1. Modulation of RNA Polymerase II Phosphorylation Downstream of Pathogen Perception Orchestrates Plant Immunity
- Author
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Richard P. Metz, Zhaohu Li, Ping He, Xianfeng Ma, Xiao Yu, Cheng Cheng, Wenxian Sun, Charles D. Johnson, Maoying Li, Gonçalo Apolinário de Souza Filho, Hisashi Koiwa, Zhangjun Fei, Bo Li, Aline Chaves Intorne, Kevin Babilonia, Marcos V. V. de Oliveira, Shunyuan Xiao, Fangjun Li, Xiangzong Meng, Libo Shan, Sixue Chen, Fuhao Cui, and Yi Zheng
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Arabidopsis ,Pseudomonas syringae ,RNA polymerase II ,Microbiology ,Article ,Immune system ,Transcription (biology) ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Immunology and Microbiology(all) ,Virology ,Phosphoprotein Phosphatases ,Phosphorylation ,Molecular Biology ,MAMP ,Plant Diseases ,Genetics ,Regulation of gene expression ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ,biology ,Kinase ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,biology.protein ,bacteria ,Parasitology ,RNA Polymerase II - Abstract
SummaryPerception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) elicits host transcriptional reprogramming as part of the immune response. Although pathogen perception is well studied, the signaling networks orchestrating immune gene expression remain less clear. In a genetic screen for components involved in the early immune gene transcription reprogramming, we identified Arabidopsis RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase-like 3 (CPL3) as a negative regulator of immune gene expression. MAMP perception induced rapid and transient cyclin-dependent kinase C (CDKC)-mediated phosphorylation of Arabidopsis CTD. The CDKCs, which are in turn phosphorylated and activated by a canonical MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, represent a point of signaling convergence downstream of multiple immune receptors. CPL3 directly dephosphorylated CTD to counteract MAPK-mediated CDKC regulation. Thus, modulation of the phosphorylation dynamics of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcription machinery by MAPKs, CTD kinases, and phosphatases constitutes an essential mechanism for rapid orchestration of host immune gene expression and defense upon pathogen attacks.
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