27 results
Search Results
2. Thematic Issue on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
- Author
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Smith, Derryck H.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,PARENT-teenager relationships ,BULLYING & psychology ,ADOLESCENT psychiatry ,ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,BULLYING ,CHILD psychiatry ,MENTAL depression ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,CRIME victims ,PSYCHOLOGY of crime victims ,FAMILY relations ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,METABOLIC syndrome ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
An introduction to the journal is presented which discusses various papers published within the issue, including one on adolescent distress following a separation period from their fathers, one on the effects of bullying on adolescent victims, and another on the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young adults.
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- 2015
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- View/download PDF
3. Are there injury-prone children? A critical review of the literature.
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Wazana, Ashley and Wazana, A
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CHILDREN'S injuries ,CHILDREN'S accidents ,CHILD psychiatry ,CHILD psychology ,CHILD psychopathology ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PSYCHIATRY ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,TRAFFIC accidents -- Psychological aspects ,TRAFFIC safety ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology) ,BEHAVIOR ,LONGITUDINAL method ,TRAFFIC accidents ,WOUNDS & injuries ,CASE-control method - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
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- View/download PDF
4. Mental Disorder Symptoms among Public Safety Personnel in Canada.
- Author
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Carleton, R. Nicholas, Afifi, Tracie O., Turner, Sarah, Taillieu, Tamara, Duranceau, Sophie, LeBouthillier, Daniel M., Sareen, Jitender, Ricciardelli, Rose, MacPhee, Renee S., Groll, Dianne, Hozempa, Kadie, Brunet, Alain, Weekes, John R., Griffiths, Curt T., Abrams, Kelly J., Jones, Nicholas A., Beshai, Shadi, Cramm, Heidi A., Dobson, Keith S., and Hatcher, Simon
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MENTAL illness risk factors ,PUBLIC safety ,SYMPTOMS ,MENTAL health of police ,PSYCHOLOGY of correctional personnel ,MENTAL health of medical personnel ,DISPATCHERS ,CALL center agents ,PSYCHOLOGY ,EMPLOYEES ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL emergencies ,OCCUPATIONAL diseases ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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5. Examining the Application of the Opening Minds Survey in the Community Health Centre Setting.
- Author
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van der Maas, Mark, Stuart, Heather, Patten, Scott B., Lentinello, Emily K., Bobbili, Sireesha J., Mann, Robert E., Hamilton, Hayley A., Sapag, Jamie C., Corrigan, Patrick, and Khenti, Akwatu
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HEALTH surveys ,PATIENT-professional relations ,COMMUNITY health services ,SOCIAL stigma ,CARE of people ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,SUBSTANCE-induced disorders ,MENTAL illness treatment ,PSYCHOLOGY ,HEALTH ,PATIENTS ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL personnel ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,EVALUATION research ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Suicide Ideation and Attempts among First Nations Peoples Living On-Reserve in Canada: The Intergenerational and Cumulative Effects of Indian Residential Schools.
- Author
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McQuaid, Robyn Jane, Bombay, Amy, McInnis, Opal Arilla, Humeny, Courtney, Matheson, Kimberly, and Anisman, Hymie
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ABORIGINAL Canadians ,FIRST Nations of Canada ,SUICIDAL ideation ,SUICIDAL behavior ,OFF-reservation boarding schools ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,PSYCHOLOGY ,HEALTH ,HISTORY of race relations ,HISTORY ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,SCHOOLS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
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7. Indigenous Suicide: A Global Perspective with a New Zealand Focus.
- Author
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Hatcher, Simon
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ABORIGINAL Canadians ,SUICIDE ,ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY ,SUICIDE prevention ,SOCIAL belonging ,MAORI (New Zealand people) ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Misattributions and Potential Consequences: The Case of Child Mental Health Problems and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.
- Author
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McLennan, John D.
- Subjects
CHILD psychology ,MENTAL health ,FETAL alcohol syndrome ,ALCOHOL drinking risk factors ,PHYSICAL abuse ,NEURODEVELOPMENTAL treatment ,DISEASE risk factors ,PSYCHIATRIC diagnosis ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,MENTAL illness ,ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology) ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,MEDICAL protocols ,COMORBIDITY ,PSYCHOLOGY ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
The article focuses on consequences of child mental health and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Topics discussed include problem of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) associated with fetal alcohol syndrome, children referred to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) clinics are found to have risk exposures in addition to PAE like physical abuse and exposure to parental substance use after birth, and requirement of evidence in alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) diagnosis.
