Search

Excessive sugar consumption is an established risk factor for various chronic diseases (CDs). No earlier study has quantified its economic burden in terms of health care costs for treatment and management of CDs, and costs associated with lost productivity and premature mortality. This information, however, is essential to public health decision-makers when planning and prioritizing interventions. The present study aimed to estimate the economic burden of excessive free sugar consumption in Canada.Free sugars refer to all monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods plus sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juice. Based on free sugar consumption reported in the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition and established risk estimates for 16 main CDs, we calculated the avoidable direct health care costs and indirect costs.If Canadians were to comply with the free sugar recommendation (consumption below 10% of total energy intake (TEI)), an estimated $2.5 billion (95% CI: 1.5, 3.6) in direct health care and indirect costs could have been avoided in 2019. For the stricter recommendation (consumption below 5% of TEI), this was $5.0 billion (95% CI: 3.1, 6.9).Excessive free sugar in our diet has an enormous economic burden that is larger than that of any food group and 3 to 6 times that of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Public health interventions to reduce sugar consumption should therefore consider going beyond taxation of SSBs to target a broader set of products, in order to more effectively reduce the public health and economic burden of CDs.RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: La consommation excessive de sucre est un facteur de risque connu pour diverses maladies chroniques. Aucune étude antérieure n’en a chiffré le fardeau économique en termes de coûts de soins de santé pour le traitement et la prise en charge des maladies chroniques, et de coûts associés à la perte de productivité et à la mortalité prématurée. Ces informations sont pourtant essentielles aux décideurs de la santé publique pour planifier les interventions et gérer les priorités. Notre étude a cherché à estimer le fardeau économique de la consommation excessive de sucres libres au Canada. MéTHODE: Les sucres libres désignent tous les monosaccharides et disaccharides ajoutés aux aliments, plus les sucres naturellement présents dans le miel, les sirops et les jus de fruits. D’après la consommation de sucres libres constatée dans l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes – Nutrition de 2015 et les estimations du risque connues pour 16 grandes maladies chroniques, nous en avons calculé les coûts évitables directs (de soins de santé) et indirects. RéSULTATS: Si les Canadiens s’en tenaient à la consommation recommandée de sucres libres (soit moins de 10 % de l’apport énergétique total [AÉT]), il est estimé que 2,5 milliards de dollars (IC de 95 % : 1,5, 3,6) en coûts directs de soins de santé et en coûts indirects auraient pu être évités en 2019. Si la recommandation plus stricte (consommation inférieure à 5 % de l’AÉT) avait été respectée, les coûts évités se seraient chiffrés à 5 milliards de dollars (IC de 95 % : 3,1, 6,9). CONCLUSION: L’excès de sucres libres dans notre régime représente un fardeau économique énorme, supérieur à celui de tout autre groupe d’aliments et de 3 à 6 fois supérieur à celui des boissons édulcorées au sucre (BÉS). Il faudrait donc envisager des interventions en santé publique visant à réduire la consommation de sucre qui vont au-delà de la taxation des BÉS pour cibler un panier élargi de produits afin de réduire plus efficacement le fardeau sanitaire et économique des maladies chroniques.

OBJECTIVES: Regular physical activity (PA) in children is essential for their development and prevention of overweight and obesity. Little is known about the effect of day-to-day variations in weather conditions on PA levels in school-aged children, particularly with regard to school compared to non-school days and girls compared to boys. METHODS: Daily step count (7:00 a.m.–9:00 p.m.) from 972 grade 5 students aged 10–11 years from 60 schools across Alberta, Canada, was collected using time-stamped pedometers (minimum wear time of two school and one non-school days) during March–June 2013. Time-matched weather conditions (actual and feels-like temperature, cloud coverage, and precipitation amount) were obtained from local weather stations in Alberta during the same period. Multilevel mixed-effect regression models were used to estimate the effect of each weather condition on daily step count. RESULTS: A 1 °C increase in feels-like temperature was associated with 26 more steps/day (p 5 mm/day) was associated with 1022 fewer steps/day (p

Given that chronic diseases account for 88% of all deaths in Canada, robust surveillance and monitoring systems are essential for supporting implementation of health promotion and chronic disease prevention policies. Canada has a long tradition of monitoring premature mortality expressed as potential years of life lost (PYLL), dating back to the seminal work by Romeder and McWhinnie in the late 1970s, who pioneered the use of PYLL as a tool in health planning and decision-making. The utility of PYLL for monitoring progress was expanded in the 1990s through the national comparable Health Indicators Initiative, following which PYLL has been monitored for several decades nationally, provincially, regionally and locally as part of health systems’ performance measurement. Yet the potential for using PYLL in health promotion and chronic disease prevention has not been maximized. Linking PYLL with public health programs and initiatives aimed at health promotion and chronic disease prevention, introduced starting in the 1990s, would inform whether these efforts are making progress in addressing the burden of premature mortality from chronic diseases. Promoting the use of PYLL due to chronic diseases would contribute toward providing a more complete picture of chronic diseases in Canada.

Objective: This paper sought to examine which pre- and post-migration factors might be associated with changes in refugees’ health status. Methods: Using linear regression, the associations between pre- and post-migration factors and changes in self-rated mental and physical health status were examined in 525 refugees from the 1998 Settlement Experiences of Refugees in Alberta study. Results: Having spent time in a refugee camp and having held professional/managerial jobs in one’s home country were associated with a greater decline in mental health status since arrival in Canada. Having completed a university degree in one’s home country was associated with a greater decline in physical health status. Being employed was associated with greater improvements in mental health status. Perceived economic hardship was associated with greater declines in physical health status. A higher number of settlement services received during the first year in Canada was associated with greater improvements in both mental and physical health status. Longer residence in Canada was associated with greater declines in physical health status but not in mental health status. Conclusion: While little can be done to alter refugees’ pre-migration experiences, public policies can affect many post-migration experiences in order to mitigate the negative health consequences associated with resettlement. Results of this study point to the need for continued provision of settlement services to assist refugees with job training, labour market access, and credential recognition, as well as counseling for refugees who experienced the trauma of living in a refugee camp. Key words: Refugees; mental health; physical health; Alberta