Search

This paper develops the Foucauldian conceptual framework of discursive formation to discuss the emergence of the Canadian ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of genetics and genomics) agenda. It explores the wider discursive ecology which has made possible the positioning of ELSI expertise as a legitimate modality for the governance of biotechnology. The paper critically evaluates the extent to which ELSI provides opportunities for Canadian society to participate in the governance of scientific knowledges by analyzing how "Canadians" are "included" in the activities of the Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee (CBAC). It concludes by highlighting some of the problems associated with the eclipse of politics by ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on a study on the development of medical genetics as a medical specialism in the U.K. and Canada to reflect on how local and national contents affect specialty formation. The paper begins by supporting earlier findings in the literature that stress, first, technological innovations as driving specialty formation, and second, the domination of physicians in the division of medical labour. Beyond this, however, the paper explores the specific circumstances under which geneticists set about turning their work into a medical specialism based on a "genetics-based approach" to illness and how "medical genetics" as a specialism has been assessed and configured to fit national and regional health service requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the ongoing revolution in the use of tattoos in North America, academic understandings of tattooing remain grounded in conceptions of "tattoo enthusiasts" as social misfits. In this paper, data from three years of participant observation with tattoo enthusiasts in Canada help critique preferred social-psychological interpretations of tattooing as irrational, "risk-taking behaviour" (see Carroll et al., 2002; Roberts and Ryan, 2002). Through the lens of figurational sociology (Elias, 1983; 1994; 1996), tattooing is interpreted in this paper as a pro-social and affectively regulated act of communication, rather than a pathological instance of self-injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many erstwhile supporters of the New Democratic Party, particularly organized labour and poverty advocates, claimed that they were betrayed by NDP governments in Ontario and British Columbia in the 1990s. This paper considers this charge in light of the best available theoretical case for thinking that the NDP's policies could have been significantly more social democratic without leading to reduced private investment. The paper finds this alternative theoretical case—articulated by leading "globalization sceptics"—to be flawed in several ways, and so concludes that the NDP could not have served workers and the poor in these two provinces much better than they did. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to examine the process whereby two researchers, situated very differently, analysed the data arising from a jointly conducted study. The roles of the Canadian and the Indonesian researcher were crucially important in both framing and analysing the data arising from a collaborative group narrative research project, carried out with a core group in the graduate program in Women's Studies at the University of Indonesia (Program Studi Kajian Wanita). In this paper we explore some of the ways in which our different positioning affected both our relationship as researchers and our analyses of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore—in a broad and preliminary way—the nature and impacts of two recent federal initiatives related to university research, namely the creation of the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Canada Research Chairs Program. After describing and highlighting key features of these initiatives, the paper examines how they are helping to reorganize social relations within and between universities, government, the private sector, and the general public. It also considers some implications of these changes for the various parties involved, as a means of informing the latter's discussions of, and responses to, these unique and significant developments in Canadian higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thıs paper examines the representatıon of dısabılıty that ıs generated by, and supports, "people-fırst language." The paper first describes the ubıquitous formulation of disabled people as "just people." Second, the current ıdeology that stresses that disabled people are simply "people wıth dısabılitıes" ıs examıned ın one of its concrete manıfestations: a recent government document entıtled In Unıson: A Canadıan Approach to Disabılıty Issues By making use of Dorothy Smıth's concept that language ıs socıal organization, the author shows how dısabılıty is organızed ın this document as a medıcalızed and ındivıdual matter and, as such, takes shape as abnormal limıtatıon and lack of functıon that some people-four mıllıon Canadıans-"just happen to have." Finally, the paper concludes that people-first language is best understood as part of an ongoıng process that removes the possıbility of understandıng disabılity as a socıal, and thereby complex, polıtıcal phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents sociologist Bonnie Fox's comments on author's paper "Family Study in Canada." The paper was about historical change. It questioned how an area of Canadian life that figured so large in the initial sociological enterprise in Canada could later become peripheral to concerns of the few sociologists who ultimately decide which papers are published in the official journal, which topics deserve special issues of that journal. Most texts try to present the "state of the art" at the time of writing. The textbook remains the only place where knowledge in the field is codified and legitimated. It was precisely because most Canadian family sociology textbooks attempt to catalogue all the knowledge in the field that they seemed entirely appropriate for the purpose of establishing how the field has been constructed through the 1980s. Fox's sketch goes a little way toward including a few names of the many Canadian scholars who have made important contributions to the field but whose identities and ideas.

