1. Saponin-Rich Extracts and Their Acid Hydrolysates Differentially Target Colorectal Cancer Metabolism in the Frame of Precision Nutrition
- Author
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Marina Reguero, Guillermo Reglero, Adriana Quijada-Freire, Ana Ramírez de Molina, Joaquín Navarro del Hierro, Marta Gómez de Cedrón, Adrián Bouzas, Sonia Wagner, Diana Martin, and UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Bioenergetics ,Saponin ,colorectal cancer ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Sapogenin ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Article ,Plant Extract ,Antineoplastic Agent ,Unclassified Drug ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,fenugreek ,saponins ,metabolic reprogramming ,Quinoa Extract ,precision nutrition ,cell bioenergetics ,Glutaminolysis ,Chemistry ,Lipid metabolism ,quinoa ,Química ,Metabolism ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,sapogenins ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Biochemistry ,Fenugreek Extract ,Anaerobic glycolysis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Fluorouracil ,Intracellular - Abstract
Saponins or their aglycone form, sapogenin, have recently gained interest as bioactive agents due to their biological activities, their antitumoral effects being among them. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and, together with the increased aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis, the altered lipid metabolism is considered crucial to support cancer initiation and progression. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the inhibitory effects on colorectal cancer cell lines of saponin-rich extracts from fenugreek and quinoa (FE and QE, respectively) and their hydrolyzed extracts as sapogenin-rich extracts (HFE and HQE, respectively). By mean of the latest technology in the analysis of cell bioenergetics, we demonstrate that FE and HFE diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis, meanwhile, quinoa extracts did not show relevant activities. Distinct molecular mechanisms were identified for fenugreek: FE inhibited the expression of TYMS1 and TK1, synergizing with the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), meanwhile, HFE inhibited lipid metabolism targets, leading to diminished intracellular lipid content. The relevance of considering the coexisting compounds of the extracts or their hydrolysis transformation as innovative strategies to augment the therapeutic potential of the extracts, and the specific subgroup of patients where each extract would be more beneficial, are discussed in the frame of precision nutrition.
- Published
- 2020
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