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Thermo-catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation with renewable energy has become one of the promising alternatives to fossil carbon-based routes for the production of bulk chemicals and has been extensively researched in recent years. And the heterogeneous oxide–zeolite (OX–ZEO) bifunctional catalysts have received much attention due to their high product selectivity. However, the need for multifunctional active sites, the complexity of tandem cascade reactions and the difficulty in understanding reaction mechanisms pose significant challenges for the design of effective catalysts. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 to value-added products over OX–ZEO bifunctional catalysts, with particular emphasis on the role of the oxide. The nature of the metal oxide, the modification of oxides to improve catalytic performance in CO 2 hydrogenation and the reaction mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the catalytic conversion of CO 2 to hydrocarbons are briefly presented. [Display omitted] • Metal oxides in OX-ZEO bifunctional catalysts for direct hydrogenation of CO 2 are briefly summarized. • Enhancement of OX/ZEO catalytic performance in CO 2 hydrogenation as well as the mechanisms are discussed. • Challenges for OX-ZEO catalysts in hydrogenation of CO 2 into value-added chemicals are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]