Current analyses of social movements in Canada focus primarily on the internal methods by which state hegemonic practices are challenged in an attempt to transform the relations of power. As a result, little attention is given to the methods by which the state increasingly constrains and channels social movements into particular directions Chat are crucial to the direction and ultimate success, or damise, of social movements. This paper looks atone way in which the state now intervenes to pre-empt antagonistic groups that have the potential to become full social movements, by co-opting them into little more than interest groups. Specifically, this paper attempts to show how the state successfully prevented a potential social movement on Prince Edward Island from reaching fruition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns the case study in sociology, and in the social sciences in general. The classical definition attributed to the case study is examined here by recalling the methodological conflict in sociology, marked by a rift between qualitative and quantitative methods, and by a retrospective look at the well-known case studies that American researchers devoted to French Canada (or Quebec), more particularly to its rural culture whose transformation relates to the 'meeting of two worlds.' The criticism levelled at these case studies are examined, especially those concerning their presumed lack of representativeness and objectivity. This lack was invoked without these terms being really stated or clearly determined. In this article, objectivity is defined as being the detailed account of the methodological strategies and operations guiding the approach to an object of investigation. Moreover, a distinction is made between statistical representativeness and sociological representativeness which best determines the generalization value of the case study. Finally, while this approach is considered as a study, or even as descriptive theory, this paper shows that description proves essential in the definition of explanatory theories. The example of the case study approach to the French-language economy in Quebec is presented in order to re-examine, in strictly methodological terms, all the points raised in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Porter's The Vertical Mosaic, published in 1965, is generally regarded as the first comprehensive study of Canada's national class structure. This paper makes the (qualified) argument that it is Leonard Marsh's little-known volume, Canadians In and Out of Work: A Survey of Economic Classes and their Relation to the Labour Market, published in 1940, that deserves this mark of distinction. The paper also provides a brief 'sociology of sociology' type of explanation for the difference in the receptions accorded the two volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of prejudice, ethnocentrism, economic conservatism, perceived conflict of group interests and perceived personal threat in shaping Canadians' views on three different measures of preferences for government policy in the aboriginal affairs field. Those dependent variables are: support for self-government, support for special status, and level of priority attached to Native issues. Multiple regression analysis and LISREL techniques are applied to data from a 1986 national random sample (N = 1834). The main findings are that: 1/a moderate to large proportion of the variation in non-aboriginal responses to aboriginal issues can be explained by three factors - prejudice, economic conservatism, and perceived conflict of group interests; 2/ prejudice and perceived confiict interact strongly in influencing non-aborigineil Canadians' responses; 3/ ethnocentrism has a negligible to minor influence; and 4/ objective indicators (region, family SES and age) serving as proxies for perceived personal threat have only minor net effects on how Canadians respond to aboriginal issues. The paper concludes with comments on the relevance of the findings for aboriginal political leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arguments of this paper are primarily methodological: that distinguishing characteristics of a group can be identified through an analysis of its social control activities; and that an examination of a group's control behaviours should begin with a study of its culture, with special attention to its central problematic. Elements within the culture of a group contain important sources of behavioural control and contribute to the nature of the social order within that group. It is within the culture that normal sanctions, and limitations upon sanctions are either inferred or are explicitly articulated. The mode of analysis is illustrated through the study of the culture of the La Leche League, a self-help organization for women who want to breastfeed their babies. The paper concludes that the League's success in encouraging its members to adapt a lifestyle with substantial costs can be attributed to some important characteristics of the content of its central problem and its articulation with other aspects of the culture. The data analyzed come from La Leche League publications; participant observation at League meetings; and interviews with League members. The research site is Ottawa, Ontario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Division of classes by sexes and sectors (capitalist goods and services versus the state) reveals different focal points in five advanced capitalist societies: the United States, Canada, Norway, Sweden and Finland, Using data from the Comparative Class Structure Project, this paper offers a 'minimalist' set of class categories (capitalist/executive, old middle class, new middle class and worker) based upon commanding the means of production and the labour of power of others. The paper emphasizes the importance of distinguishing classes