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- 2015
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9. Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Canadian Military.
- Author
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Brunet, Alain, Monson, Eva, Liu, Aihua, and Fikretoglu, Deniz
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EMOTIONAL trauma ,MENTAL health of military personnel ,CANADIAN military ,CANADIANS ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,PSYCHOLOGY ,CHARTS, diagrams, etc. ,DEMOGRAPHY ,DISASTERS & psychology ,VIOLENCE & psychology ,DISASTERS ,INTERVIEWING ,SEX crimes ,MILITARY personnel ,PSYCHOLOGY of military personnel ,VIOLENCE ,OCCUPATIONAL hazards ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,CROSS-sectional method ,DISEASE prevalence ,KAPLAN-Meier estimator ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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10. The association between pathological gambling and attempted suicide: findings from a national survey in Canada.
- Author
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Newman, Stephen C. and Thompson, Angus H.
- Subjects
GAMBLING ,SUICIDAL behavior ,HEALTH surveys ,REGRESSION analysis ,MENTAL depression ,ALCOHOLISM ,DRUG addiction ,MENTAL health services ,GAMBLING & psychology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
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11. Suicide and its prevention among older adults.
- Author
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Heisel, Marnin J.
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SUICIDE prevention ,OLDER people ,SUICIDE victims ,MORTALITY ,MENTAL health ,SUICIDAL behavior ,MENTAL illness ,SOCIAL networks ,PUBLIC health ,OLDER men with mental illness ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,SUICIDE & psychology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH status indicators ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PSYCHOLOGY ,RESEARCH ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EVALUATION research ,MENTAL health services administration - Abstract
Objective: To review the research on the epidemiology, risk and resiliency, assessment, treatment, and prevention of late-life suicide.Method: I reviewed mortality statistics. I searched MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases for research on suicide risk and resiliency and for randomized controlled trials with suicidal outcomes. I also reviewed mental health outreach and suicide prevention initiatives.Results: Approximately 12/100,000 individuals aged 65 years or over die by suicide in Canada annually. Suicide is most prevalent among older white men; risk is associated with suicidal ideation or behaviour, mental illness, personality vulnerability, medical illness, losses and poor social supports, functional impairment, and low resiliency. Novel measures to assess late-life suicide features are under development. Few randomized treatment trials exist with at-risk older adults.Conclusions: Research is needed on risk and resiliency and clinical assessment and interventions for at-risk older adults. Collaborative outreach strategies might aid suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
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12. Profile of a metropolitan North American immigrant suicidal adolescent population.
- Author
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Greenfield, Brian, Rousseau, Cécile, Slatkoff, Joshua, Lewkowski, Maxime, Davis, Michael, Dube, Sébastien, Lashley, Myrna E., Morin, Isabelle, Dray, Patti, Harnden, Bonnie, Rousseau, Cécile, and Dube, Sébastien
- Subjects
TEENAGE suicide ,IMMIGRANTS ,SUICIDAL behavior ,SUICIDE risk factors ,DRUG abuse ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,PSYCHIATRY ,TEENAGERS ,ADOLESCENT psychology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEMOGRAPHY ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,HEALTH service areas ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: Canadian immigrant adolescents have a lower suicide rate than their nonimmigrant peers. We conducted a hypothesis-generating analysis to determine whether this lower rate correlated with level of drug use and (or) with diagnostic and demographic characteristics of Canadian immigrant adolescents presenting to an emergency room for crisis assessment.Method: Known risk factors for suicide were compared among immigrant youth, North American youth, and a culturally mixed group of youth at baseline and at 6-month follow-up.Results: The immigrant group was only differentiated by a lower rate of reported drug use.Conclusion: The lower rate of reported drug use at the time of crisis may contribute to the lower suicide rate among immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
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13. Managing depression-related occupational disability: a pragmatic approach.
- Author
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Bilsker, Dan, Wiseman, Stephen, and Gilbert, Merv
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OCCUPATIONAL sociology ,SOCIOLOGY of work ,MENTAL depression ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,EMPLOYMENT ,MENTAL illness ,PSYCHOLOGY ,STRESS management ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology ,ATTITUDES toward work ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,THERAPEUTICS ,LABOR laws ,OCCUPATIONAL diseases ,WORK environment & psychology ,HEALTH insurance ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,PSYCHOLOGY of People with disabilities ,SICK leave ,SOCIAL services case management ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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14. Descriptive epidemiology of major depression in Canada.
