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[Display omitted] • Changes in BRL reflect human-land relations in KMA of Southwest China. • This paper summarizes the evolutionary stages of BRL. • Explaining changes in BRL from a socio-ecological system perspective. • We demonstrate the greening in KMA of Southwest China from a micro perspective. Rock exposure is a prerequisite for the emergence of bare rocky land (BRL), a severe ecological and environmental problem in karst mountain areas (KMA) of Southwest China, severely restricting the region's sustainable development. An in-depth analysis of the evolution of BRL in KMA of Southwest China based on socio-ecological perspectives is significant for promoting the region's sustainable development. This paper firstly analyzes the evolution of the social-ecological system and BRL and the transition of human-land relations in KMA of Southwest China, then selects a typical KMA, Huajiang Canyon in Guizhou Province, for a case study and applies ArcGIS to analyze the dynamics of the BRL of Huajiang Canyon in the past 60 years from 1969 to 2020, and reveals the reasons for the evolution of BRL. The results show that: (1) The evolution of BRL in KMA of Southwest China is closely related to the changes in the local socio-ecological environment. (2) The number, spatial distribution, and landscape pattern of BRL in the Huajiang Canyon from 1969 to 2020 underwent significant changes, with the area of BRL transitioning from an expansion phase to an accelerated shrinking phase and with prominent spatial dispersion characteristics. (3) The transition of the BRL of the Huajiang Canyon into forest grassland and economic and fruity forest land, and the transition of land use from production to ecology and eco-economy, have proved the greening of the KMA of Southwest China from a microscopic perspective. (4) This paper shows that the expansion and contraction of BRL areas can reflect the human-land relations in KMA of Southwest China. Finally, the development path proposed in this paper has a certain positive effect on promoting the future sustainable development of the KMA of Southwest China and can also provide a reference for developing other mountainous areas with similar situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper provides a new idea for the genesis and evolution of loess tunnels in the Loess Plateau. • There are significant differences in the loess tunnel development density in the different topographic and micro-topographic units. • Spatial statistical modelling was employed to justify and predict the observed spatial distribution tendency of the loess tunnels. • The loess tunnel evolution process can be divided into five stages: the incubation stage, formation stage, development stage, failure stage, and withered stage. Loess tunnels are very common in the Loess Plateau, and they pose unique geological threats. Loess tunnels are often difficult to detect and control due to their concealment and sudden appearance. Thus far, research on the genesis and evolution of loess tunnels remains scarce. In this paper, the genesis and evolution mechanism of the loess tunnels in the Loess Plateau is studied in depth, and the location, shape, and size information are obtained via field investigations. The potential correlations between the loess sediment, the basic physical properties (depth, water content, particle size composition, collapsibility coefficient, and self-weight collapsibility coefficient), and the tunnel density are inferred based on the Pearson's correlation coefficients and tests on the physical and mechanical properties of the loess sediments. In addition, spatial statistical modelling is employed to justify and predict the observed spatial distribution of the loess tunnels assuming Gaussian Markov random fields. The formation of loess tunnels is due to a combination of factors, including the formation thickness, soil properties, joints and fissures, topography, hydrogeology, and climatic conditions. The thickness of the loess, loess sediment properties, and their spatial relationship jointly determine the material basis of the formation of the loess tunnels. The loess tunnels at different depths have different main controlling factors that are hierarchical by depth. The evolution process of loess tunnels can be divided into five stages: the incubation stage, formation stage, development stage, failure stage, and withered stage. The characteristics of each stage are discussed in detail. Our work provides novel insights into subsurface erosion from the aspect of soil tunnels. It improves our understanding of hill slope geomorphological evolution and also provides effective techniques for tunnel erosion control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A review of the current status of rainfall erosivity development is provided. • The accurate estimation of rainfall erosivity poses a challenge to quantitative analysis of soil erosion. • The differences in climate and environmental conditions result in variations in the estimated rainfall erosivity models. • The characteristics of rainfall itself influence the development of standards for rainfall erosion. • Rainfall erosivity can be estimated using either kinetic energy models or simplified estimation models. Rainfall erosivity (R) is commonly used to measure water and soil loss by representing the degree of rainfall-induced soil erosion. However, methods for calculating rainfall erosivity vary significantly regarding regional climatic and precipitation characteristics. How to quantitatively illustrate rainfall erosivity remains a key issue for soil erosion monitoring. In this paper, we summarize the basic principles in calculating rainfall erosivity, as well as the relationships and differences among mainstream methods. By referring to experiences gained from previous studies, this paper aims to better summarize and analyze the current rainfall erosivity estimation models and space–time distribution, so as to avoid the confused use of each estimation model as well as to proposes future researches. Currently, there is a widespread utilization of simple algorithms for rainfall erosivity estimation, and statistical methods like machine learning are also seen in such applications. Besides, while many have proposed to quantify local-scale rainfall erosivity, significant limitations are recognized for large-scale estimations. Future researches that emerge recently developed technologies such as remote sensing are expected to further improve rainfall erosivity estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new regional wind erosion events assessment method based on RF model was developed. • Integration of probabilistic statistical thoughts into wind erosion process studies. • Identification of the spatial distribution characteristics of threshold wind velocity. • Occurrence probability of wind erosion is assessed on a high-spatial-resolution scale. • 19.41 % of the study area has annual cumulative wind erosion duration near 1.5 months. The importance of air density variations in aeolian sand movement investigations is currently attracting widespread consideration. For this purpose, the spatial distribution characteristics of threshold wind velocity under the influence of air density are determined. To better understand the occurrence conditions of wind erosion events at different spatiotemporal scales, the present paper regards the air density metric as a bridge linking wind speed distribution and threshold wind velocity, reveals the coupling relationship between air density and wind speed by introducing the statistical distribution function method of probabilistic statistical thoughts, and accomplishes the scaling up of wind speed