by sex. The results report on how men and women distribute in the working and new middle classes over sectors in the five nations, revealing a strong Nordic/North American difference. Some implications for the strength of political blocks for men and women in these classes, sectors and nations are tentatively presented. While Nordic working and new middle class women have a solid base of strength in the state sector, North American women are concentrated in the much weaker capitalist service sector. Men continue to dominate the capitalist goods sector for the working class but for the new middle class men there is a Nordic/North American split between their respective strengths, with the Nordic new middle class stronger in the state sector and the North American equivalents stronger in the capitalist sector. These patterns suggest different national bases for alliances in class politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines rank placement of Canadian professors based on two surveys conducted in 1987 and 2000. Five hypotheses are pursued: a) publication, experience and possession of Ph.D. are the main ingredients of placement in ranks; b) males, Whites and those born in Canada are advantaged in rank placement; c) women and visible minorities have been less disadvantaged in recent years; d) the interaction of achievement and ascription favours Whites, males and those born in Canada, but less so for the first two groups in recent years; and finally e) such interactions favour professors in the natural sciences more than in other disciplines. Results support (a) and (b) but are mixed regarding (c) and (d). They do not support (e). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Canada as an example, we examine the extent to which immigrants take on the ethnic identity of their host country, thus displaying either an assimilated, integrated, or neither assimilated nor integrated ethnic identity. We pay particular attention to the impact of economic integration, years since migration, ethnic origin and visible minority status on ethnic identity. Surprisingly, our findings reveal that indicators of economic success such as employment status, occupation and prior earnings do not have an impact on whether immigrants will assume the identity of their host society. The statistical analysis for this paper is situated within the existing acculturation literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the replacement of Caribbean workers by Mexicans in Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program, highlighting the role of racialized understandings in implementing foreign worker programs. It argues that a process of racialization underpins the discourses employed by Ontario growers in search of the most hardworking, reliable and flexible labour force. Sometimes grower discourses manifest a crude racism, casting Caribbean men as hypersexualized Black subjects who pose a risk to Canadian women, while other times these racialized assumptions are framed in terms of physical and/or psychic dispositions to the production of certain crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of one of Canada's first feminist electronic discussion lists, PAR-L (Policy, Action, Research List). Based largely on the results of an on-line survey of PAR-L subscribers, we show that, even among feminists sensitive to issues of diversity and equality, power differentials related to gender, age, language and professional affiliation influence on-line interaction. While we acknowledge that the co-presence of differences in a shared space creates tensions, we argue that it also has the potential to enhance democratic communication and deepen mutual understanding within the women's movement, leading to a greater sense of connectedness and well-being among participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the rise in Canadian public policy interest in the concept of social capital, and suggests that the concept holds some promise, along with considerable problems, for women. It elucidates the parameters of the concept of social capital and attempts to deepen it with critical feminist political economy questions. It begins the crucial task of gendering social capital so that policy outcomes in the Canadian context do not increase the burden of social and caring work onto already overburdened groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question of the distinctiveness of Canadian research methods by looking first at the broad pattern of methods used in empirical articles published in leading Canadian journals from the 1960s, how these have changed over time, and how they have differed between Francophone and Anglophone Canada, Issues of U.S. influence raised by the earlier Canadianization debate are also addressed. It is found that, for the more recent period, gender differences that cut across these "national" divisions have been the more salient. The net effect is that the total Canadian pattern has something in common with that recorded for other countries, although at a more detailed level there are specifically Canadian or Quebecois effects. Reasons for the similarities and differences are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration of Canadian Aboriginal people to cities has usually been understood as economically motivated, with return migration to Aboriginal communities resulting primarily from failure to adapt to urban life. However, the reasons underlying migration have rarely been directly addressed, and recent studies of migration have focussed on the size of flows, rather than relating this migration stream to theories of migration developed in other contexts. This paper suggests ways in which a systems perspective on migration can be used to incorporate elements of the political, economic and social context, as well as individual, institutional and mass culture links between the two areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the relationship between the formal and the informal economies with insights derived from research on rural Canada. The informal economy is considered to be