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The novel and degradable xylan citrate was prepared by the environmental-friendly semi-dry oven method. Xylan reacted with citric acid (CA) to yield xylan citrate at high temperature. The influence of the different weight ratios of CA and xylan on the product yield, the carboxyl group content and degree of esterification were comparatively discussed. The results showed that there were higher carboxyl group content and degree of esterification in modified xylan than native xylan. The product yield of 128.2%, the carboxyl group content of 1174.3 meq/100 g and degree of esterification of 33.1% were achieved at the CA/xylan weight ratio of 2.4 in the absence of catalyst. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of xylan after modification was improved greatly. These materials with better properties can enhance their water affinity, and improve their adsorption of copper ions and methyl orange in aqueous solution due to carboxyl groups.

Novel hydrophobic hemicelluloses possessing hydrophobic groups were prepared by the benzylation of wheat straw hemicelluloses with benzyl chloride under the presence of catalyst in an ethanol/water system. In particular, the progress of the benzylation reaction was studied as a function of the volume ratio of ethanol/water from 4:1 to 6:4, the molar ratio of NaOH/anhydroxylose unit in hemicelluloses from 0.6:1 to 1.5:1, the molar ratio of benzyl chloride/anhydroxylose unit in hemicelluloses from 0.5:1 to 2.0:1, reaction temperature 50-80 °C, and reaction time 4-20 h Benzylated hemicelluloses with the low degree of substitution from 0.09 to 0.35 were obtained depending on the experimental conditions. The incorporation of benzyl groups into the backbone of hemicelluloses was confirmed by FT-IR and (13)C NMR spectroscopies. The thermal stability increased after the modification of hemicelluloses due to the introduction of benzyl groups. The introduction of benzyl groups endows hemicelluloses with the hydrophobicity, which could be potentially applied in plastic industries.