distribution parameters according to the random forest algorithm, achieving a comprehensive evaluation of the regional overall level of wind erosion events. The results demonstrate that the mean threshold wind velocity value in the study area is 4.29 m/s, displaying a decreasing pattern with higher values in the west and lower values in the east. The mean occurrence probability of the wind erosion value is 7.92 %, with regions exceeding 12 % basically located in the central and eastern parts of the Hunshandake Sandy Land, which means that the total annual cumulative time of wind erosion in these areas is expected to approach 1.5 months. This study can contribute to the development of a systematic assessment framework of wind erosion potential risks at the regional scale. It will provide crucial information and new insights for wind erosion process research, thereby offering a theoretical basis and technical reference for a full understanding of land desertification evolution patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Parent material exerts a significant influence on the soil texture and pH. • Parent material affects the soil water-holding capacity by affecting the soil texture. • Quartz sandstone soil exhibits the lowest water-holding capacity. • Argillaceous limestone soil exhibits the highest water-holding capacity. • Argillaceous limestone soil exhibits the lowest erosion resistance. The parent materials play an important role in soil hydrologic properties. However, in subtropical hilly areas with complex geological conditions, it appears that there is a lack of full understanding about the effect of parent material on soil water-holding and erosion resistance, which can be helpful for agricultural production and conservation of soil and water. In this study, five red soils developed from shale (Ds), quartz sandstone (Dqs), argillaceous nodular limestone (Danl), argillaceous limestone (Dal), and limestone conglomerate (Dlc) in subtropical China were selected. Soil properties, soil water-retention curves (SWRCs), water-stable aggregate fractions, and soil erodibility factor (K) were tested and calculated. The results showed that there are significant differences in soil texture among soils developed from different parent materials, soils with higher clay content have stronger water-holding capacity, and the average water-holding capacity of the five soils followed the order Dal > Danl > Ds > Dlc > Dqs. Furthermore, the erosion resistance of soil is closely related to the clay content and the stability of soil aggregates, and the sequence of average K -value among the five soil types is as follows: Danl > Dal > Dlc > Ds > Dqs. Partial least squares regression revealed that the stability of aggregates has a more significant influence on soil erodibility than the clay content. Therefore, soils with higher mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) are more resistance to erosion. This paper evaluated the distinctions in basic properties and hydraulic properties between different parent materials under similar climatic conditions, elevations and vegetation in subtropical hilly area of Southern China, which can serve as a scientific foundation for soil and water conservation in the environments characterized by complex geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hillslope erosion dynamic model integrating vegetation effect was established. • Unified baseline parameters were obtained across different land uses. • Effect of vegetation on soil detachment and sediment transport was revealed. • Contribution rates of vegetation to sediment reduction along slopes were quantified. Developing a process-based soil erosion model that comprehensively considers the effects of vegetation is complex but crucial for evaluating sediment reduction during vegetation restoration. Current understanding of the effect of vegetation on sediment reduction along hillslopes across different land uses is limited. In this paper, we developed a dynamic model of hillslope erosion that integrates the effects of vegetation on soil detachability and hydrodynamics (VED) based on the feedback mechanism between soil detachment and sediment transport. The VED was calibrated and validated with runoff plot data for woodland, grassland, and farmland in the Wuding, Yan, Jing and Wei Rivers of the Loess Plateau in China. Unified baseline parameters and decay coefficients of vegetation were obtained. The model validation results indicated that the coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe simulation efficiency and relative error ranged from 0.59 to 0.99, 0.56 to 0.90, and −45.99 % to 46.36 %, respectively. The decay coefficients for soil detachment capacity (Φ), sediment transport capacity (T c), and the sediment reduction effect of vegetation exhibited the following order: woodland > grassland > farmland. Compared with VED, existing process-based soil erosion models failed to effectively characterize the influence of vegetation on Φ and T c on the Loess Plateau, with differences of several orders of magnitude. The individual contributions of runoff, soil detachability, and hydrodynamics with vegetation impact on sediment yield were quantified by VED. The contribution rates of vegetation to sediment reduction decreased gradually with increasing slope length because the soil detachment capacity of bare slopes exceeded that of vegetated slopes, resulting in a faster increase in sediment yield. The contribution rates of vegetation to sediment reduction for woodland, grassland, and farmland with 20 %–60 % vegetation covers were 66.75 %–99.95 %, 57.43 %–99.63 %, and 27.91 %–88.63 % in the boundary conditions of this study, respectively. The results reveal the potential for integrating VED into other distributed watershed hydrological and sediment models to assess the effects of vegetation restoration on sediment reduction at a watershed scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mediterranean inlands face marginalization due to factors stemming from natural constraints. • Abandonment was led by field agricultural use, slope and fragmentation. • Both abandonment and recovery activities are ongoing in Gennargentu-Mandrolisai. • Grasslands were the most recovered areas. • Encouraging coordination among farmers could help mitigate the marginalization impacts. Farmland abandonment is a growing issue in many mountainous regions worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. The central region of Gennargentu-Mandrolisai in Sardinia (Italy) is particularly susceptible to this trend due to its distinctive topography, its remote localisation and the distance from the primary urban centres of the region. In fact, this region was traditionally suited for agro-silvopastoral systems, but it was included in the national strategy for inland areas mainly because of the demographic decline and land abandonment. This paper aims to identify the main drivers of rural marginalisation, abandonment and de-anthropisation by combining qualitative and quantitative spatial data. Qualitative data were collected from 30 farmers' interviews targeting young, dynamic, innovative farmers in order to identify possible triggers for maintaining agricultural activities. A diachronic analysis of land use from Corine Land Cover maps at five different dates over thirty years (1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018) was used to understand the main land use changes. The analysis of the surveyed farmland (1602 ha) showed that 21 % of the area was abandoned in the last three decades, and 15 % of abandoned land was recovered as farmland. The drivers of marginalisation identified by the farmers were analysed by a logistic regression model, which revealed that field