the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services that have economic value, but are neither protected by a formal code of law nor recorded for use by government-backed regulatory agencies. Several claims regarding the interdependence of both economies are developed and tested with time budget data from the 1992 and 1998 General Social Surveys. Findings support the importance of the informal economy as a safety net, buffer for structural changes, capacity builder, and support for social inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collection of census information about pluriactivity or "part-time farming," as it was initially termed, began as early as the 1930s in the United States and the 1940s in Canada. Researchers have since moved beyond reporting basic descriptive statistics to detailed investigations of the various non-farm sources of total family income, types of off-farm employment, and underlying motivations. Although interest in the topic has waned somewhat, further analysis of pluriactive households is warranted, particularly in light of rural restructuring, farm depopulation, and the "farm crisis." Social scientists have pursued divergent lines of inquiry into the nature of pluriactivity; however, much of this work is related to Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (SRL) concepts such as adaptive strategies, diversification and resilience. This paper explores the utility of SRL analysis for interpreting the presence, persistence, and varied forms and functions of pluriactivity among Canadian farm households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important theme in the literature on the retrenchment of state social policies in Canada has been that dominant ideas about the welfare state have substantially altered. One aspect of this dynamic that has received little empirical attention is public opinion relevant to welfare state politics. This paper looks at the dynamics and structure of opinion over time concerning "conventional rights" to social provision of welfare services and benefits, as Well as "new social citizenship rights" that focus on equality guarantees to disadvantaged groups based on non-class grounds. It finds that Canadian social policy attitudes appear to be structured by dimensions that can be usefully ordered by a social citizenship framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the question of how first-generation Muslim women in Canada respond to and interpret dominant representations of themselves. The goal is to consider the positionalities of these women, pointing out the importance of their interpretive capabilities. It discusses the displacement that they experience as being due in part to stereotypes which situate them as "Other," the dynamics of their own communities and their own beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for sociological research that combines the best of social constructionism and critical realism and that integrates disaster sociology with environmental sociology. It documents how perceptions of managing disaster are socially constructed through communicative action in a context of prompts from nature's actants, how authorities are tempted to replace openness with secrecy when those prompts become particularly dangerous, and how disasters are used for other purposes. The January 1998 ice storm that seemed a natural disaster (the most expensive in Canadian history) was instead a hybrid initiated by primal nature's constructions that became disastrous where vulnerable recombinant nature had been socially constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater attention is now being given to the consequences of social movements. Relying on archival and interview material, this paper revisits Zald and Berger's notion of bureaucratic insurgency to analyse the dynamics of change and transformation in the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association (CSAA) during the early 1970s. Contrary to the Weber-Michels thesis, which predicts that as organizations age they become less political and more conservative, the CSAA became politicized as a result of the movement to Canadianize cultural and educational institutions. An explanation for this change is offered, which serves to challenge the Weber-Michels thesis of organizational transformation and its outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper raises questions about ways in which the "imagined community" is discursively patrolled through accents. Drawing on preliminary research with African immigrant women, we argue that "Canadian English" constitutes a border allowing only partial and provisional crossing for those with an "African English" accent. The accent border is material and figurative, affecting access to material benefits such as jobs or housing, as well as shaping perceptions of who belongs in Canada. Thus, accents form a site through which racialized power relations are negotiated and "Others" are reproduced materially and figuratively in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 1975 study on the evaluation of the prestige of occupational titles specified as held by a man or a woman was replicated in 2000. Both surveys were collected in Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario. While the 1975 data revealed an average five-point advantage to men over women, this gender gap had disappeared by the year 2000. In more people-oriented work, women are now accorded higher prestige than men. The paper refers to how these social changes are linked with convergence over the quarter century in the sex typing of occupations. Sources of variation in ratings within the 2000 sample are examined and found to be minimal, although more highly educated respondents grade all occupations slightly on the low side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the 1996 Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) on individuals, this paper examines labour force activity of women in Canada, focussing on the effects of familial status and household structure to determine whether these factors have similar elasticities