- Author
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Patten, Scott B., Jian Li Wang, Williams, Jeanne V. A., Currie, Shawn, Beck, Cynthia A., Maxwell, Colleen J., El-Guebaly, Nady, and Wang, Jian Li
- Subjects
MENTAL depression ,STATISTICAL sampling ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,PSYCHOLOGY ,STRESS management ,PUBLIC health ,REGRESSION analysis ,HEALTH ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEMOGRAPHY ,EMPLOYMENT ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,TIME ,EVALUATION research ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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15. Barriers to access to mental health services for ethnic seniors: the Toronto study.
- Author
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Sadavoy, Joel, Meier, Rosemary, Amoy Yuk Mui Ong, Rosemary, and Ong, Amoy Yuk Mui
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MENTAL health services for older people ,MINORITY older people ,MENTAL health ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,PSYCHIATRY ,PSYCHOLOGY ,MENTAL illness treatment ,MEDICAL care for older people ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,FOCUS groups ,GERIATRIC psychiatry ,HEALTH care teams ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL referrals ,MENTAL health services ,MENTAL illness ,RESEARCH ,CITY dwellers ,ASIANS ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Objective: To identify and describe barriers to access to mental health services encountered by ethnoracial seniors.Method: A multiracial, multicultural, and multidisciplinary team including a community workgroup worked in partnership with seniors, families, and service providers in urban Toronto Chinese and Tamil communities to develop a broad, stratified sample of participants and to guide the study. This participatory, action-research project used qualitative methodology based on grounded theory to generate areas of inquiry. Each of 17 focus groups applied the same semistructured format and sequence of inquiry.Results: Key barriers to adequate care include inadequate numbers of trained and acceptable mental health workers, especially psychiatrists; limited awareness of mental disorders among all participants: limited understanding and capacity to negotiate the current system because of systemic barriers and lack of information; disturbance of family support structures; decline in individual self-worth; reliance on ethnospecific social agencies that are not designed or funded for formal mental health care; lack of services that combine ethnoracial, geriatric, and psychiatric care; inadequacy and unacceptability of interpreter services; reluctance of seniors and families to acknowledge mental health problems for fear of rejection and stigma; lack of appropriate professional responses; and inappropriate referral patterns.Conclusions: There is a clear need for more mental health workers from ethnic backgrounds, especially appropriately trained psychiatrists, and for upgrading the mental health service capacity of frontline agencies through training and core funding. Active community education programs are necessary to counter stigma and improve knowledge of mental disorders and available services. Mainstream services require acceptable and appropriate entry points. Mental health services need to be flexible enough to serve changing populations and to include services specific to ethnic groups, such as providing comprehensive care for seniors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
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16. Psychiatric distress among road rage victims and perpetrators.
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Smart, Reginald G., Asbridge, Mark, Mann, Robert E., and Adlaf, Edward M.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,MENTAL illness ,ROAD rage ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) ,ANGER ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEMOGRAPHY ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,CRIME victims ,VIOLENCE ,EVALUATION research ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relation between psychiatric distress and road rage, paying particular attention to the potential link between psychiatric illness and frequent involvement in serious forms of road rage.Method: This study reports data on road rage involvement, demographic characteristics, and mental health for a representative sample of 2610 adults in Ontario. The mental health indicator was the 12-item General Health Questionnaire.Results: A cluster analysis revealed 5 distinct groups of people affected by road rage. The most serious offenders (referred to hereafter as the hard core road rage group), representing 5.5% of those affected, exhibited frequent involvement in the most severe forms of road rage and were the most likely (27.5%) to report psychiatric distress.Conclusions: Road rage, particularly experiences of victimization, is related to psychiatric distress. Evidence of psychiatric distress was highest among hard core road rage perpetrators, individuals noted for frequent involvement in serious aggressive and violent conduct. Further research is needed on violence and road rage and its link to mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2003
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17. Preventing schizophrenia and psychotic behaviour: definitions and methodological issues.