management was influenced by 'crop type', 'slope' and 'road distance from the farm buildings'. The interactions that arose between the natural characteristics and the traditional organisational system contributed to non-competitiveness and abandonment of farms in Gennargentu-Mandrolisai. The present data allow us to propose hypotheses on how agricultural activities could be shaped and how some drivers of marginality could be overcome thanks to the presence and the active work of many young farmers who are willing to further improve agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Epirogeny maintained per-humid climate for laterization on Adamaoua, West Africa. • Three stepped lateritic landsurfaces differentiated on granitoids of Adamaoua. • Eocene and Mid-Miocene volcanisms bound periods of lateritic surfaces formation. • Lateritic remains from etch-plain type Paleosurface in landsurfaces regolith. • Pediplain formed downslope the first two etch-plain type landsurfaces. The aim of this paper is to describe and discuss the laterization pattern and the structuration mode of land-surfaces formed over the Pan-African granitic basement of Adamaoua highland. Paleocene to mid-Eocene epeirogeny compartmentalized the regional topography of Adamaoua on which lateritic landsurfaces have been formed over granitoids of comparable geochemistry. Regional scale geomorphological observations and petro-geochemical characterization of lateritic duricrusted regolith allow to distinguish three distinct lateritic landsurfaces, which are compared to lateritic surfaces from West Africa. Regolith of the upper and middle landsurfaces incorporate composite lateritic duricrusts including old bauxites and ferricretes, which are petrological heritages from former regolith of etch-plain type Paleogene African Surface. On Pan-African granitic basement of Adamaoua, the upper and middle landsurfaces formed on granitoids before mid-Miocene basaltic-andesitic outpourings that locally cover them, while the lower landsurface also formed on grantic rocks has been mostly shaped over late Neogene. The geochemical compositions of lateritic duricrusts of upper and middle landsurfaces are clearly distributed between aluminous, ferruginous and kaolinite poles that typifies lateritic regolith of the bauxitic and (Fe-rich) intermediate etch-plains surfaces similarly as lateritic regolith of the Paleogene West-African sequence. Geochemical compositions of lateritic regolith on lower landsurface are mostly distributed between silica, kaolinite and iron, suggesting that more or less evolved or duricrusted horizons have been exposed by differential erosion of this landsurface. Lateritic regoliths of the three landsurfaces are also typified and differentiated by their index of laterization (IOL) and fractionation patterns of some trace (Cr, V, Zr, Ti, Nb, Th, Y, Ta, Ga) and rare earth elements (HREE, Eu/Eu*, (Gd/Yb) N). Though Neogene volcanic epirogenic uplift effects on landscape cannot be totally excluded, erosion and down-wasting of Paleogene landscape mostly evolved to a degraded lateritic etch-plain and late formation of a lower pediplain on Pan-African basement of Adamaoua highland under long-lasting per-humid climatic conditions over Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Obvious segmentation phenomenon of wind speed profiles of plant covered surfaces. • Predicting models of key physical variations of wind velocity profiles. • A new relationship between drag coefficient and lateral cover. Implementing vegetation is the preferred measure for controlling soil wind erosion. The physical variations in the wind velocity profile, such as the friction wind velocity (u *), aerodynamic roughness (z 0), zero-plane displacement (d) and drag coefficient (C d), are key to understanding soil wind erosion on vegetation-covered surfaces. However, the lack of systematic and in-depth research in the literature has led to significant controversy and uncertainty. Based on the wind tunnel data of wind velocities at 18 different heights near the ground surface for four plant heights (H = 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) and densities (d s = 27, 46, 97, and 193 N/m2) and six free stream velocity (u ∞ = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 m/s) scenarios, the relationships among u * , z 0 , d , the parameters of u ∞ and the vegetation structural characteristics, including the plant height (H), density (d s), and lateral cover (λ), are investigated in this paper. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The near-surface wind velocity profiles of the vegetation-covered surface can be divided into three segments with little variation in the wind velocity with height, a rapid increase in the wind velocity with height, and close to the free stream velocity. Their corresponding heights ranged from the surface to heights of 0.5 – 0.75 H , 0.5 – 0.75 H to 50 cm, and exceeding the height of 50 cm, respectively. (2) The zero-plane displacement increased with the plant height and density but decreased with the free stream velocity. The relationship between them can be expressed by Eq. (5). (3) The friction wind velocity of the vegetation-covered surface increased with the plant height, density, and free stream velocity. The relationship between them can be expressed by Eq. (6). The drag coefficient increased rapidly at first and then slowly decreased with increasing lateral cover, which satisfied the equation C d = 0.00155 + 0.0111 λ /(λ + 0.124). (4) The aerodynamic roughness increased with the plant height and density but decreased with the free stream velocity. The aerodynamic roughness of the vegetation-covered surface under different free stream velocities and lateral cover conditions can be expressed by Eq. (8). The study results are a basis for the modeling of the dynamics of wind erosion on vegetation-covered surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Recurrent fire leads to degraded rainforest (DRf) and herbaceous-shrubby (HS). • Ksat and 6 years of rainfall-soil suction interactions are analyzed. • HS provide shallow soil saturation even during long dry periods. • Fire decreases Ksat in topsoil and it increases soil suction in depth at HS. • Post-fire soil changes tend to favor rapid suction loss in the unsatured zone. The role of fire in vegetation-soil–water interactions and its implications for soil stability and slope failures is poorly documented in humid tropical regions. This paper focuses on the relationships between vegetation change through recurrent fire and its effects on hydraulic conductivity and soil suction. Two monitoring sites were chosen on steep slopes in the mountainous domain of the Atlantic rainforest: the first is representative of degraded secondary rainforest (DRf) 25–30 years after slash and burn agriculture; the other represents herbaceous-shrubby vegetation (HS) resulting from wildfires in short-time intervals (<5 years). Two fires had previously occurred on the HS slope, one in December 2014 and the other in September 2019. Continuous records of rainfall and soil suction at depths of 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, and 220 cm provided a 6-year data collection from January 2015 to December 2020. Hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) field tests were conducted around the two monitoring sites before and after the September 2019 fire. The main results include: a) soil suction in the topsoil of both vegetation covers follow the rainfall inputs with high values of Ksat (DRf = 195 mm/h; HS = 203 mm/h); b) while quick rainfall-suction responses prevail within the DRf soil profile, soil suction at HS maintains a mean suction value around -27 kPa below 100 cm deep; c) field observations