among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women. We found that labour force activity varied greatly by Aboriginal Status. In general, Registered Indians were less likely to be employed but more likely to be unemployed than Other Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals. While lower educational attainment, presence of minor children and lone parenthood were found to be associated with a lower likelihood of being employed, significant differences by Aboriginal Status were found. The effect of educational attainment on employment was found to be higher among Registered Indians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between Canadian state formation and the construction of Aboriginal identities via the legitimating function of the public inquiry, for the period from the adoption of the Constitution Act, 1982 to the Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (1996). Specifically, we examine the extent to which the RCAP Report "normalizes" pre-existing narratives regarding Aboriginal politics into a rigid hierarchy of claims privileging the nation model and those Aboriginals with a land base. We argue that the nation model is reinforced, legitimized and publicized through the RCAP Report's function as a legitimating tool of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the influence of gender and feminism on the professional projects of female-dominated professions, through a case study of dental hygiene in Ontario. Full professional status has eluded many female-dominated professions, including dental hygiene. Historically, dental hygiene was defined as work for women, to be performed strictly under the control of male dentists. In recent years, dental hygiene has pursued a professional project and struggled for greater independence from dentistry. Ideas about gender and, particularly, feminism have been central to their professional project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper examines trends in the social and economic correlates of food bank usage in the Greater Toronto Area through annual interviews with food bank users between 1990-2000. The analysis tests the thesis that the effects of social assistance rate reductions and housing costs contributed to the economic vulnerability of these already marginalized families and households. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression modelling were used to assess changes in post-shelter income available to food bank users prior to (1990-1995) and following Ontario social assistance cuts (1996-2000). The results confirm the importance of social assistance rate reductions and housing affordability problems as factors contributing to the decline in post-shelter income available to food bank users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aboriginal cultural tourism is a potentially high-growth segment of the Canadian tourism industry that is currently enjoying widespread demand among Europeans, especially German visitors. This paper uses a discourse analysis approach to examine the tourist encounter at various Aboriginal tourist sites in southern Alberta. It analyses the negotiation of "Indianness" and Indian culture by both Native interpreters and foreign visitors. These negotiations are shown to be informed by the primitivist discourse that, ironically, reinforces the Enlightenment notion of the "noble savage." We argue that, despite its colonialist and essentialist aspects, the primitivist discourse can nevertheless function as a strategy of resistance to a social system viewed by many First Nations as politically oppressive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses a large Canadian national survey of professors and tackles the "productivity puzzle" as to why female scientists publish less than male scientists. Results show that, in aggregate, Canadian female professors have published significantly less than their male counterparts, both over their lifetimes and during the three years before the survey. However, multivariate analyses reveal that gender differences in publication are more pronounced in the lifetime data than in the data for the shorter period. Much of the difference in publication between men and women of the academy is in refereed and non-refereed articles and reports over their career. Finally, gender differences in publication are largely accounted for by differences in rank, years since PhD, discipline, type of university and time set aside for research. Problems of assessing predictors of research productivity are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the 1987 introduction of a policy for policing labour disputes in Windsor, Ontario. The policy emphasizes the explicit use of consensus-building tactics over coercion in strike situations. Events leading to this policy are traced to the local politics of policing and to changing economic and industrial conditions representing the general decline in Fordist industrial relations. Changes within the police, such as the adoption of community policing, are also considered as important explanations. Both the labour-dispute policy and the broader police changes are understood as reflecting the decline of the Keynesian state and the movement toward neoliberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a cross-cultural and social change perspective, this paper explicates ethnocultural differences in attitudes towards heterosexual cohabiting relationships among Canadian young adults. The focus is on uncovering the key mechanisms by which ethnic groups "reproduce" traditional or liberal value orientations towards this living arrangement. The data set used in this research is drawn from a sub-set of 1,907 randomly-selected young adults from the 1999-2000 Culture and Coresidence Study. Bivariate analyses show strong ethnocultural differences in the propensity to report that cohabitation is acceptable, with the British group the most favourable, followed by Southern Europeans, Chinese, and finally, Indo-Canadians. Results from the logistic regression analysis reveal that a constellation of ethnocultural factors contribute to these