiques portant les memes noms. L'usage de ces zones biostratigraphiques n'est toutefois plus preconise, et le membre inferieur de l'intervalle de Bobcaygeon est une fois de plus eleve au statut de formation (Formation de Coboconk) et represente la partie sommitale de la sequence sandbienne M4. Les membres intermediaire et superieur de l'intervalle de Bobcaygeon, reaffectes ici a la Formation de Kirkfield, representent les sequences M5A et M5B du Sandbien superieur au Katien inferieur reconnues largement dans l'est et le centre des Etats-Unis. Le terme Bobcaygeon est retenu et eleve au rang de sous-groupe. La Formation de Kirkfield est divisee en trois membres dont les contacts sont definis plus finement, en placant un grainstone transgressif de 1-2 m a la base de chaque sequence. Ces unites sont correlees a des strates equivalentes de l'Etat de New York et du bombement de Cincinnati. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Ordovicien superieur, Formation de Kirkfield, Formation de Bobcaygeon, stratigraphie sequentielle, chimiostratigraphie., Introduction Upper Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the Lake Simcoe area of southern Ontario, Canada (Fig. 1), dominated by shallow-water subtropical carbonates, provide key insights into paleoenvironments, sea level fluctuations, and [...]
- Published
- 2020
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