attest to the occurrence of hydrophobicity after the 2019 fire; d) Ksat tests just after this fire indicated a decreasing mean value from 203 mm/h to 46 mm/h; and e) by the end of the dry season after fire, there is a delayed increase in soil suction reaching -143 kPa at a depth of 100 cm and in smaller proportions at 220 cm deep. These results indicate that post-fire soil changes tend to favor the sudden loss of soil stability and slope failure during extreme rainfall events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An overview of progress in aeolian landform dynamics utilizing CFD are reviewed. • Turbulence and particle motion modeling techniques promote sand transport simulation. • Key factors of simulation are wind regimes, surface roughness and bedform morphology. • CFD has advantages in controlled, accessible, visualized, and detailed simulation. • Three topics are proposed for future CFD researches on aeolian landforms dynamics. Relationships and feedback between airflow dynamics, sand transport and underlying surface characteristics play significant roles in the formation and evolution of aeolian landforms. Studies that apply Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling have increasingly provided insights into the influence of wind dynamics and characteristics of wind-blown sand. However, there is a lack of systematic review on modeling airflow and sand transport over aeolian landforms. This paper reviews 105 relevant CFD studies from the literature up to 2023 and summarizes methods of modeling airflow and sand transport. Additionally, it reviews their implementations of these methods and findings on how wind regimes and underlying surface characteristics, including surface roughness conditions and bedform morphology, affect wind dynamics and the behavior of wind-blown sand. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of CFD modeling methods and their application to better understand the utilization of CFD simulations of aeolian landforms. CFD approach provides a valuable alternative to study related filed in a controlled, accessible, visualized, and detailed manner. We conclude this review by recommending three topics for future research to improve the accuracy of modeling and promote applications of CFD to aeolian landforms, i.e., modeling critical and comprehensive turbulent flow, developing robust and accurate models of particle motion, and investigating the effects of vegetation and boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NDVI shows an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2020. • The Hexi region shows a warming and wetting trend. • Extreme precipitation is more important for NDVI. • The lag effect of NDVI on climate extremes varies by indicators and spaces. Climate extremes significantly affects vegetation dynamics, and understanding the relationship between dryland vegetation and climate extremes is crucial for regional ecological security and disaster warning. According to meteorological and satellite remote sensing data, the paper analyses the dynamics of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climate extremes in the Hexi region from 2000 to 2020 using Theil-Sen Median, Mann-Kendall and linear regression methods; the relationship between climate extremes and vegetation dynamics is revealed using Pearson correlation and boosted regression trees (BRT) models. On this basis, the time-lag effect of NDVI in response to climate extremes was further investigated. The results show that the NDVI in the Hexi region increased from 2000 to 2020, with significant greening (67.72 %) and a small amount of degradation concentrated in the desert in the northwest and the oasis in the southeast. The correlation between climate extremes indicators and NDVI shows a large spatial heterogeneity, with extreme precipitation showing a high importance for all regions except oasis. NDVI has no lag or 1 month lag for extreme temperature, no lag for max 1-day precipitation amount (Rx1day) for areas other than mountainous areas, and a 3-month lag for max 5-day precipitation amount (Rx5day) for extensive areas. The results of this study could serve as a reference for the study of the relationship between vegetation dynamics and climate extremes in arid and semi-arid regions, and provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of scientific and reasonable strategies for regional vegetation restoration and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Lake evolution of Sumxi Co has been reconstructed from lacustrine carbonate isotopes. • Hydrological conditions were mainly dominated by regional precipitation on the northwestern QTP. • Millennial hydroclimate events were responding to globally cooling events and solar irradiance. Climatic and hydrological changes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) are controlled by the Asian summer monsoon and the mid-latitude westerlies, which directly affect a large population in Asia. However, the millennial temporal and spatial patterns of Holocene hydroclimate variations on the QTP remain unclear due to the lack of high-quality paleoclimatic records. This paper examines high-resolution stable oxygen and carbon isotopes of authigenic carbonate (δ18O carb and δ13C carb) covering the past 5,000 years taken from Sumxi Co, a hydrologically closed lake lies outside the direct influence of the large ice caps on the northwestern QTP. The hydrological environment of Sumxi Co inferred from the covariance between δ18O carb and δ13C carb values was unstable during the middle to late Holocene, with abrupt increases in lake-levels during the 5.0–4.0 cal ka BP, 3.2–3.1 cal ka BP, 1.8–1.3 cal ka BP, and 0.7 cal ka BP to present. Past millennial hydrological fluctuations coincide temporally with the occurrences of glacier advances on the northwestern QTP, implying increased regional moisture and precipitation during cold periods in the region. The 'cold and wet' hydroclimatic pattern is comparable in other records to the arid areas of central Asia dominated by westerlies before the current anthropogenic warming. The four millennial-scale humid events are synchronous with reduced solar irradiance within dating errors, supporting the hypotheses that the regional pattern of hydroclimatic evolution in arid central Asia responds dominantly and directly to changes in solar activity. This external forcing may be amplified by North Atlantic cooling events and southward shifts of the intertropical convergence, which have further modulated the position of mid-latitude westerlies and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Channel dynamics of pseudomeandering rivers is poorly known. • The study river reacted very rapidly to sediment supply changes. • Deforestation resulted in an increase of sediment supply and in a braided channel. • Reforestation and gravel mining caused river incision and a low sinuosity channel. • Post mining sediment supply increase was a key factor in shaping channel morphology. Typically, pseudomeandering rivers are gravel-bed streams considered unstable and prone to turning into braided or meandering channels under the effect of external forcings. Channel changes of pseudomeandering rivers have not been investigated in detail so far. This paper analyses the response of a pseudomeandering river (the Cecina River in western central Italy) to variations of sediment supply resulting from streambed material mining and land use change throughout the last two centuries. Old maps and 11 sets of aerial images from 1954 to the present of four representative sites were used to measure the variation through time of bankfull width and channel sinuosity. The changes in the number of bends, chute channels, bank erosion, bend extension, migration