differences. These include: young adult's religiosity, familism and gender-role traditionalism, and routine use of ethnic language with peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though Nova Scotians have not yet been subjected to the type of provincial welfare "reforms" enacted in other provinces, some programs aimed at promoting work-force participation by recipients of government transfer payments have recently been introduced to Cape Breton, the province's most economically marginal region. This paper examines the structure of one such program, sponsored by the federal government. The analysis presented here suggests that, despite public rhetoric, the program's design delivers limited benefits to the local community and to its neediest citizens, but carries major ideological benefits for the state. While the program cannot be called workfare, in the strict sense of the term, it does reflect the same neo-liberal ideology that has inspired more Draconian social reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the influence of religion on the postwar settlement patterns of Dutch-Canadian immigrants is examined. Historical data show that there were differences in the assimilation patterns of Dutch Catholics and Dutch Calvinists within Canada. When Dutch immigrants arrived in Canada in the early 1950s, the Dutch Catholics joined existing Catholic churches and schools, while the orthodox Dutch Calvinists undertook the building of their own social and cultural structures because they could not find Canadian organizations based on their ideological and religious beliefs. Religion played an important role in the emergence of contrasting Dutch- Canadian communities. Driedger's (1996:39) model of voluntary pluralism and integration provides the theoretical framework for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative study of the beliefs of pro-family organizations in Calgary and a structural mapping of organizational ties. Data were gathered in 1998 from documents and semi-structured interviews with group leaders. Three research problems are addressed. The first concerns the closeness of the relationship between pro-family and pro-life groups. We find that all pro-family groups, even those with strong anti-abortion convictions, were organizationally and politically distinctive from pro-life groups. The second problem considers the role of Christian beliefs in the movement. We ascertain that although Christian groups were dominant in 1998, promotion of the heterosexual nuclear family, not doctrinal issues, was fundamental to the movement. The third problem concerns whether the movement was bifurcated between social conservative and centrist segments. The centrist segment was quite weak in 1998. Furthermore, one of the groups with a centrist persona, the National Foundation for Family Research and Education, strove to supply scientific legitimation for social conservatives' moral claims about the family. In conclusion, the article argues that the pro-family move- ment in Calgary has broken free of its initial phase as an anti-feminist countermovement and suggests that the future popularity of pro- family advocacy in Canada will be proportional to the degree that it is couched in a post-feminist framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cet article, on examine la relation entre l'autocontrôle, le contrôle social et la résistance au système scolaire. Les données d'étude sont tirées d'un sondage réalisé auprès d'étudiants des premier et deuxième cycles du secondaire en Alberta Les résultats de ce sondage penchent fortement en faveur de la General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson et Htrschi, 1990), selon laquelle la perte d'autocontrôle est le prédicteur le plus sûr de tous les types de résistance Les résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse voulant que, si le lien entre classe sociale (ou bien genre ou appartenance ethnique) et résistance est ténu (au Canada du moins), c'est peut-être parce que les mécanismes d'autocontrôle qui suscitent ou rejettent le phénomène de résistance ne sont pas intimement liés à la classe sociale (ou bien au genre ou à l'appartenance ethnique) Toutefois, le sexe, l'âge, la classe sociale et l'appartenance ethnique restent étroitement liés a certains ou à l'ensemble des aspects de la résistance au système scolaire même en présence d'autocontrôle Les conclusions de la General Theory of Crime et leurs répercussions sont également abordées ici [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cet article, nous démontrons l'utilité d'une approche micro-fondamentale dans la compréhension de phénomènes sociaux de plus grande ampleur. Grâce à l'analyse des questions de recours collectifs, qui se sont posées aux différents acteurs, au Canada et en Angleterre, nous établissons un lien informel entre la macrovariable de « structure de l'industrie » et les formes divergentes de réglementation corporatiste instaurées dans les années 1930 Après avoir expliqué les caractéristiques centrales de l'approche microfondamentale et souligné les aspects importants de la théorie des jeux et du concept de choix rationnel, nous examinons les témoignages élaborés, présentés dans le cadre de commissions et de comités du gouvernement Ces données comparatives et historiques fournissent les bases qui permettent de comprendre la manière dont les différentes structures de l'industrie ont causé des problèmes de réglementation uniques pour les gouvernements canadien et britannique [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cet article, nous examinons la célèbre thèse de SM Lipset, qui affirme que la révolution américaine a créé des différences durables entre les valeurs canadiennes et américaines Nous reconsidérons tout d'abord l'affirmation centrale de la thèse selon laquelle l'exode des loyalistes vers le Canada a ancré de façon permanente des systèmes de valeurs distincts dans les deux sociétés Notre analyse suggère que, au sein de la population générale, les loyalistes n'ont joué qu'un rôle négligeable dans la promotion de différences fondamentales. Nous comparons ensuite les deux