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Faraone, Stephen V., Brown, C. Hendricks, Glatt, Stephen J., Ming T. Tsuang, and Tsuang, Ming T
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PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,MENTAL illness prevention ,AFFECT (Psychology) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GENE expression ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PREVENTIVE health services ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PSYCHOSES ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Although schizophrenia onset usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, much research shows that its seeds are planted early in life and that eventual onset occurs at the end of a neurodevelopmental process leading to aberrant brain functioning. This idea, along with the fact that current therapies are far from fully effective, suggests that preventive treatments may be needed to achieve an ideal outcome for schizophrenia patients and those predisposed to the disorder. In this article, we review the methodological challenges that must be overcome before effective preventive interventions can be created. Prevention studies will need to define the target population. This requires the identification of risk factors that will be useful in selecting at-risk people for preventive treatment. We review currently identified risk factors for schizophrenia: genes, psychosocial factors, pregnancy and delivery complications, and viruses. We also review 3 different types of prevention programs: universal, indicated, and selective. For schizophrenia, we distinguish prevention programs that target prodromal cases and those that target the disorder's premorbid precursors. Although those targeting prodromal cases provide a useful framework for early treatment of the disorder, studies of premorbid individuals are needed to design a truly preventive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
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18. The neurobiology of bipolar disorder: focus on signal transduction pathways and the regulation of gene expression.
- Author
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Bezchlibnyk, Yarema and Young, L Trevor
- Subjects
BIPOLAR disorder ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,GENE expression ,BRAIN ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GENES ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEMBRANE proteins ,RESEARCH ,TRANSFERASES ,EVALUATION research ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: This article presents an overview of signal transduction pathways and reviews the research undertaken to study these systems in clinically relevant samples from patients with bipolar disorder (BD).Method: We reviewed the published findings from studies of postmortem brain tissue and blood samples from patients with BD.Results: Although the exact biochemical abnormalities have yet to be identified, the presented findings strongly suggest that BD may be due, at least in part, to abnormalities in signal transduction mechanisms. In particular, altered levels or function, or both, of G-protein alpha subunits and effector molecules such as protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) have consistently been associated with BD both in peripheral cells and in postmortem brain tissue, while more recent studies implicate disruption in novel second-messenger cascades, such as the ERK/MAPK pathway.Conclusions: Despite the difficulties inherent in biochemical studies of clinically relevant tissue samples, numerous investigations have illuminated the signal transduction mechanisms in patients with BD. These studies also suggest that BD may be due to the interaction of many abnormalities. In this context, novel techniques enabling the study of gene expression promise to assist in untangling these complex interactions, through visualizing the end result of these changes at the level of gene transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2002
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19. Posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma exposure, and the current health of Canadian bus drivers.
- Author
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Vedantham, Kumar, Vedantham, K, Brunet, A, Boyer, R, Weiss, D S, Metzler, T J, and Marmar, C R
- Subjects
POST-traumatic stress disorder ,BUS drivers ,HEALTH ,OCCUPATIONAL disease diagnosis ,DIAGNOSIS of post-traumatic stress disorder ,SOMATOFORM disorders ,OCCUPATIONAL diseases ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PSYCHOSOMATIC disorders ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MOTOR vehicles ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,RESEARCH ,TRANSPORTATION ,CITY dwellers ,EVALUATION research ,CROSS-sectional method ,DIAGNOSIS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: Previous studies of veterans have linked posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after combat-related trauma to increased reports of health problems. It is unclear whether this association between PTSD and increased health problems generalizes to civilians who are exposed to a broader array of traumatic events. We also do not know whether trauma exposure is associated with increased health problems in individuals who do not develop PTSD. Using a non-treatment-seeking civilian sample, we examined whether lifetime PTSD or trauma exposure by itself was associated with current health problems.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design and self-report measures, we evaluated urban Canadian bus drivers (n = 342) on trauma exposure, lifetime PTSD, and current health problems. Based on their responses, we divided our sample into individuals who had never experienced trauma (n = 91), trauma-exposed individuals who had never developed PTSD (n = 218), and persons who developed PTSD at some point after trauma (n = 33). We compared these groups on health problems, treatment service use, and health assessment measures.Results: The PTSD group reported increased health complaints, more frequent use of health treatments, and poorer health self-ratings compared with the exposed non-PTSD and nonexposed groups. Trauma-exposed drivers without PTSD did not differ from unexposed drivers on any health measure. Controlling for sex and trauma frequency did not alter our findings.Conclusions: Trauma exposure that leads to PTSD is associated with increased health problems, while trauma exposure alone is not. Our results extend previous findings to a broader civilian context and clarify associations between trauma exposure and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2001
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20. Downsizing psychiatric hospitals: needs for care and services of current and discharged long-stay inpatients.