and retraction were recorded and the main processes which favoured pseudomeandering river channel changes were investigated. The old maps indicate that in the first half of the XIX century, the study river had probably a braided morphology in response to the increase in sediment supply following the liberalization of deforestation. From the beginning of the XX century to the present, the river had a predominantly single thread, pseudomeandering morphology which did not change during about 20 years of intense gravel mining (the 1960s – mid-1980s) when the main response of the river was channel incision and narrowing. A few years after bed material extraction stopped the river started to widen, to increase channel sinuosity and consolidate its pseudomeandering morphology. The study confirms that marked variations in sediment supply are more effective than floods in triggering river channel changes. The study also shows that the pseudomeandering configuration is less unstable than previously highlighted in other scientific works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different paleosol types record past climate and vegetation change in the Lanzhou Basin, Gansu. • Persistent arid to semi-arid climate from Eocene to Miocene was interrupted by warm-humid spikes. • Lanzhou basin paleosols recorded a variety of Cenozoic global paleoclimatic events. • The rain shadow from Tibetan Plateau uplift maintained arid to subhumid eolian deposition. Global cooling over the past 45 million years has been well established from deep sea isotopic records, and one explanation has been the cooling effect of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Other explanations for cooling are initiation of circum-Antarctic circulation, and carbon sequestration by newly evolved grasslands. The Lanzhou Basin is located at the intersection of the Tibetan Plateau, eastern monsoon region, and northwestern arid region of China, so well placed to evaluate Tibetan Plateau effects. This paper infers paleoclimatic changes from a long sequence of Cenozoic paleosols within the Xiliugou, Yehucheng and Xianshuihe Formations, in the Lanzhou Basin of Gansu. Eleven distinct kinds of paleosols (pedotypes) were recognized in the field from root traces, soil horizons and soil structures. These pedotypes were then intepreted as soils by R-mode factor analysis and molecular weathering ratios of major element geochemical composition. Supporting data from compaction-corrected depth to carbonate in the paleosols show that paleoclimate was persistently arid to semi-arid from the middle Eocene to the middle Miocene, but interrupted by transient climatic warm-wet events, which correlate with marine oxygen-isotopic events and large igneous province basaltic eruptions. At 42, 34, 22, 18, 17 and 16 Ma, spikes of mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) are evident from the paleosols, at times also recognized in global marine isotopic and stomatal index carbon dioxide records. At 37, 33 and 23 Ma, low MAP and MAT estimated from paleosols of the Lanzhou Basin coincide with glacial advances, and marine oxygen isotopic spikes and low CO 2. Paleosols of the Lanzhou Basin record global paleoclimate events during the middle Eocene to the middle Miocene, rather than variation in Tibetan Plateau uplift. The rain shadow from Tibetan Plateau maintained generally arid to subhumid eolian deposition in Gansu for the past 50 million years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • AHA addition can enhance the adsorption capacity of soil phosphorus. • AHA decreases phosphorus loss under freeze-thaw condition, and the longer the freeze-thaw time, the better the effect. • Alkaline conditions and high ionic strength promote the migration of soil phosphorus through electrostatic repulsion. • Two-site model results fit well with breakthrough experimental data. The problem of soil nutrient loss has become increasingly serious in recent years, and the problem of soil "thinning" has led to a gradual decrease in the soil's ability to fix phosphorus (P). In order to effectively alleviate the loss of soil nutrients and improve the ability of soil to fix phosphorus, artificial humic acid (AHA) is a promising material. Therefore, this paper focuses on the effect of AHA addition on the transport behavior of P in soil. Column experiments were designed considering four environmental influences (AHA addition, freeze-thaw cycles, background pH and ionic strength) and two types of soils (black soil and saline soil). In order to clarify the mechanism of its migration behavior, we used characterization methods, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the two-site nonequilibrium transport model (TSM) models. The results showed that AHA effectively enhanced the P fixation ability in the soil. Specifically, with the increase of AHA concentration, the soil formed an envelope complex and further enhanced the absorption and fixation ability of soil P through complexation and electrostatic action. We found an interesting phenomenon that AHA can enhance the adsorption of P in soil as the number of freeze-thaw days increased, contrary to our initial hypothesis that freezing and thawing would lead to a decrease in the ability of AHA-added soils to fix P. At lower pH, the protonation reaction of functional groups on the surface of AHA molecules led to the neutralization of OH– which in turn enhanced the adsorption of P in soil. The lower ionic strength weakened the electronegativity of the soil and enhanced the fixation of P in soil. Meanwhile, the TSM could better simulate the P transport behavior under the above-mentioned condition. This study elucidated the transport behavior of P in black and saline soils with the introduction of AHA, which could effectively clarify the environmental risk caused by P loss and improve the ecological benefits of AHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Amount & composition of stored sediment in rain-impacted flows affect erosion. • Amount & composition of stored sediment varies until the steady state occurs. • Compositions of stored and discharge sediment differ from each other. • Compositions of soil and sediment discharge is the same at the steady state. Many experiments on erosion by rainfall involve applying artificial rainfall on inclined planar soil surfaces. When sediment is discharged by rain-impacted flows, the transport of silt and sand-sized particles is dominated by raindrop-driven transport processes such as raindrop-induced saltation and rolling. Raindrop-induced saltation is a process which stores detached material on the soil surface as it transports detached material downstream. The amount stored increases with time until it reaches a steady state. If all particles transported downstream travel at the same rate, then the composition of the stored material is the same as that of the original soil. However, particles transported by raindrop-induced saltation travel at rates that vary with their size a density. This results in the composition of the sediment discharged to vary with time until the steady state is reached. In this paper, a qualitative mathematical model is used to demonstrate how the composition of the stored material varies with slope length, rainfall intensity, flow depth and the particle sizes being transported. The results produced by the model demonstrate that fine material is enriched at the expense of coarse material in the sediment discharge while being depleted in the stored material until the steady state is reached. The buildup of detained material on the soil surface also influences the amount of soil material discharge as time progresses during an erosion event. Consequently, the erosion rate will vary with time until