1. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency enhances germ cell apoptosis and causes defective embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
- Author
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Y-H Wu, M-L Cheng, K-P Cheng, Y-H Lin, Szecheng J. Lo, T-L Chen, H-Y Ho, H-C Yang, and D T-Y Chiu
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Programmed cell death ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,DNA damage ,Immunology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,germ cell apoptosis ,MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ,Embryonic Development ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Mice ,RNA interference ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,oxidative stress ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Caenorhabditis elegans ,Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ,Gene knockdown ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Cell Biology ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,MAPK ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Germ Cells ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ,C. elegans ,Original Article ,embryogenesis ,RNA Interference ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,Sequence Alignment ,Germ cell ,Oxidative stress ,G6PD ,DNA Damage - Abstract
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, known as favism, is classically manifested by hemolytic anemia in human. More recently, it has been shown that mild G6PD deficiency moderately affects cardiac function, whereas severe G6PD deficiency leads to embryonic lethality in mice. How G6PD deficiency affects organisms has not been fully elucidated due to the lack of a suitable animal model. In this study, G6PD-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans was established by RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown to delineate the role of G6PD in animal physiology. Upon G6PD RNAi knockdown, G6PD activity was significantly hampered in C. elegans in parallel with increased oxidative stress and DNA oxidative damage. Phenotypically, G6PD-knockdown enhanced germ cell apoptosis (2-fold increase), reduced egg production (65% of mock), and hatching (10% of mock). To determine whether oxidative stress is associated with G6PD knockdown-induced reproduction defects, C. elegans was challenged with a short-term hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The early phase egg production of both mock and G6PD-knockdown C. elegans were significantly affected by H2O2. However, H2O2-induced germ cell apoptosis was more dramatic in mock than that in G6PD-deficient C. elegans. To investigate the signaling pathways involved in defective oogenesis and embryogenesis caused by G6PD knockdown, mutants of p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were examined. Despite the upregulation of CEP-1 (p53), cep-1 mutation did not affect egg production and hatching in G6PD-deficient C. elegans. Neither pmk-1 nor mek-1 mutation significantly affected egg production, whereas sek-1 mutation further decreased egg production in G6PD-deficient C. elegans. Intriguingly, loss of function of sek-1 or mek-1 dramatically rescued defective hatching (8.3- and 9.6-fold increase, respectively) induced by G6PD knockdown. Taken together, these findings show that G6PD knockdown reduces egg production and hatching in C. elegans, which are possibly associated with enhanced oxidative stress and altered MAPK pathways, respectively.
- Published
- 2013