1. Z-form extracellular DNA is a structural component of the bacterial biofilm matrix
- Author
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Frank Robledo-Avila, Lauren O. Bakaletz, Kathryn Wilbanks, Lauren Mashburn-Warren, Erin S. Gloag, John R. Buzzo, Theresa Kesler, Steven D. Goodman, Paul Stoodley, Aishwarya Devaraj, Joseph A. Jurcisek, Joseph Wickham, Laura A. Novotny, and Sabarathnam Balu
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,DNase resistance ,DNABII proteins ,Extracellular Traps ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cell Line ,Extracellular matrix ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,Bacterial Proteins ,Extracellular DNA ,Antibody Specificity ,Chinchilla ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Animals ,Humans ,2 Aetiology ,DNA, Cruciform ,Deoxyribonucleases ,Innate immune system ,Bacteria ,biology ,Biofilm ,Biofilm matrix ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Z-DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Extracellular dna ,Extracellular Matrix ,Cell biology ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Biofilms ,Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ,Infection ,Extracellular Space ,DNA - Abstract
Biofilms are community architectures adopted by bacteria inclusive of a self-formed extracellular matrix that protects resident bacteria from diverse environmental stresses and, in many species, incorporates extracellular DNA (eDNA) and DNABII proteins for structural integrity throughout biofilm development. Here, we present evidence that this eDNA-based architecture relies on the rare Z-form. Z-form DNA accumulates as biofilms mature and, through stabilization by the DNABII proteins, confers structural integrity to the biofilm matrix. Indeed, substances known to drive B-DNA into Z-DNA promoted biofilm formation whereas those that drive Z-DNA into B-DNA disrupted extant biofilms. Importantly, we demonstrated that the universal bacterial DNABII family of proteins stabilizes both bacterial- and host-eDNA in the Z-form in situ. A model is proposed that incorporates the role of Z-DNA in biofilm pathogenesis, innate immune response, and immune evasion. Published version
- Published
- 2021
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