the steady state is reached. Many experiments involve applying rain for a fixed time and consider the average erosion rate as the independent variable is regression analyses to determine the effect of factors such rainfall intensity, slope length, slope gradient and soil type on erosion. The inclusion of erosion when the steady state does not exist means that the results of these experiments have limited values beyond the experimental conditions used in the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Soils under anthropic uses showed more remarkable changes in soil properties with rainfall seasonality than soils under natural páramo. • Land-use change from natural vegetation to potato and onion crops followed by fallow reduces soil organic matter and water content and increases bulk density. • Land-use change could impair the ability of páramo catchments for streamflow buffering and this could increase surface runoff and reduce base flow. High-Andean páramos deliver essential ecosystem hydrological services from a combination of soil, vegetation, and climate characteristics, particularly in their natural state. However, agricultural activities considerably affect the páramo's ability to store, regulate, and supply water. Although there is information on the effect of potato crops (Solanum tuberosum) on páramo soils' properties, the effect of spring onion (Allium fistulosum) crops has been studied less. In addition, dry páramos are underrepresented in existent páramoś research. This study assessed the effect of rainfall seasonality (RS) and land-use change (transformation from páramo vegetation to crops) on soil hydrophysical properties associated with hydrological services (streamflow buffering) in a dry páramo in the Eastern range in Colombia. Six dominant land uses were studied: natural páramo vegetation (low slope, steep slope, and dense shrublands) and anthropic use (onion crops, potato crops, and fallow). An in-depth random stratified discrete design (0–5, 10–15, and 20–25 cm) was used to collect samples for analysis of soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). Hydrophysical properties were measured at the soil surface: water retention capacity (WRC), structural stability (SS), and infiltration capacity (IC). Soils under anthropic uses showed more remarkable changes in soil properties with RS than soils under natural páramo. On the other hand, land-use change from natural vegetation to potato and onion crops followed by fallow leads to a reduction in SOM (9.8 %) and an increase in BD (0.19 gcm−3), especially at the surface level. In addition, this leads to a loss of WRC (20 % at field capacity), an increase in unstable aggregates (13 %), water erosion, and a loss of IC (44 mmh−1). This paper demonstrates the impact of land use on soil hydrophysical properties that compromise the maintenance of hydrological services and contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of Andean páramos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel macroscale terrain factor proposed, enlarges terrain break of gully erosion. • Computer sight simulates the factor, different from slope, openness, and hillshade. • Uncertainty caused by resolution, direction number, look distance and skip radius. • Human vision finds the critical value for gully shoulder line on the loess plateau. • P-N terrain is linked with repose angle under the complexity of loess landform. As a type of terrain break, the gully shoulder line is of great significance to locate the scope of surface failure and soil erosion. Based on the knowledge of the terrain structure of loess gullies, this paper modeled sight lines to calculate the three-dimensional maximum elevation angle (3D MEA). Then, a critical MEA value of 35° was determined via human vision to extract negative terrain and shoulder lines considering unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)- and light detection and ranging (lidar)-based digital elevation models (DEMs). In addition to the DEM resolution, the uncertainties caused by the direction number, look distance and skip radius of computer sight were further examined. It was suggested that the process should involve observing at least 12 directions to detect complete information on terrain breaks. The simulation process required a relatively large look distance to analyze global terrain changes because a small distance could limit sight within the local window. The skip radius could result in the process ignoring nearby abrupt changes in terrain, thus causing negative terrain to be misclassified as positive terrain near shoulder lines. The concept of wall morphology was introduced to attribute the critical value to the repose angle of loess gullies. Eventually, the MEA was compared with many other parameters. It could be concluded that the slope is limited to the local scale, while the MEA could combine local and global scales using a large look distance. The hillshade is limited to one viewing direction, but the 3D MEA is a comprehensive layered index from multiple directions. This study is a novel exploration of interdisciplinary hydraulic engineering and information technology. This approach reduces terrain breaks from three-dimensional space into a one-dimensional index and simplifies shoulder lines as a critical 3D MEA value related to loess material properties. This research could be adopted for soil and water conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tree richness and mycorrhizal-symbionts effects on SOC, GRSP-C, Rh, Q 10, Hs and GHGs were studied. • High tree richness induced 16–126.6% higher SOC, TG-C, Rh, and in situ N 2 O flux. • AM dominant plots had 34–39% higher SOC and Rh than the ectomycorrhizal plots. • Richness and AM's effects in 0–1 m soils were more evident than 0–20 cm soils. • Richness directly improved stability, while richness-AM-decreased-CAZymes favoured storage accrual. • Six types of CAZymes of GHs, PLs, CEs, GTs, AAs and CBMs cooperatively worked in the regulation. Biodiversity loss and tree alternations often occurred in high-latitude Northern Hemisphere forests owing to climatic changes and human disturbance, while their effects on soil carbon sequestration remain unclear. In this paper, tree richness and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-tree dominance experiments were settled in an experimental forest, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and glomalin-related soil protein carbon (Total, TG-C and easily extracted, EEG-C), stability (heterotrophic respiration, Rh, temperature sensitivity, Q 10 and humidity sensitivity, Hs), in situ soil CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O fluxes, and CAZymes activities from the microbial metagenome technique were measured to identify their impacts and underlying mechanism. Both analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression found tree richness and AM tree loss accompanied by soil carbon sequestration loss of total SOC storage, their mycorrhizal components (TG-C) and Rh. In 0–20 cm soils, high tree richness quadrats had 16–126.6 % higher SOC, TG-C, Rh, and in situ N 2 O flux, while AM-dominated stands had 34–39 % higher SOC and Rh than the EcM-dominated stands. In the 1 m soil profile, the effect size from tree richness and AM trees were more evident than the 0–20 cm soils. Compared with the richness gradient, much significant differences occurred between AM- and EcM-dominated stands. Structural equation modeling found that tree richness directly improved C stability, while the SOC accrual from the tree richness enrichment and AM-tree dominance were indirectly achieved by their decreasing in multiple CAZymes activities. Of CAZymes, glycoside hydrolases, polysaccharide lyases, carbohydrate