- Author
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Lesage, Alain D, Morissette, Raymond, Fortier, Linda, Reinharz, Daniel, Contandriopoulos, Andre-Pierre, Lesage, A D, Morissette, R, Fortier, L, Reinharz, D, and Contandriopoulos, A P
- Subjects
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION ,PSYCHIATRIC hospital care ,PSYCHIATRIC hospital admission & discharge ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH facilities ,LONG-term health care ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,PSYCHOSES ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,DISCHARGE planning ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,DIAGNOSIS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: With the psychiatric deinstitutionalization movement in its fourth decade, questions are being raised concerning its relevance for long-stay inpatients with severe disabilities and the risk that those discharged into the community may be abandoned.Methods: A random sample taken in 1989 of long-stay inpatients at Louis-H Lafontaine Hospital made it possible to examine 96 pairs of patients. Each pair included 1 patient discharged between 1989 and 1998 and 1 patient hospitalized. Pairs were matched for sex, age, length of stay, and level of psychiatric care in 1989. Patients and staff were interviewed using standardized questionnaires, and case notes were reviewed to assess symptoms, daily living skills, residential status, quality of residential setting, and clinical and social problems and needs.Results: The investigation revealed that discharged patients moved to highly supervised settings, which included professionally supervised group homes, supervised hostels, and foster families. About 20% went to nursing homes owing to loss of autonomy from physical disorders. Only 4 discharged patients were lost to follow-up, of whom 2 were probable vagrants. Both those discharged and those remaining as inpatients presented with major clinical problems and daily living skill deficits. The care needs of discharged patients were generally met, and placement in the community was considered appropriate. Of those who had remained hospitalized, over one-half could be moved to supervised settings immediately, or after 1 to 2 years' preparation in a discharge unit, while 13% could be moved to nursing homes. Over 25% required intensive, individualized rehabilitation treatment targeting engagement, psychotic symptoms, withdrawal, and dangerous and socially embarrassing behaviours.Conclusion: Deinstitutionalization in the largest Canadian psychiatric hospital did not lead to patient abandonment in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2000
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21. Homeless shelter users in the postdeinstitutionalization era.
- Author
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Stuart, HL, Arboleda-Florez, J, Stuart, H L, and Arboleda-Flórez, J
- Subjects
HOMELESS persons ,SYMPTOMS ,HEALTH facilities ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHIATRIC diagnosis ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION ,HEALTH service areas ,HUMANITARIANISM ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,TIME ,EVALUATION research ,CROSS-sectional method ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: To describe the psychiatric symptomatology and mental health service needs of homeless shelter users in Calgary, Alberta. Data were collected as part of a broad-based community action initiative designed to reduce the problem of homelessness.Methods: A semistructured interview was conducted with a representative sample of 250 emergency shelter users. Mental health problems were measured through self-reports of 9 psychiatric symptoms known to be related to illnesses prevalent among homeless populations (depression, anxiety, and psychoses). The CAGE alcohol screen was also used.Results: Three-quarters of the sample expressed some symptomatology. About one-third were estimated to have a significant mental health problem. The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse was 33.6%. Higher levels of psychiatric symptomatology appeared to relate to a wide range of hardships, personal and public health risks, addictive behaviours, victimization, economic and interpersonal life events, dissatisfaction, and stress. Also, those with significant symptomatology frequently needed mental health care services but often did not know where to access them.Conclusions: The prevalence of mental health and substance abuse problems within homeless populations is significant and associated with considerable hardship as well as personal and public health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2000
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22. Physicians who commit sexual offences: are they different from other sex offenders?