sociétés sur le plan historique en utilisant plusieurs indicateurs - classes sociales et structure économique, compositions ethnique et religieuse, modèles d'immigration et d'urbanisation, culture et organisation politiques - afin de cerner des divergences importantes dans l'expérience et le milieu dans lequel vivaient les deux peuples, divergences qui auraient pu favoriser ces différences Nous concluons que les deux populations so ressemblaient étonnamment, ce qui sous-entend qu'elles partageaient probablement le même quotidien, les mèmos perspectives et valeurs au cours de la période révolutionnaire et pendant plusieurs dizaines d'années par la suite [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benjamin Barber draws a connection between corporate globalization and the resurgence of ethno-cultural nationalisms. Both weaken democracy, he contends. Barber does not discuss the effects of globalization on the other variety of nationalism--the civic, state-based kind that predominates in highly diverse, democratic countries such as Canada. This paper examines the state-based ethos and traditions that have kept Canada distinct from the United States and explores whether the new right liberalism of the 1980s and 1990s has eroded Canada's raison d'etre as a separate country. Counter trends to new right liberalism in Canada are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the largest Canadian survey devoted to women's experiences with workplace sexual harassment (N = 1,990) including the incidence of various types of harassment and details about these experiences provided by a sub-sample (n = 424). These women described their responses to the harassment and how it affected their work and personal lives. The analyses explore the relationship between characteristics of the harassment and its consequences. The findings are used to discuss theoretical implications, particularly with respect to how organizational power theory can contribute to our understanding of the consequences of workplace harassment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No North American study has systematically examined the extent of various types of woman abuse in public housing, including sexual and racial harassment. Public housing communities and inner-city ghetto streets are key arenas where gendered power relations are played out, and where the influx of drugs has exacerbated the degradation and abuse of women. Using data from the Quality of Neighbourhood Life Survey, administered to households in six public housing projects in an urban centre in Eastern Ontario, this paper helps fill a major research gap. Exploratory data on the incidence of intimate violence, stranger violence, and three types of harassment experienced by women in these dwellings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the top 250 corporations and associated networks of interlocking directorates in Canada and Australia in the 1990s. Interlocks are interpreted both as social relations of class hegemony and as vehicles in the accumulation of capital along an integrated financial-industrial axis (finance capital). In Canada both these sides of corporate power are highly centralized within a predominantly national corporate elite. The Australian network is much sparser but still has a discernible core, although its financial sector has less presence at the core, and foreign interests while not dominant are somewhat more structurally prominent. The Canadian capitalist class exhibits all the characteristics suggested by finance capital; the mechanisms of capitalist class integration through corporate interlocking in Australia are weaker. We argue that different systems of class integration are historically embedded in the two countries, and speculate about the role of nationally organized finance capital in the contemporary globalization of capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying cohort methods to data from the 1973 Canadian Mobility Study and the 1986 and 1994 Statistics Canada General Social Surveys, this paper determines whether the dramatic educational expansion of the 19505 and 1960s reduced the effects of parental socio-economic status, gender and language first spoken on educational attainment in Quebec and the rest of Canada. Linear regression models predicting years of schooling and logistic regressions predicting the probability of specific educational transitions are used to separate the effects of expansion and ascription. Consistent with cultural reproduction theory, class-based ascription remains constant over time, but the effects of gender and language, so pronounced in older cohorts, are negligible in more recent cohorts. Although there are some differences in detail, these basic results are similar in Quebec and the rest of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canadian anthropologists have tended to assume that First Nations research has moved out of the central arena of Canadian anthropology. An examination of the roster of Canadian academic specialists in First Nations studies and the most recent Canadian Anthropology Society (CASCA) programme indicates that this demise has been dramatically overstated. This paper highlights continuities in "the Americanist tradition" and speculates as to possible reasons for the seeming invisibility of this tradition in contemporary Canadian anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the impact of Bill C-127 on the processing of sexual assault cases through the criminal justice system in Winnipeg. Because the law was intended to change the way in which sexual assault cases were treated by the courts, the authors employed logistic regression to examine the impact of several independent variables on charges and convictions before and after the new legislation. Logistic regression made it possible to determine whether the rape reform legislation led to changes in the way these independent variables affect charge and conviction. The research suggests the legislative reform has had only a modest impact on the treatment of sexual assault cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]