esterases, glycosyl transferases, auxiliary activities, and carbohydrate-binding modules cooperated in their regulation of the soil C accrual. Our findings support carbon sequestration via biodiversity conservation and proper forest management related to tree mycorrhizal symbionts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A proxy based on mass movements for assessing climate change was proposed. • The periodicity of mass movements conforms to the changing patterns of traditional climate proxies. • Climate change determines the spatial and temporal distribution of mass movements. The spatial and temporal distribution, as well as the formation and evolution of mass movements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau orogenic belt, have been extensively discussed. We gathered research papers focusing on the ages of Quaternary residual deposits associated with mass movements in the surrounding orogenic belts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of 172 large-scale typical deposits and their ages were analyzed to explore the primary driving mechanisms behind mass movements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As these deposits were collected from diverse geological environments and the ages primarily concentrated in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene periods, we categorized mass movements with ages younger than 140 ka into three distinct regional climate systems: the Indian Summer Monsoon, the East Asian Summer Monsoon, and the Westerlies. The relationship between the emergence of mass movements and climate change was thoroughly investigated. Our research indicates that mass movements can serve as a reliable proxy for indicating climate change. The cycles of mass movements are closely synchronized with the warm and cold alternations of regional climates, holding significant importance in reshaping the environmental evolutionary history. We propose that the extensive mass movements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are primarily driven by periodic climate variations, although they may not exhibit a perfect one-to-one correspondence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We provide the first detailed Relative Mean Sea-Level curve for the Northern Aegean. • We detected for the first time in this coastal area the Neolithic drowned landscapes. • Palaeogeographic reconstruction shows coastal progradation due to anthropic forcing. • Historical events appear to dominate the fate of the city over environmental factors. • We detected the impact of a tsunami in 544 AD in this part of the Thracian coast. This paper presents an integrated Geoarchaeological approach to Holocene landscape change and socio-environmental interaction around ancient Abdera, a Greek colony in Aegean Thrace. A combination of remote sensing, geomorphological mapping, sedimentary coring, and radiocarbon dating was used to build the first detailed Holocene sea-level curve in the Northern Aegean, and to reconstruct the palaeogeographic evolution around Abdera from the Neolithic onwards. The discussion of these results, alongside the available archaeo-historical data, sheds new light on the role of historical and environmental factors in the rise and eventual decline of Abdera, thereby challenging previous narratives. This study is the first to detect evidence of the Neolithic landscapes in this coastal area being submerged by marine transgression c. 5000 cal. BC. A lagoonal landscape developed from the Neolithic until Greek colonists settled in the area c. 654 BC. The results presented here suggest that the relocation of the city in the 4th century BC was not caused by the silting up of the bay but was due to historical events. The coastal progradation only became significant after 300 cal. BC and accelerated in the following centuries. Based on the data acquired, it is hypothesized that this was due to anthropogenic forcing of the sedimentary systems both at local and regional levels, caused by the development of the productive activities of the colony. The evidence presented here demonstrates that while Abdera retained good access to the sea, its decline in the 4th c. AD was certainly due to the gradual shift of the economic axis inland. By 400 cal. AD the coastline was very close to its current position. The results of this study also add to the catalogue of known tsunamis in the Northern Aegean, by providing new evidence of a tsunami on this section of the Thracian coast in 544 AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NTDI (nonlinear trivariate drought index) performs better than single type drought indices for drought monitoring. • NTDI can effectively monitor the drought onset and duration. • NTDI shows good potential in the agricultural drought assessment. Due to the complexity of meteorological and hydrological conditions in a changing environment, previous drought indices for monitoring a specific drought type do not reflect the overall regional situation of water scarcity. Therefore, in order to obtain accurate and reliable drought monitoring, a more integrated drought index should be developed to identify drought events comprehensively. In this paper, a non-linear trivariate drought index (NTDI) was constructed based on the joint probability distribution of parametric copulas, combining precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET), and root zone soil moisture (SM) variables. Subsequently, it was respectively compared with four drought indices, SPEI, SSMI, SC-PDSI and TVDI, and cross-validated with actual recorded drought events and annual crop yield to evaluate its applicability in arid Central Asia (ACA). The results indicated that: (1) Frank copula (1-,3-month scale) and Gumbel copula (6-,12-month scale) were considered to be the best-fitted copula functions for constructing joint probability distributions in the ACA. (2) The NTDI integrated the P-PET and SM drought signals to sensitively capture drought onset and duration, reflecting the combined characteristics of meteorological and agricultural drought. (3) The drought information expressed by NTDI was generally consistent with recorded drought events, and the monitoring results are accurate. (4)The NTDI performed better in agricultural drought monitoring than other drought indices. This study provides a reliable multivariate composite indicator which is significant for drought monitoring, prevention and risk assessment in ACA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The natural variability of directly observed soil thermal conductivity was low. • Soil moisture can explain at least 50 % of soil thermal conductivity variability. • The effect of soil thermal conductivity on active layer thickness was insignificant. • Active layer thickness negatively correlates with soil moisture. The knowledge of soil thermal properties is important for determining how a soil will behave under changing climate conditions, especially in the sensitive environment of permafrost affected soils. This paper represents the first complex study of the interplay between the different parameters affecting soil thermal conductivity of soils in Antarctica. Antarctic Peninsula is currently the most rapidly warming region of the whole Antarctica, with predictions of this warming to continue in the upcoming decades. This study focuses on James Ross Island, where the Abernethy Flats automatic weather station is located in a lowland area with semi-arid climate. Air and ground temperature, soil heat flux and soil moisture during the thawing season were monitored on this site from 2015 to 2023. Moreover, two approaches to determining soil thermal conductivity were compared – laboratory measurements and calculation from field data. During