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The article discusses fixed-value monetary systems and its transitioning standards of value. Topics include the Soft Money approach who's goal is to price stability and full employment, the fixed-value system rule applied to the hard money approach, market based fixed-value systems and the transition between gold-based Currencies and floating fiat currencies.

The article discusses the New Monetary Economics (NME), which claims that monetary exchange should be liberalized by being freed from government fiat base money and instead tied to a commodity unit of account. Such monetary separation is said to require falling demand for currency issued by central banks. Other topics include the use of real-time gross settlement (RTGS) by commercial banks, the use of liquidity-saving mechanisms (LSMs), and the impact of computer algorithms in the settlement of interbank payments.

The article focuses on the history of currency question relating to monetary systems in the U.S. The author explores the two monetary systems that have existed in the U.S., namely the gold-silver standard or bimetallic standard that functioned from the 19th century to approximately 1914, and the U.S. Federal Reserve System which was initiated in 1913. The author emphasizes the stability and constancy of the dollar value, as well as its exchange value, during the bimetallic standard period. The pertinence of the U.S. Supreme Court case ''Hepburn v. Griswold in 1869 and its determination on the unconstitutionality of the use of greenbacks for payment of debts contracted before the passage of the Greenback Act in February, 1862 is addressed.

The author reflects on global monetary policy and monetary order. It is emphasized that the four major currencies are the euro, the yen, the pound and U.S. dollar. The role of fiat monetary arrangements and the influence of prior U.S. political and monetary considerations on fiat money is discussed. The author explores the theory of monetary nationalism and it being the theoretical basis for global monetary arrangements. The author expands upon the role of the Bretton Woods system of monetary management that was utilized beginning in the mid-20th century, while emphasizing that the end of its use and the return to fiat currencies led to the first peace-time high-inflation episode in the U.S.

The article focuses on the gold standard as a potential monetary regime and change to monetary policy in the U.S. The author explores the least costly way for the U.S. to transition to the gold standard. Two paths leading to this transition are discussed by the author, namely the setting of a date after which the U.S. dollar is solely defined based upon grams of pure gold and the growth of a parallel gold standard along with the current fiat dollar. The author emphasizes that the endogenous nature of the gold standard would signify little need for monetary policy by the federal government in the country.

The article focuses on the economic aspects of the global fiat monetary system that has been prevalent since the early 1970s. The author explores the principles of the fiat system, including the ability of central banks and governments to increase spending when desired and its tendency to avoid financial constraint regarding deficit finance and the over-issue of currency. The author compares the monetary system to that of the mid-20th century monetary management system called the Bretton Woods system.

The article focuses on the importance of money reform, while exploring the economic and political aspects of fiat money. The author emphasizes that fiat money tends to lose it value over time and is not a reliable source of wealth. A brief history of the Bretton Woods system of monetary management is provided, along with former U.S. President Richard Nixon's decision to terminate the convertibility of the U.S. dollar in August of 1971 and the economic consequences that ensued. The author discusses the politicization of money and the vulnerability of fiat currencies being subject to political influence.

In this article, the author uses historical data from the archives at the National Archives and Records Administration, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, and the New York Federal Reserve Bank to consider the monetary policies of the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department for the period from 1951 to 1986. The author considers the fifteen-year period of Great Inflation and analyzes why such an economic cycle has not been repeated to date. Other subjects considered include the worldwide influence of U.S. monetary policies, the transition away from the gold standard, and floating rates of the international currency exchange.

The article discusses the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 in the context of the U.S. Great Depression, examining the policies of the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) in the 1920's and describing what the Depression should have taught policy makers how to act and not to act with regard to the subprime crisis. Topics include the gold standard as a cause of the Depression, the policies of the Fed in 1929-30, and the stable price level policy for the U.S. economy in 1922-28. Also discussed is a banking theory called the Real Bills Doctrine which relates to the operations of Fed Banks.

Deals with the emergence of fiat money. Problems with the attempts to attribute the emergence of fiat money to barter; Application of the Kiyotaki-Wright model to explain the emergence of fiat money; Speculations on agents' choice of monetary object; Historical background on the emergence of fiat money.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including alternatives to central banking, depegging of the Swiss franc and the resource costs of fiat versus commodity money.

Discusses how full privatization of currency affects monetary policy in the United States. Differences between government and private currency; Determination of the quantity of money; Inconveniences of private currency; Interest on privatized currency; Problems with full privatization currency; Advantages and disadvantages of full privatization.