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• N deposition effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry of ungrazed and grazed grassland varied. • Livestock grazing may weaken N deposition effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry. • Climate variability and other environmental factors can also mediate N deposition effects. Increased nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to impact the grassland ecosystem by changing soil C:N:P stoichiometry. However, N deposition effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry is still in debate. In addition, we still know less about how N deposition affects soil C:N:P stoichiometry in grazed grassland as most studies focus on natural grassland. Hence, it is necessary to examine N deposition effects on both ungrazed and grazed grassland and clarify the disparity. We conducted a simulated N deposition experiment in ungrazed and grazed grassland of two grassland types including alpine meadow (AM) and alpine steppe (AS) to test such effects. Results showed that N deposition effects on ungrazed and grazed grassland varied. Soil C, soil N, soil P, soil C:N, soil N:P and soil C:P were significantly affected by N deposition in ungrazed grassland while only soil N, soil P, soil C:N, soil N:P were significantly affected by N deposition in grazed grassland. Soil C and soil N:P were not sensitive to N deposition in grazed grassland. N deposition negatively affects soil P in ungrazed grassland yet positively affected soil P in grazed grassland. N deposition effects accounted for 30% in ungrazed grassland, while significantly decreased to 12% when grazing effects were considered suggesting that livestock grazing might weaken N deposition effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry. In addition, other climate and environmental factors such as MAT, MAP, and grassland type can also mediate N deposition effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry in both ungrazed and grazed grasslands. On the whole, our findings suggested that there existed a disparity of N deposition effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry between ungrazed and grazed grassland, and livestock grazing may weaken N deposition effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry in alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]