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Langevin, Ron, Glancy, Graham D, Curnoe, S, Bain, J, Langevin, R, and Glancy, G D
- Subjects
SEX offenders ,GENERAL practitioners ,CRIME victims ,PSYCHIATRIC diagnosis ,SEX crimes ,SEX crime laws ,MENTAL illness ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) ,ANTISOCIAL personality disorders ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,IMPAIRED medical personnel ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,DIAGNOSIS ,STATUS (Law) ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: To determine if physician sex offenders differ significantly from other sex offenders by using a control group and assessing both groups with reliable and valid instruments.Method: Nineteen male physician sex offenders were compared with 19 male sex offender control subjects, matched on offence type, age, education, and marital status. Both groups were compared with a general sample of sex offenders (n = 2125). The 3 groups were compared on sexual history and preference, substance abuse, mental illness, personality, history of crime and violence, neuropsychological impairment, and endocrine abnormalities.Results: Physicians in this study were highly educated and older, forming a statistically significant subgroup of sex offenders. The majority of physician sex offenders suffered from a sexual disorder (68.4%), as did the other 2 groups. Physicians showed more neuropsychological impairment and endocrine abnormalities and less antisocial behaviour than did the general sample of sex offenders but did not differ from the matched control group. Physician offenders who sexually assaulted their patients did not differ from those who had nonpatient victims.Conclusions: Despite differences in age, education, and occupation between physician sex offenders and sex offenders in general, the same assessment procedures can be recommended for examining both groups. Although the sample size is small, results suggest that physicians who commit sexual offences should be scrutinized by phallometric assessment of sexual deviance and especially for neurological and endocrine abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1999
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23. Measuring unfitness to stand trial: psychological analysis of a legal issue.
- Author
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Veiel, HOF, Coles, EM, Veiel, H O, and Coles, E M
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COMPETENCY to stand trial ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,CAPACITY (Law) ,FORENSIC psychiatry ,TERMS & phrases ,LAW ,LEGISLATION ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The structure of the legal concept of unfitness to stand trial and how it corresponds to psychometric concepts is examined. We conclude that psychometric attempts at quantification and measurement are logically flawed, because they inappropriately treat fitness/unfitness as an individual trait rather than as situation-specific conjunctive/disjunctive concepts. It is argued that, whereas psychometric approaches may be suitable for measuring single components of unfitness, an overall "fitness" score is meaningless and that the assessment should focus on elements of unfitness. The determination of unfitness requires the simultaneous consideration of several different individual capabilities in reference to the demands of a specific trial. The quantification of these specific capabilities by psychologists can assist psychiatrists and the court, but the evaluation of their influence on unfitness in the instant case must be left to the court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
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24. The relationship of catatonia symptoms to symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Cernovsky, Zack Z., Landmark, Johan A., Merskey, Harold, O'Reilly, Richard L., Cernovsky, Z Z, Landmark, J A, Merskey, H, and O'Reilly, R L
- Subjects
SCHIZOPHRENIA ,CATATONIA ,PSYCHOSES ,MENTAL illness ,PSYCHOMOTOR disorders ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,DIAGNOSIS of schizophrenia ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,PSYCHOLOGY ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The treatment of conduct disorder: perspectives from across Canada.
- Author
-
Moretti, Marlene M., Emmrys, Chuck, Grizenko, Natalie, Holland, Roy, Moore, Ken, Shainsie, Jam, Hamilton, Hayley, Moretti, M M, Emmrys, C, Grizenko, N, Holland, R, Moore, K, Shamsie, J, and Hamilton, H
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,STRESS in children ,CHILD psychiatry ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,CHILD psychopathology ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PSYCHIATRY ,TREATMENT of behavior disorders in children ,COMBINED modality therapy ,COMPARATIVE studies ,FAMILY psychotherapy ,HEALTH care teams ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MILIEU therapy ,PERSONALITY development ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Courts and torts: the psychiatrist preparing for trial.
- Author
-
Hoffman, Brian F. and Hoffman, B F
- Subjects
EMOTIONAL trauma ,TORTS ,ACTIONS & defenses (Law) ,EXPERT evidence ,CROSS-examination ,MENTAL illness treatment ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHIATRY ,FORENSIC psychiatry ,HEALTH insurance laws ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,DIAGNOSIS of post-traumatic stress disorder ,ALEXITHYMIA ,PHYSICIANS ,WITNESSES ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,DIAGNOSIS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Treatment of bipolar depression: a survey of Canadian psychiatrists.
- Author
-
Sharma, Verinder, Mazmanian, Dwigjit S., Persad, Emmanuel, Kueneman, Karen M., Sharma, V, Mazmanian, D S, Persad, E, and Kueneman, K M
- Subjects
BIPOLAR disorder ,THERAPEUTICS ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors ,MONOAMINE oxidase inhibitors ,DEPRESSED persons ,PSYCHIATRISTS ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,DIAGNOSIS of bipolar disorder ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,COMBINED modality therapy ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL personnel ,PSYCHIATRIC drugs ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,LITHIUM carbonate ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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