this period, mean annual temperatures have increased dramatically for both air (from −6.9 °C in 2015/2016 to −3.8 °C in 2022/2023) and ground (from −6.5 °C to −3.2 °C), same as active layer thickness (from 68 cm to 95 cm). Average soil thermal conductivity for the thawing period reached values between 0.49 and 0.74 W/m.K−1 based on field data. Statistically significant relationships were found between the seasonal means of volumetric water content and several other parameters – soil thermal conductivity (r = 0.91), thawing degree days (r = −0.87) and active layer thickness (r = −0.88). Although wetter soils generally have a higher conductivity, the increase in temperature exhibits a much stronger control over the active layer thickening, also contributing to the overall drying of the upper part of the soil profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Role of periglacial regions in mercury (Hg) cycling in the Antarctic coastal zone. • Spatial variability of Hg and MeHg concentrations in soil of ice-free areas. • Study confirms link between weathering of rocks and the Hg concentration in soil. • Presence of animals, e.g. penguins and seals, impacts the concentration of Hg in soil. • OM is a key factor affecting Hg distribution across Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. The Antarctic plays a critical role in global mercury cycling as both a sink of Hg and, in response to rapid global warming, an emerging source of Hg through its release from thawing permafrost and recessing glaciers. At the present time, Antarctica and surrounding areas have little mercury contamination in comparison to other regions of the world. Understanding the sources and transformations of Hg in the Antarctic will be particularly important in predicting the role of a changing environment in the mercury cycle as emissions and global climate change. Study samples were collected at 12 stations, categorized into three groups based on the human or animal presence and flora. Sampling took place in December 2018 and January 2019, and soil and parent rock samples were collected and analyzed for total mercury concentration and its fractions using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Bedrock samples collected on the coast of Admiralty Bay were found to have low organic matter content, while soil samples from the west shore of the bay had a high variability of organic matter content, ranging from 3 % to 41 %. The concentration of total mercury in bedrock ranged from 2.1 ng/g to 15.0 ng/g, and in soil samples, the total mercury concentration ranged from 4.7 ng/g to 143.1 ng/g. This paper reviews current knowledge of Hg cycling in the Antarctic, including its sources, fate, and effects on the ecosystem. The implications of climate change for Hg cycling in the region are also discussed, highlighting the need for continued research to better understand the potential impacts of Hg contamination in the Antarctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Landscape ecological vulnerability was assessed using bagging ANN-MLP and RF models. • B-MLP model was found best fit model for LEV assessment based on ROC curve, recall, precision, F1-score and accuracy. • Largest area under very high LEV was recorded in the southern part of the plains. • Rainfall, soil, vegetation and LULC were found influencing factors for LEV. • Plantation, embankments and geotextile technology are suggested to check erosion. Riverbank erosion is one of the most catastrophic hazards that renders floodplains vulnerable across the world vulnerable. It creates a significant negative impact on the environment and socio-economic life. This paper attempts to assess the landscape ecological vulnerability (LEV) to riverbank erosion in the Middle Brahmaputra floodplains of Assam, India by employing two machine learning models, namely artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP) and random forest (RF). Bagging ensembles were created for both ANN-MLP and RF (B-MLP and B-RF) to generate LEV zones. A total of eleven site-specific parameters were considered for the study. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) based area under curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score were used to validate the models and judge the models' performance. A sensitivity analysis was performed to deduce the most influential LEV parameters. The results revealed that B-MLP was the better-performing model compared to B-RF based on all five validation metrics. The largest area was found under very high vulnerability zone followed by very low, low, high and moderate vulnerability zones, based on both ensemble models. The western part of the floodplains was found to be more vulnerable than the eastern part. Moreover, the southern bank faced more vulnerability in comparison to the northern bank. The factors namely rainfall, soil type, vegetation and land /use land cover (LULC) influenced bank erosion vulnerability. This research provides evidence that the study area is under severe threat to riverbank erosion and urgently requires the implementation of effective mitigation measures. The study might benefit policymakers and local stakeholders to protect the floodplains from bank erosion and reduce vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Congeners of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were examined in the sediments of Iznik lake. • PCB 118, PCB 105 and Hepta – Octa CDD/Fs are the dominant in the sediments. • Sediment close to industrial companies has the highest amount of pollutant. • Dioxin-like toxicity levels of sediments are higher than threshold of 0.85 pg TEQ/g. • Dioxin-like (PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs) concentrations do not exceed the tolerable daily intake value. Iznik lake is the biggest lake in the Marmara region, which is the most industrialized and populated area of Türkiye. The lake is one of Türkiye's most important water supply areas and is located nearby the Iznik district of Bursa, with a population of about 45,000. It is being used for irrigation and fishery production, but not for drinking water. In this paper, the distribution, pollution source, and risk assessment of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in the surface sediments of Iznik lake and streams (both flowing to and flowing from the lake) were investigated. Six surface sediments collected from the lake and four surface sediments collected from the streams were analyzed in high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR/GC–MS) system in accordance with EPA 1613 and EPA 1668 methods. The concentration ranges of the ∑PCDD/Fs is 21.4 pg/g d.w. (inside the lake (IZ-6)) – 54.5 pg/g d.w. (Gülayağı stream (IZ-8)) and ∑DL-PCBs is 13.5 pg/g d.w. (inside the lake (IZ-3)) – 46.3 pg/g d.w. (Olukdere (IZ-7)) respectively, with 2.68 pg TEQ/g d.w. on average. The results showed that the high chlorinated (Hepta – Octa CDD/Fs) dioxins/furans and pentachlorinated PCBs (PCB 118 and 105) are dominant in the sediments. A detailed assessment of PCDD/F congener profiles observed in the lake sediments speculated that the wastewater discharges to the lake could be the main pollution source, while other sources such as open burning activities, runoff of pesticide residues from agricultural areas and atmospheric deposition may have some contribution also. The health risk assessment performed for polluted sediment demonstrated that, in the worst case, dioxin-like (PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs) concentration was a total intake of 0.37 pg TEQ/kg body weight/day, no exceeds the tolerable daily intake amount, where fish consumption accounts for nearly all of the total intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]